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The Lead Cuba is facing significant challenges in protecting its pristine reefs due to the US blockade and economic scarcity. However, the country is taking innovative steps to preserve its vital marine ecosystem. Cuba's Reef Conservation Efforts Cuba's Ciénaga de Zapata national park, a world-renowned site for marine conservation, is recognised as a biosphere reserve and a Ramsar site for its biodiversity and geodiversity. The park's coral cover has been relatively healthy compared to other Caribbean regions, with limited use of chemicals in farming and minimal pollution. The Impact of US Sanctions The US sanctions and economic scarcity have hindered conservation efforts in Cuba. The country's power crisis has virtually paralysed the economy, making it difficult for scientists to carry out and monitor existing projects. The oil blockade imposed by the US has also affected the transportation of volunteers and the control of illegal fishing. The Data Analysis The Caribbean has lost 48% of its coral cover since 1980, according to a recent report by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network. Cuba's coral reefs were relatively healthy until 2023, when stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) and an intense bleaching event damaged the reefs, prompting the Cuban government to adopt a new policy to protect them. The Impact Analysis The US administration's decision to underinvest in the environment is extremely misguided and self-defeating, according to Daniel Whittle, Resilient Caribbean initiative. The current crisis and the climate-sceptic Trump administration have hampered on-the-ground projects, worsening the situation since the oil blockade imposed by the US. The Prediction Despite the challenges, Cuba's innovative conservation efforts, including coral restoration and marine cleanups, are crucial to preserving its vital marine ecosystem. The country's commitment to protecting its reefs is essential for the Caribbean and the world, and it is hoped that the international community will support these efforts to ensure the long-term health of the planet's oceans.

From my home in Hawai‘i, the reef is more than a backdrop—it feeds families, shields shorelines, and anchors our culture. Today that vital connection is under unprecedented threat. Scientists report the most extensive coral‑bleaching episode ever recorded, persisting for 33 months into 2025. At a projected 1.5 °C rise in global temperatures, the IPCC warns that up to 90% of the world’s coral reefs could disappear. That temperature threshold is not a distant projection; it is looming now. Even if climate targets are eventually met, reefs continue to be battered by plastic waste, coastal development, agricultural runoff, and overfishing. Their degradation weakens natural storm barriers, leaving coastal communities more vulnerable to floods and erosion, jeopardising homes, jobs, and cultural heritage. In Hawai‘i we speak of kuleana—a generational duty to protect what sustains us. That principle must expand to every person on the planet: caring for reefs is caring for ourselves. On the ground, communities in French Polynesia have shown that, when equipped with the right tools, they can actively restore damaged reefs. Likewise, my collaboration with the Global Fund for Coral Reefs and the UN Environment Programme demonstrates how targeted financing can create sustainable livelihoods, boost marine conservation, and help coastal societies rebound after extreme weather. Time, however, is not on our side. The next twelve months could become a defining turning point for coral ecosystems. New scientific findings and a series of high‑profile gatherings—including the Kenya Ocean Conference, the International Coral Reef Symposium in New Zealand, and the upcoming Global Coral Reef Summit—will focus world attention on reef survival. The responsibility now lies with governments, businesses, and individuals alike. Proven actions include: cutting carbon footprints, eliminating plastic leakage, protecting keystone species, supporting reef‑positive enterprises, investing in resilient coastal economies, enacting protective legislation, and amplifying public advocacy. Moments like 2026 are not just about pledges; they are about swift, measurable change. Coral reefs cannot wait for perfect plans—they need us to act now, embodying the spirit of kuleana for the sake of our children and the ocean that sustains us. Jason Momoa is an actor, filmmaker, and UNEP Advocate for Life Below Water, dedicated to protecting oceans and raising global awareness of coral‑reef conservation.