Mexican Cartels Turn South African Farms into Meth Production Hubs
The Rise of Meth Production in South Africa
In the quiet mining town of Swartruggens, a small courthouse is preparing to decide whether five Mexicans accused of a major illegal drug operation will be granted bail or remain in custody. Their arrests followed a raid on a remote farm in North West province, where police said they uncovered a large methamphetamine laboratory worth about one billion rand ($60m).
The Scope of the Problem
The case is one of several pointing to a pattern taking shape in South Africa’s rural interior. The Swartruggens laboratory was not an isolated discovery. It was one of four major meth sites linked to Mexican criminals uncovered in South Africa in just two years.
- In 2024, police dismantled a large meth facility worth about $105–110 million on a farm near Groblersdal in Limpopo.
- Later that year, another laboratory worth roughly $5–6 million was discovered near Tshwane.
- Arrests were made last year in Mpumalanga.
The New Cartel Footprint
Mexicans are increasingly being found working alongside local collaborators in rural production sites, suggesting a shift from trafficking meth into Africa to producing it there. Organised crime researcher Julian Rademeyer told Al Jazeera the model reflects a deliberate strategy.
“It’s quite a unique development where you have members of Mexican drug cartels franchising, moving chemists into remote rural areas and farms,” he said.
How it Spread
Mexican-linked networks in Africa did not begin in South Africa. Researchers trace early activity back to Nigeria, where local groups were producing meth with Mexican involvement by around 2016. From there, the networks spread through East Africa, then south through Mozambique and Botswana, before reaching South Africa more recently.
Who Looks the Other Way
Methamphetamine dominates parts of South Africa’s illicit drug market because cheaper drugs such as cocaine and heroin remain out of reach for many users, creating steady demand for a cheaper, highly addictive stimulant. Crime expert Willem Els says demand is only part of the story.
“The main reason why manufacturing locally is lucrative to cartels is the local conditions that exist, where there is protection from corrupt police and politicians,” he told Al Jazeera.
A Frontier that Keeps Moving
US Africa Command officials have warned that Mexican cartels are now not only moving drugs through Africa, but also producing them on the continent. For South Africa, the challenge is no longer just border control, it is institutional capacity, intelligence and corruption within the system meant to contain it.
Without deeper reform, analysts warn, the pattern is likely to continue: new farms, new labs, new chemists arriving quietly in rural provinces.