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The Return of the Choughs Decades after disappearing from the cliffs around Tintagel Castle on the coast of north Cornwall, choughs – charismatic corvids with red beaks and feet – have returned. The custodian of Tintagel, English Heritage, and local ornithologists have confirmed the presence of these birds, which are considered Cornwall's 'national bird' and feature in its coat of arms. Legendary Connections Choughs have a deep connection to the legend of King Arthur, who is said to have been conceived at Tintagel. According to folklore, King Arthur's spirit is said to live on in the shape of a chough, with the bird's red feet and beak representing his bloody end. The Decline and Resurgence Choughs vanished as residents from the far south-west of the UK in the early 1970s, largely due to the decline of their grazed clifftop habitat. However, since the turn of this century, choughs have staged a comeback in Cornwall. English Heritage announced that they had made it back to Tintagel, with sightings reported since September 2024. The Current Situation Win Scutt, an English Heritage curator, expressed his excitement about the return of the choughs, stating that it's a rare moment where nature and myth seem to meet. Christina Hazel, a visitor assistant at Tintagel, described the choughs as 'fascinating and magical to watch.' Currently, three birds visit the area, and a pair has become established. Future Prospects Hilary Mitchell of Cornwall Birds mentioned that the Tintagel birds are the furthest north and east and hopes they will spread further along the coast into north Devon and Somerset, ultimately joining up with the population in south Wales. The RSPB describes choughs as 'master flyers' and highlights their historical persecution and loss of habitat.

The World's Longest Football DerbyCarlisle and Barrow will play each other next season in the Cumbrian derby in the National League. The clubs are located at opposite ends of Cumbria and the distance between the two grounds is some 78 miles by car. But this is not the greatest distance between two teams involved in a 'derby'.When considering derbies, we are looking for matches between teams that are linked based upon their proximity or geography, rather than simply historical rivalries like the 'clásico' between Real Madrid and Barcelona.UK Derbies: The Cumbrian ContenderWithin the UK, the Cumbrian derby certainly looks the furthest derby by distance. If we are staying in England, the closest we can get to 78 miles is the A49 derby between Shrewsbury Town and Hereford United, separated by 51 miles, although it should be said that the two teams have not met since the latter was dissolved in 2014.In England, thoughts immediately go to Crystal Palace and Brighton, dubbed the M23 derby, but a quick search reveals that Selhurst Park is a mere 46 miles from the Amex Stadium. It is also 46 miles that separate the stadiums of Plymouth Argyle and Exeter City, the Devon derby. Just behind are Ipswich and Norwich – the East Anglian derby (AKA El Tractico or the Old Farm) – with Portman Road and Carrow Road 45 miles apart.International Long-Distance DerbiesFarther afield, we must mention the derby between Persib Bandung and Persija Jakarta, who take part in the Indonesia derby, or Laga Klasikal as it is locally known, with Persib's Gelora Bandung Lautan Api Stadium lying 108 miles away from Persija's Jakarta International Stadium in Indonesia's capital.Italy is fertile ground for a host of famous derbies, and it is here that we find some of the longest-distance derbies. Of course there is the Derby d'Italia between Milan and Juventus, with 85 miles separating San Siro and Juve's Allianz Arena in Italy's north-west. The Derby di Sicilia between Palermo and Catania spans a whopping 134 miles across the breadth of Sicily, while the Derby delle Isole (Derby of the Islands) between Palermo and Sardinian club Cagliari goes even further – a full 250 miles across the Tyrrhenian Sea.The Champion: New Zealand's 386-Mile DerbyOur winner, though, comes from New Zealand's North Island. With Auckland FC only entering the A-League Men in 2024-25, the New Zealand derby between themselves and Wellington Phoenix is still very much in its infancy but has already blossomed into something substantial. In February, just the sixth edition of the derby, a comical own goal from Wellington goalkeeper Josh Oluwayemi sparked a 5-0 thrashing by Auckland, prompting Phoenix coach Giancarlo Italiano to resign immediately after the defeat. With 386 miles between the two grounds, the NZD is our clear winner.The Evolution of Geographic DerbiesThe existence of such long-distance derbies challenges our traditional understanding of what constitutes a local rivalry. In an era where football has become increasingly globalized, these geographic matchups represent unique connections between communities separated by vast distances. The New Zealand derby, in particular, showcases how even in a country with a relatively small population, football can create intense rivalries across significant geographical divides.The Future of Long-Distance DerbiesAs football continues to evolve, we may see more long-distance derbies emerge, particularly in regions with expanding leagues or where new clubs are formed to serve underserved areas. The New Zealand derby between Auckland and Wellington Phoenix is a prime example of how modern football infrastructure and scheduling can create meaningful rivalries regardless of distance. With the increasing popularity of travel and fan engagement, these long-distance derbies may become even more significant in the future of football culture.Double Winners in FootballDeji Elerewe has won the title with both Bromley (League Two) and Lincoln (League One) this season. Has any other player managed the same feat?We covered this answer 10 years ago in a previous Knowledge, but regular contributor Dirk Maas has come in clutch with some additions, although he does clarify that he has limited his search to the top five leagues in Europe in this century.There are several examples of players winning titles with different teams in the same season, including:Jonas Urbig with Köln (2. Bundesliga) and Bayern Munich (Bundesliga) in 2024-25Leigh Griffiths with Celtic (Scottish Premiership) and Wolverhampton (League One) in 2013-14Urby Emanuelson with Ajax and Milan in 2010-11Daniel Amartey with Leicester City and FC Copenhagen in 2015-16Timothy Weah with Paris Saint-Germain and Celtic in 2018-19Khvicha Kvaratskhelia with Napoli and PSG in 2024-25There are also alternative cases where seasons happen at different times of year, such as David Beckham achieving this by picking up an MLS winner's medal with LA Galaxy and a Ligue 1 winner's medal with Paris Saint-Germain in 2012-13.

The UK's Busiest May Bank Holiday in YearsDrivers across the UK are being warned to expect unprecedented levels of traffic during the upcoming May bank holiday weekend, with the RAC motoring organization predicting the busiest period for motorists since 2016. Despite high fuel prices and potential weather changes, millions of leisure trips are expected to create significant congestion on major roads.Record-Breaking Traffic PredictionsThe RAC has forecasted more than 19 million leisure trips by car over the long weekend from Friday to Monday, marking the highest volume since 2016. Friday will see early getaways meeting commuter traffic and school runs, while late Saturday morning has been pinpointed as the peak time for cars on the roads. The M5 from Bristol to Taunton is expected to be a particular congestion black spot as drivers head to Devon and Cornwall.Traveler Behavior Despite Economic PressuresDespite the surge in pump prices since the start of hostilities in the Middle East, the research reveals that only 6% of drivers surveyed were deterred from traveling. Almost 40% of respondents were planning an overnight break or day trip, indicating a strong determination to enjoy the long weekend despite economic pressures. This resilience in travel plans suggests that the desire for leisure activities is outweighing concerns about fuel costs for most motorists.Railway Disruptions Across the NetworkWhile roads face heavy traffic, railway passengers will also face challenges as engineering works disrupt services across the country. Network Rail has confirmed that the "vast majority" of Britain's railway network will be open as usual, but with "some notable exceptions." The east coast mainline will be shut between York and Darlington for three days from Saturday, adding hours to journeys between London and Edinburgh or Newcastle. Additionally, Liverpool's Lime Street station will be closed all day on Sunday and until noon on Monday, while London's Charing Cross and Waterloo East stations will also be closed for the same period.Future Outlook for Holiday TravelAs the UK continues to recover from various economic and social disruptions, the high volume of bank holiday traffic may indicate a return to pre-pandemic travel patterns. Network Rail's group director Anit Chandarana advises everyone to "plan ahead and check before they travel," suggesting that future bank holidays may see similar levels of disruption. The resilience of travel plans despite economic pressures indicates that leisure travel remains a priority for many UK residents, potentially leading to continued high demand during future holiday periods.

At a damp morning meeting in Sandy Park, Exeter Chiefs chairman Tony Rowe outlined the club’s next chapter: a potential sale to an American investment group that will be decided by the club’s 700‑plus members at an extraordinary general meeting on 7 May.Rowe, now 77, has steered the Chiefs for more than three decades, guiding the team from a modest county‑ground side to Premiership champions in 2010. Yet he admits that “romance doesn’t pay the bills” in today’s professional rugby, and a well‑funded owner could finally provide the financial muscle the club needs.The proposed buyer is described as a “mega‑wealthy multi‑sport investor” already active in British football. If the vote passes, the investor would inject fresh capital, allowing Exeter to compete for top talent such as marquee player Immanuel Feyi‑Waboso and to pursue broader ambitions.Rowe argues that English club rugby must look beyond nostalgia. “We’ve got to wake up and smell the coffee,” he said, emphasizing the need for an owner with deep pockets. He warned that the club’s current shareholder structure, which “has no money,” limits growth.The takeover is part of a wider trend of foreign money entering English rugby, following recent investments in Newcastle Red Bulls and Bath. Rowe believes a cash‑rich owner will position Exeter to help expand the Premiership from its current ten clubs to twelve, and eventually fourteen, with a view to incorporating Welsh sides.He suggested that adding “two Welsh clubs” could revitalise Welsh rugby, which he described as “on its arse,” and noted that travel logistics would not be a barrier for English clubs making weekend trips to Wales.Financial pressures remain acute. Rowe cited a £25 million loss from Covid and the post‑pandemic mini‑recession, compounded by a government grant that was later converted into a loan and a Rugby Football Union (RFU) contribution that covered only half of the promised support.He also criticised a £200 million 2018 deal that gave private‑equity firm CVC Capital Partners a 27 % share of the club’s commercial rights. “We should never have sold those shares,” Rowe lamented, adding that CVC has done little to boost sponsorship or “razzmatazz” for the sport.Looking ahead, Rowe stresses the importance of attracting a younger, millennial fan base, noting that “our future supporters are millennials” and that they will be the financial lifeline of the club.Despite the uncertainties, Rowe remains optimistic. He confirmed he will stay on under the new ownership, describing the investors as “long‑term” and “understanding of the sport.” He warned the new owners must respect Exeter’s Devonian heritage, likening the club’s future to a bus that needs a fresh fuel supply to reach “even greater success.”

Exeter Chiefs, a renowned English rugby club, has finalized a deal with a wealthy American backer to take control of the club. The sale, subject to approval from the club's membership, is set to unlock significant fresh funding for the 155-year-old Devon-based team. The impending multimillion-pound investment is being described as 'meaningful' at a critical juncture in the development of English professional club rugby. The existing 10-team Premiership is slated to become a franchise 'expansion' league from 2029-30, and the race for new funding is accelerating. Last August, energy drinks company Red Bull completed its takeover of Newcastle, while billionaire Sir James Dyson has recently acquired a 50% stake in Bath. Exeter have previously been backed by companies led by their chair, Tony Rowe, but at 77, he has made clear he can no longer personally invest any more money after three decades of involvement. The Chiefs have been seeking fresh investment for a couple of years and had discussions with over 80 companies and individuals before identifying their preferred new backer. Exeter posted an annual loss of £10.3m last year but is now in a more saleable position, sitting in fourth place in the league and having reached the semi-finals of this season's Challenge Cup. Rob Baxter, the Chiefs' director of rugby, has signed a new extended contract, and it is understood Rowe would stay on under new American ownership, assuming the deal receives approval next month. Premiership Rugby is also launching a tender process to secure external investment in the competition, having previously invited Raine Group and Deloitte to review the sport's finances and potential funding options.

Emma Sing, a 25‑year‑old Rugby World Cup winner and multiple Six Nations grand‑slam champion, says she is aiming to secure the England full‑back jersey for the upcoming Women’s Six Nations. Despite her impressive résumé – three Premiership Women’s Rugby titles with Gloucester‑Hartpury, 13 England caps since 2022 and three appearances at the 2025 World Cup – Sing insists there is no personal rivalry with fellow full‑back Ellie Kildunne, the Harlequins star who finished second in the BBC Sports Personality of the Year awards after her breakout World Cup performances. "The media love to pit us against each other, but in camp we lift each other up," Sing explained. "She is incredibly fast and agile, while I bring a more physical presence – I’m roughly 10 kg heavier – and I add reliable goal‑kicking to the mix." Sing’s background is equally diverse: she holds a degree in bio‑veterinary science from Hartpury University and grew up on a Devon farm, a heritage she jokes gives her "farm strength" on the field. Statistically, Sing has been a prolific scorer. Over the past two league campaigns she topped the points table, primarily through accurate place‑kicking, and currently sits as the second‑highest points scorer in the season, trailing only Zoe Harrison. Her consistency earned her four player‑of‑the‑match awards, even after a recent knee injury sidelined her for a few games. Coach John Mitchell acknowledges the competition at full‑back but hints at a broader role for Sing. "We may explore her in the midfield," he said, noting her strong ball‑carrying and defensive fend. The prospect gains urgency after regular No 12 Tatyana Heard was ruled out with a foot injury. Former England captain Katy Daley‑McLean echoed the sentiment, observing that Sing’s traditional full‑back skill set – solid defence and dependable kicking – offers a different dynamic to Kildunne’s "X‑factor" flair. As the tournament approaches, Sing remains focused on translating her club form – highlighted by Gloucester‑Hartpury’s 22‑17 victory over Saracens in March – into more England starts. "I’m training hard and leaving the selection to Mitch; whichever style suits the game will win the shirt," she affirmed.

Harry Styles has announced the full programme for this year’s Meltdown Festival at the Southbank Centre, positioning the pop star as curator of a multi‑genre celebration that runs from 11 June to 21 June. In addition to headlining a solo show on 16 June at the Royal Festival Hall, Styles will perform amid his ongoing Wembley Stadium tour, while the festival showcases a broad spectrum of talent ranging from jazz to electronic dance music. The jazz segment features two sets by acclaimed US saxophonist Kamasi Washington: one dedicated to his album Fearless Movement and another titled “Jazz Legends Reimagined,” where he will reinterpret classic jazz compositions. Ethiopian‑born pioneer Mulatu Astatke returns after a farewell‑tour appearance, and the UK scene is represented by drummer Yussef Dayes and reed virtuoso Shabaka, who will join a collective of collaborators. Indie and rock offerings include LA band Warpaint (performing their sole gig of the year), British singer‑songwriter Nilüfer Yanya, and a mix of emerging and veteran acts such as Bar Italia, Stephen Fretwell and Getdown Services. Former Maccabees frontman Orlando Weeks will deliver a hybrid set of music and storytelling, while Devonté Hynes (known as Blood Orange) will present a classical‑inspired performance with musicians Adam Tendler, Cæcilie Trier and Tariq Al‑Sabir. On the pop front, rising stars Erika de Casier and Fousheé will provide some of the season’s most forward‑thinking tracks. The electronic roster spans ambient pioneer Beverly Glenn‑Copeland, an improvised collaboration featuring Jon Hopkins, Maddie Ashman and Leo Abrahams, high‑tempo EDM from Australia’s Ninajirachi, and a DJ set by James Murphy of LCD Soundsystem. A parallel programme of free, family‑friendly events will showcase “a mix of appearances from Styles’ favourite artists beyond music,” according to the Southbank Centre. Speaking about the festival, Styles said: “Music is my life; every artist involved in this year’s Meltdown festival means so much to me, both as a fan, and a musician. It’s a true honour to host legends who have paved the way for the generations that follow them, as well as new acts that have inspired me to push my creative boundaries.” Tickets become available on 9 April for Southbank members and 10 April for the general public, with the event promising a unique blend of established icons and cutting‑edge talent.

A recent study has shown that a simple yet effective method can help prevent gulls from stealing food from beachgoers. Painting eyes on takeaway boxes can reduce gull theft by up to 50%. The research, conducted by Laura Kelley from the University of Exeter and her colleagues, involved presenting herring gulls with tempting takeaways at various seaside towns in Devon and Cornwall.The study found that when faced with a choice between a box with eyes painted on it and a plain box, gulls were slower to approach the box with eyes and less likely to peck at it. This effect was sustained, with gulls remaining wary of the boxes with eyes on them even after repeated exposure. The findings were published in Ecology and Evolution.The concept of using watchful eyes as a deterrent is not new. It has been shown to be effective in keeping starlings away from crops, raptors away from airports, and even reducing predator attacks on livestock by painting eyes on an animal's rump. Humans are also susceptible to the feeling of being watched, with images of human eyes successfully used to deterrent bike theft and increase charitable donations. However, not all gulls are deterred by the feeling of being watched, and shouting has been shown to be a good deterrent for bolder gulls.

The escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have triggered a worldwide energy crisis that is affecting lives far from the conflict zones. Alagesan, 35, a small business owner in Coimbatore, India, faces the potential collapse of his roadside drink and snack shop due to an acute shortage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) caused by the conflict."I am far away from the Middle East, but my life is affected," Alagesan stated. "The gas cylinder is not available because of the war. I don't know what to do."The closure of the Strait of Hormuz – through which one-fifth of the world's oil travels – has created a critical supply disruption, pushing international oil prices to approximately $100 per barrel. This surge is translating into higher costs for gasoline, petrol, and numerous consumer goods, placing significant pressure on households and economies globally.In response to the crisis, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has issued a series of recommendations including remote work where feasible, reduced highway speed limits, shifting from private vehicles to public transportation, carpooling, electric cooking alternatives, and avoiding non-essential air travel."The war in the Middle East is creating a major energy crisis, including the largest supply disruption in the history of the global oil market," stated IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol. "In the absence of a swift resolution, the impacts on energy markets and economies are set to become more and more severe."Individuals worldwide are implementing various coping strategies in response to fuel shortages and price increases. Many have restricted driving to essential journeys only, increased cycling, and utilized public transportation more frequently.In regions with cooler climates, heating oil usage has been drastically curtailed due to "skyrocketing prices," with some households heating only single rooms, burning wood, and adding extra layers of clothing. Others have cancelled vacations, citing inappropriate fuel consumption during heightened demand.While some expressed relief at having electric vehicles and solar panels providing "control" over their energy sources, many with limited public transport options have no alternative but to continue driving to work and essential activities, forcing difficult budget adjustments elsewhere.In India, where 60% of LPG is imported and 90% of it passes through the Strait of Hormuz, the crisis has led to severe rationing. Gangesh, 57, from Kerala, reported "most hotels are suffering the worst shortage" with "a large number of eateries shutting down leading to unemployment." One woman noted a "35-day wait for the next instalment of gas cylinders."The personal stories of adaptation continue across continents. Sue, 73, in the UK has "banned" car use except for hospital trips, opting for bicycles and a tricycle instead. Katie, 71, in Massachusetts faces impossible choices between food and gasoline for her son's essential medical care, requiring 100-mile round trips."We now consider carefully almost every mile we must drive and are trying to cut back expenses every way we can," Katie explained.In the UK, where an estimated 1.7 million households rely on heating oil, and in Northern Ireland where it serves as the primary heating source for nearly two-thirds of households, the crisis has reached critical levels. David in Londonderry expressed concern about "additional and immediate increases" in fuel costs, particularly for those with respiratory conditions requiring stable temperatures.Anne*, 50, in Perthshire, Scotland, saw the price of 1,000 liters of paraffin jump from £600 to £1,450, forcing her family to use firewood cut from fallen trees instead. "It's laborious work," she noted. "Hot-water bottles are also good. Very old school."Amanda*, 48, in Devon, UK, has only about three weeks of heating oil remaining: "I have had to turn it off as I do not have the extra money to pay the current prices. It's difficult because you obviously want to keep them [her sons] warm, and you feel guilty that you can't provide for them."Meanwhile, Alex, 46, in New South Wales, Australia, has reduced driving and increased public transport use, not only due to rising costs but also to avoid "panic buying" that could leave her without fuel. "War isn't about security or defending borders. War is what greed looks like in public," she reflected.