El Niño Returns with Potential 'Godzilla' Strength, Threatening Global Food Security
The Return of El Niño
El Niño, a complex weather pattern that affects global climate, has returned with a vengeance. The phenomenon, which was first identified by fishermen in the Pacific in the 1800s, is characterized by hot years and brutal extremes. The 1972-73 El Niño event, for example, warmed Peruvian waters to levels that collapsed the world's largest anchovy fishery, prompting scientists to conduct the first forecast of its state the following year.
Historical Impact of El Niño
El Niño has had a significant impact on global food security and economies throughout history. In the 19th century, the death toll from famines in India, China, and Brazil during El Niño years stretched into the tens of millions. The phenomenon is also believed to have contributed to the French Revolution in the 18th century and the Spanish conquest of the Inca empire in the 16th century.
The Current El Niño Event
The current El Niño event is expected to be particularly strong, with some scientists dubbing it a 'super' or 'Godzilla' El Niño. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has warned that El Niño conditions have formed in the Pacific and carry a 63% chance of being 'very strong' by the peak near the end of the year. Australia's Bureau of Meteorology has also warned that the event will worsen the extreme heat and wildfires that engulf the country each year.
Global Food Security Concerns
The return of El Niño has significant implications for global food security. The phenomenon is expected to bring harsh drought and heatwaves to various parts of the world, including Africa and Asia. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has warned that next year is almost certain to be the hottest on record, while a host of economic factors have left vulnerable countries more exposed. The International Monetary Fund has warned that about half of the world's 68 poorest countries are experiencing debt distress or at high risk of it.
Urgent Call to Action
The UN's World Food Programme and its Food and Agriculture Organization have issued their first joint appeal for funds to avert a crisis before it happens. The agencies are seeking $202m to help 8.8 million people with drought-resistant seeds, flood defences, water storage systems, and cash transfers. The appeal highlights the need for urgent action to mitigate the impact of El Niño on global food security.