The Hidden Link Between Ebola Outbreaks and Your Smartphone

The Connection Between Ebola and Deforestation

For decades after the discovery of Ebolavirus in 1976, outbreaks of the disease were relatively small and contained, affecting a few hundred people at most. However, in recent years, outbreaks of Ebola have been much larger, affecting thousands and even tens of thousands of people across multiple countries.

The Role of Mineral Extraction in Deforestation

The conventional explanation for the increased spread of Ebola has to do with larger and more interconnected human populations. However, a more fundamental driver is the transformation of the underlying ecology of Ebola, which is being re-made, in part, by the rising global hunger for minerals to power the hi-tech economy. The increasing demand for minerals such as cobalt and gold, essential for smartphone production, is driving deforestation in the Congo basin.

The Data Analysis: Deforestation and Ebola Incidence

With each per cent increase in deforestation in Central Africa, the incidence of malaria and Ebola spikes by 20% to 40%. The 2014 Ebola epidemic was preceded by the loss of 85% of the forest cover in the south-west corner of Guinea, where the outbreak began. The current outbreak of Bundibugyo Ebola fits the pattern, too, being preceded by a record loss of 1.5m acres of Congo basin rainforest in 2024.

The Impact Analysis: Broken Ecologies and Pandemics

The hunt for minerals alters the ecology of Ebola in peculiar ways that juice the pathogen's ability to spread among us. When people expand their farms, they generally push into forests from the edges. Those who seek minerals, in contrast, plunge deep into the core of the forest. The rising price of minerals attracts people from all over, including those who don't enjoy the acquired immunity of regular forest-dwelling people.

The Prediction: Preventing Future Pandemics

It's only the third and relatively ignored pillar of policymaking around pandemics that can: preventing the broken ecologies that drive novel pathogens into human populations in the first place. That will mean more attention to the health of ecosystems such as the forests of the Congo basin, and how its minerals might be inside the smartphone tingling in your pocket.