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Researchers at Rothamsted Research in Harpenden, Hertfordshire, have made a groundbreaking discovery in the field of food safety. By utilizing Crispr genome editing, they have successfully developed wheat that can be used to make bread with reduced levels of acrylamide, a toxic compound classified as a probable carcinogen.The innovation lies in the reduction of free asparagine, an amino acid in wheat that converts into acrylamide when bread is toasted, fried, or baked. Field trials over two years demonstrated that gene-edited wheat can have significantly lower concentrations of free asparagine without impacting crop yields. This translates into lower acrylamide formation in food products, making toasted bread safer for consumption.In tests, bread and biscuits made from the edited wheat showed substantially reduced acrylamide levels, with some bread samples having concentrations below detectable limits even after toasting. The Crispr editing targeted the gene responsible for asparagine production, achieving a reduction of up to 93% in free asparagine in dual-edited lines.Compared to conventional methods that achieved a 50% reduction in free asparagine but resulted in a 25% yield penalty, the Crispr-edited wheat offers a more efficient and effective solution. Dr. Navneet Kaur, a lead researcher, highlighted the potential of Crispr technology to deliver precise, beneficial changes in crop genetics, emphasizing the importance of supportive regulatory frameworks to unlock benefits for agriculture and food systems.The UK has become a global hub for gene editing research since Brexit, with the Genetic Technology (Precision Breeding) Act of 2023 facilitating the development and marketing of genetically modified crops. However, the future of these advancements may be influenced by negotiations with the EU over sanitary and phytosanitary agreements.Prof. Nigel Halford, who led the study, noted that low-acrylamide wheat could help food businesses meet safety standards without compromising product quality or incurring major costs, ultimately reducing consumers' dietary exposure to acrylamide.

Cooper Lutkenhaus, a 17-year-old American high school student, has taken the athletics world by storm by becoming the youngest world champion in track and field history. He achieved this incredible feat by winning the 800m indoor world championship in Torun, Poland.Lutkenhaus's remarkable talent has drawn comparisons to top athletes like David Rudisha, with Belgian athlete Eliott Crestan saying, 'He's like David Rudisha... In 10 or 20 years' time, I'll be able to say that I ran against him.'The young athlete's coach, Chris Capeau, attributes his success to a combination of 'God's gifts, his mum and dad's genetics, and his upbringing.' Capeau also highlights Lutkenhaus's intense focus on detail and his ruthless approach to maximizing his potential.Lutkenhaus's achievements have made him a sensation in the athletics world, with many eagerly anticipating his future performances, including his participation in the Eugene and Stockholm Diamond League this summer.Despite his remarkable success, Lutkenhaus remains humble and grounded, celebrating his gold medal with a simple burger and fries with his family. His father, George, emphasizes the importance of allowing his son to enjoy the moment and not getting caught up in the hype surrounding his achievements.

Caster Semenya, the two‑time Olympic 800‑metre champion, has pledged to fight the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) newly announced gender‑testing policy that would apply to all female athletes competing in strength, power or endurance events. The South African athlete says the rule "undermines women’s rights" and lacks scientific justification. The IOC unveiled the policy last week, stating that including “androgen‑sensitive XY‑DSD athletes” in the female category "runs fundamentally counter to ensuring fairness, safety and integrity in elite competition." The measure is expected to become a universal requirement across Olympic sports, replacing a patchwork of national regulations that have sparked controversy for years. Semanya, who has been embroiled in a long‑running legal dispute with World Athletics over her right to compete despite having a Difference of Sexual Development (DSD), told Reuters, "We’re going to be vocal about it, we’re going to make noise until we’re heard". She added, "Enough is enough – women will not be told how to compete". DSDs are rare conditions involving variations in genes, hormones and reproductive anatomy. Some individuals with DSDs are raised as female yet possess XY chromosomes and testosterone levels typical of males. The IOC’s testing protocol will involve a cheek‑swab or saliva sample to detect the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, with further investigation for any positive results. Semanya rejected the scientific premise of the rule, stating, "There’s no science that XY‑DSD gives an athlete an advantage". She emphasized that athletic success stems from hard work, not genetics, and criticized those who claim intersex conditions confer a performance edge. She also criticized IOC President Kirsty Coventry, the first woman and first African to hold the position, for failing to consult athletes with DSDs before issuing the policy. "They sent us a letter the day they were going to publish the new policy," Semanya said, urging genuine stakeholder engagement rather than a perfunctory "tick‑the‑box" approach. By labeling the policy as a breach of women’s dignity and rights, Semanya aims to rally broader support for intersex athletes and challenge what she describes as a historically flawed testing regime.

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has come under fire for its new guidelines on transgender athletes, which have been criticized by over 100 human rights, sports, and scientific groups. The guidelines, announced on Friday, mandate genetic sex tests for all athletes competing in women's categories and impose blanket bans on people who identify as transgender, intersex, or with sex differences.The new policy has been deemed 'a blunt and discriminatory response that is not supported by science and violates international human rights law.' Professor Paula Gerber, an international human rights lawyer at Monash University, stated that 'mandatory genetic sex testing and rigid biological criteria as a condition for participation in the women's category violates fundamental and universal human rights … including the right to equality, non-discrimination, dignity, privacy, and bodily autonomy.'The guidelines have also been criticized for their potential impact on intersex athletes and women of color, who may be disproportionately targeted due to their appearance. Dr. Ada Cheung, a professor of endocrinology at the University of Melbourne, noted that 'the best available data … shows that transgender women receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy are not meaningfully different from cisgender women in key performance-related measures.'The Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) has expressed support for the new guidelines, with president Ian Chesterman stating that they provide 'clarity for elite female athletes who compete at the highest level and demonstrates a commitment to fairness, safety and integrity in Olympic competition.' However, Nikki Dryden, a human rights lawyer and former Olympic swimmer, argued that the guidelines 'will be unlawful in Australia' and 'create a culture where someone like a coach, an official, or even another parent, feels entitled to question whether your daughter 'looks female enough' to belong.'

The Gran Chaco forest in Argentina, spanning across parts of Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil, is facing a critical threat from deforestation. Small farmers, enticed by the promise of quick money from selling timber, often contribute to this environmental degradation. However, a collaborative effort between conservationists, NGOs, and international organizations is underway to support small-scale landowners and Indigenous communities in establishing alternative income sources. This initiative aims to enable them to resist the pressures of agribusiness and the timber market. Jorge Luna, a 55-year-old farmer, has taken a significant step towards preserving his 40-hectare land in Chaco province. He rejected an offer to cut down the trees and instead embarked on a second career as a forest tourist guide with Fundación Rewilding Argentina, a non-profit organization working to restore parts of the Gran Chaco forest. Luna now rents out a small campsite to visitors and takes tourists on kayak tours along the Bermejito River. "At first, you didn’t give the plants value. It was a lack of knowledge of what they meant. Now, every leaf that sprouts has an added value," he says. Created in 2010 by Tompkins Conservation, Rewilding aims to protect vast tracts of territory and create economic opportunities for local communities while preserving the biosphere. The organization worked with 15 other organizations to convince the government of Chaco province to turn 128,000 hectares into the El Impenetrable national park, officially designated in 2014. Since then, Rewilding has established a network to support a budding tourism industry. It offers riverside glamping stays while promoting local and ancestral knowledge as possible sources of income. Women have returned to weaving and artisanal production, as well as providing home-cooked meals for visitors. According to Greenpeace, Argentina lost nearly 7 million hectares of native forest between 1998 and 2024, with most of it in the Gran Chaco. An estimated almost 120,000 hectares of forest were lost in northern Argentina in 2024, a 10% increase from the previous year. The primary causes of forest loss are the expansion of agriculture, mainly for intensive cattle ranching and genetically modified soya, and forest fires. The Gran Chaco forest also feeds the timber industry, particularly with the quebracho tree, which produces a tannin used in leather products, and carob trees. Environmental lawyers warn that the Gran Chaco could disappear within two decades if deforestation continues at its current pace. "The Chaco does not receive the same attention as the Amazon – few people even know it exists," says Enrique Viale, an Argentine environmental lawyer and activist. For conservation efforts to succeed, projects must be co-designed with the community, ensuring their long-term objectives are considered. Community empowerment, equal distribution of benefits, and capacity building are crucial factors. Mabel Figueroa, a local weaver, has resumed her craft since the national park opened, selling scarves, blankets, and ponchos to tourists. She raises sheep and dyes their wool with tree bark and forest plants, reviving an ancestral tradition.

The relationship between dogs and humans has long been a subject of fascination, and recent groundbreaking research has shed new light on the origins of this enduring bond. Published in the journal Nature, the study reveals that the genetic evidence for domestic dogs dates back an astonishing 15,000 years, a full 5,000 years earlier than previously thought.Ancient DNA analysis of dog remains has provided unprecedented insight into the early days of dog domestication. The oldest specimen, a 15,800-year-old dog buried alongside human remains in Anatolia, Turkey, and a 14,300-year-old jawbone from Gough's Cave in Somerset, England, are key findings that have helped researchers reevaluate the timeline of dog domestication.According to Dr. Lachie Scarsbrook of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the study suggests that dogs with diverse ancestries already existed across Eurasia 15,000 years ago, from Somerset to Siberia. This raises the possibility that domestication occurred during the last ice age, more than 10,000 years before the emergence of other domestic plants and animals.The research, conducted by international teams, analyzed DNA from bones at various sites, including Gough's Cave, Pınarbaşı in Turkey, and two sites in Serbia. Advanced sequencing techniques allowed researchers to piece together tiny fragments of ancient DNA, enabling clear species identification for the first time.Key findings include:Dogs were widespread across Europe and western Asia by at least 14,000 years ago.Isotopic analysis revealed dogs consumed a diet rich in fish, matching the local human diet in Turkey.Evidence of deep emotional bonds between humans and dogs, including the burial of puppies over human remains.The study's authors suggest that dogs may have increased hunting efficiency or served as an early warning system against predators. The genetic relationship between dogs across sites implies that they may have spread rapidly across Europe, possibly through trade between unrelated groups.As Prof. Laurent Frantz notes, the fact that people exchanged dogs so early suggests these animals must have been important, serving purposes beyond being pets. The research provides a fascinating glimpse into the ancient partnership between humans and dogs, highlighting the significance of this bond in human history.

Olympic gold medal-winning boxer Lin Yu-ting of Taiwan has been cleared to return to competition at the Asian Boxing Championships following a review of her sex eligibility.World Boxing, the sport’s Olympic-level governing body, announced its decision before the Asian championships, which begin March 29 in Mongolia.Lin and Imane Khelif of Algeria won gold medals at the 2024 Paris Olympics amid international scrutiny and misconceptions over both boxers’ sex.While both met the eligibility rules followed at the time by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which ran the Paris tournament, the two fighters’ success led to a politically charged debate over those standards.World Boxing took over as the sport’s governing body last year, and it implemented a sex eligibility policy last August requiring all fighters to take a one-time genetic test designed to identify the presence of a Y chromosome.Lin has been absent from several international competitions since World Boxing introduced the test last summer.“We recognise that this has been a difficult period for the boxer and the CTBA and appreciate the way they have approached the appeal process and their acknowledgement of World Boxing’s requirement to ensure that its eligibility policy, which is designed to deliver safety and sporting integrity, has been correctly implemented and followed,” World Boxing secretary-general Tom Dielen said in a statement.Taiwan’s boxing association described the decision as a “tremendous relief” for Lin.“We are pleased that World Boxing’s independent medical experts thoroughly reviewed all evidence and confirmed that she has been female since birth,” it said in a statement.Lin “will make her highly anticipated return to the ring at the Asian Boxing Championships”, the statement said.

Scotland has taken a significant step in the early detection and treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare genetic condition that causes progressive muscle wastage, by becoming the first part of the UK to screen newborn babies for the condition.The screening, which is part of the existing heel prick test offered to all parents in Scotland about four days after birth, is funded by the Scottish government and pharmaceutical company Novartis. The goal is to assess how well screening can detect SMA earlier, allowing babies to receive treatment as soon as possible.SMA affects an estimated 1 in 14,000 births worldwide and impacts movement, breathing, and swallowing. Without treatment, it can limit life expectancy to two years. The condition was brought to wider attention after former Little Mix singer Jesy Nelson revealed in January that her twin daughters had been diagnosed with SMA.Campaigners, who have long advocated for newborn testing, hope the Scottish pilot will result in approval for the heel prick test across the UK. Giles Lomax, chief executive of SMA UK, said the screening pilot in Scotland would be “a huge impetus for other parts of the UK to speed up their own testing plans”. He hopes the Scotland trial will provide data that would convince the UK National Screening Committee to approve UK-wide testing.There is no cure for SMA, but there are now three NHS-funded drug treatments available. Lomax emphasized that with these treatments and newborn screening, “the future for anyone diagnosed with SMA is very different compared to their peers who were diagnosed symptomatically. It basically gives children the life they deserve.”

The Kent meningitis outbreak may have reached its peak after only two new cases were reported on Friday. The UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed 18 cases and 11 probable cases, bringing the total to 29.Of the confirmed cases, 13 were meningitis B. The growth in cases may have slowed, but the situation remains serious, with all cases requiring hospital admission. As of 5 pm on Thursday, 2,360 vaccinations had been given and 9,840 doses of antibiotics handed out.Prof Robin May, the chief scientific officer of the UKHSA, said experts are working to understand if the meningitis B bug has become more transmissible. Initial genetic analysis suggests the Bexsero vaccine should provide protection against the type of MenB in this outbreak.The family of a teenager who died from the disease described their immeasurable loss. Juliette Kenny died on March 14, one day after developing symptoms. Her family is now campaigning for teenagers and young people to be routinely given access to the meningitis B vaccination.Experts believe that with an incubation period of up to 10 days, the peak from the initial super-spreading event will have already passed. However, secondary cases among people who did not attend the nightclub but caught it from someone who did are still possible.