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The Skyboxification of FootballIn What Money Can't Buy, his 2012 critique of a world where everything is for sale, Michael Sandel laments what he calls "the skyboxification of American life". Price gouging and profiteering, Mr Sandel notes, can exclude millions from communal experiences that should unite people, rather than divide them according to the size of their wallets. That is "not good for democracy, nor is it a satisfying way to live".World Cup Ticket Pricing Strategy Under FireAhead of the men's World Cup in the United States, Canada and Mexico next month, millions of football fans would readily agree with the Harvard philosopher. Gianni Infantino, the president of the sport's global governing body, Fifa, has predicted that this summer's tournament will be the "greatest and most inclusive … ever". But the lead-up has been overshadowed by a ticketing strategy that is almost surreally indifferent to the battered traditions of "the people's game".Exorbitant Price Points RevealedIn the latest phase of an opaque, manipulative process, Fifa has tripled the price of some of the best seats for the World Cup final in New Jersey to $32,970 (for the 2022 final in Qatar, top whack was about $1,600). On Fifa's Resale/Exchange Marketplace, tickets for the final have ranged from $8,970 to a laughable $11,499,998.85. For the US's opening group game against Paraguay in Los Angeles, the cheapest tickets initially offered were priced at $1,200. Even Donald Trump worried that might be too much for ordinary Americans to afford.Dynamic Pricing and Financial BarriersA dynamic pricing system means that a few tickets may become cheaper closer to the tournament. Many are likely to become still more expensive. These are ridiculous, exploitative prices that undermine the integrity of the world's most avidly followed sporting event. To add insult to financial injury, fans who bought early at prohibitive cost are discovering that the goalposts have now moved, as seats with the best views are hived off for even more lucrative hospitality packages.Impact on Football's Democratic TraditionFactor in accommodation and transport costs for travelling fans, and it is clear that access to the most monetised World Cup in history has been priced way beyond the means of most football lovers. But Mr Infantino has remained blithely dismissive in the face of the groundswell of protest, noting merely that the competition is being staged in a "market in which entertainment is the most developed in the world. So we have to apply market rates."Market Rates vs Democratic ValuesThis is self-serving nonsense. It is difficult to take anything Fifa's president says seriously after his decision to award a peace prize to Mr Trump. But such words betray a dismaying inability to consider wider responsibilities beyond a dollar-denominated bottom line. The best World Cups have been sporting and cultural festivals, enriched by the presence of passionate supporters from host cities and around the world. Only those with impressively deep pockets will be able to maintain that tradition in June and July.The Future of Inclusive FootballIn his book, Mr Sandel writes: "The more things money can buy, the fewer the occasions when people from different walks of life encounter each other." Next month, Mr Infantino will no doubt be waxing lyrical about the ability of the World Cup to bring people together and cross divides. Pious talk of inclusivity will ring very hollow if only the well-off can enter a stadium to actually watch a game.

For the first time, scientists have observed a 'civil war' in wild chimpanzees, where a once unified group turned on itself, leading to a years-long conflict. In a study published in the journal Science, researchers detail the dramatic shift in behavior among the Ngogo chimpanzee group in Uganda's Kibale national park.Primatologist Aaron Sandel, who led the research, noted that the conflict began in 2015 when the group's dynamics started to change. A change in social hierarchies, the death of key older individuals, and a disease outbreak in 2017 contributed to the group's fracture. By 2018, two distinct groups had emerged: the western chimps and the central chimps.The conflict escalated into 24 sustained and coordinated attacks by the western group on the central group over seven years, resulting in the deaths of at least seven adult males and 17 infants. This level of in-group violence is rare in the animal kingdom and has significant implications for understanding human conflict.Sandel suggests that human activities disrupting social cohesion, such as deforestation, climate change, or disease outbreaks, could make such inter-group conflicts more common among chimpanzees, who are already threatened with extinction. The study highlights the fragility of social ties and the potential for group cohesion to be disrupted under specific circumstances.Brian Wood, an evolutionary anthropologist, noted that the western chimps increased their Darwinian fitness by decreasing the survival and reproduction of their former community members. This conflict has resulted in the lowest survivorship ever documented in a wild chimpanzee community.