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Conversations about mundane topics are often dreaded, but research suggests that people enjoy them more than they anticipate. A study involving 1,800 volunteers found that participants enjoyed chatting about dull subjects, such as the stock market or vegan diets, more than they expected. The findings indicate that by avoiding potentially dull exchanges, individuals may miss out on the mood boost and health benefits that come with connecting with others. Elizabeth Trinh, a PhD candidate in management and organisations at the University of Michigan, noted that people tend to underestimate how interesting and enjoyable conversations about boring topics can be. Trinh and her colleagues conducted a series of experiments to gauge how people responded to conversations on dull topics. Participants were asked to predict how much they would enjoy discussing topics they considered boring, and then engage in brief conversations about those topics. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, showed that people consistently found the conversations more enjoyable than they expected. The surprise enjoyment arises because individuals base their expectations on static components, such as the topic and the other person, rather than dynamic components, like the conversation itself. Trinh suggests that people may benefit from lowering the bar for what makes a conversation worth having and reframing conversational goals. Instead of focusing on enjoyment, individuals could think about what they might learn from the conversation. Nicholas Epley, a professor of behavioural science at the University of Chicago, added that the fear of a boring conversation shouldn’t prevent people from starting one. “If a conversation is boring once you’re in it, you also have a surprising amount of power to make it better!”

Meta, the company behind Facebook and Instagram, is reportedly working on an AI version of its CEO, Mark Zuckerberg. This AI clone is being trained on Zuckerberg's mannerisms, tone, and public statements to allow employees to interact with a digital version of their boss.The rationale behind this project is to make Meta's 79,000 employees feel more connected to one of the most influential figures in Silicon Valley. The AI character will be developed using images and the voice of Zuckerberg, with the CEO reportedly taking part in the training process.This move is part of Meta's broader effort to integrate AI into its business operations. The company aims to use AI to lower costs and accelerate work pace. Zuckerberg has emphasized the importance of efficiency, stating that the goal is to 'get more done' by elevating individual contributors and flattening teams.The development of this AI character follows Meta's previous experiments with digital avatars. In 2022, Zuckerberg shared his own avatar in the metaverse, which received public criticism for its graphic quality. The company has since scaled back its metaverse vision, focusing on AI-generated 3D characters for everyday conversations.Meta's investment in AI is part of a larger strategy to remain competitive with tech rivals. The company is pouring billions of dollars into AI research to create 'superintelligence,' a system capable of performing any cognitive task far better than a human.

Recent CDC data reveal a dramatic 1,200% increase in kratom‑related poisonings across the United States over the last ten years, with the most pronounced surge recorded in 2025. Researchers link this rise to the growing presence of 7‑hydroxymitragynine (7‑OH), a synthetically produced compound that mimics kratom’s effects but carries opioid‑like risks. Walter Prozialeck, pharmacology professor at Midwestern University, said the trend was expected, noting that the synthetic alkaloid has entered the market through energy drinks and other products since 2024. Christopher McCurdy of the University of Florida warned that marketing 7‑OH as “enhanced kratom” blurs the line for consumers, turning poison‑control calls into a conflated metric for both natural and synthetic products. By contrast, natural kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)—a Southeast Asian plant used for centuries as a pain reliever—has demonstrated a relatively favorable safety profile in animal and human studies. A 2018 statement from then‑HHS Secretary Brett Giroir rejected the DEA’s push to schedule kratom as a Schedule I substance, citing insufficient evidence of harm. Despite the scientific distinction, several states have moved to implement or propose blanket bans on all kratom products, prompting concern from clinicians and patient advocates. A recent user survey indicated that about 50% of respondents rely on kratom for chronic pain, while roughly 40% use it during addiction recovery. Personal testimonies underscore the plant’s therapeutic role. Jeff Maslan, a 68‑year‑old Californian with severe osteoarthritis, credits kratom with easing opioid withdrawal after multiple surgeries. Similarly, “Steven,” a disabled California resident, describes how kratom eliminated unbearable oxycodone withdrawal symptoms without producing the euphoric “warm fuzzy” feeling typical of opioids. Researchers emphasize that 7‑OH carries genuine opioid hazards, including addiction, severe withdrawal, and respiratory depression that can lead to fatal overdose. In animal models, 7‑OH demonstrated the same respiratory‑depression risk as classic opioids, whereas kratom’s primary alkaloid did not. Prozialeck and colleagues explain that kratom’s pharmacology is more nuanced: it partially activates opioid receptors while also engaging adrenergic and serotonin pathways, resembling a hybrid of a weak opioid and an SNRI‑type antidepressant. This multimodal action likely accounts for its lower euphoric potential and the reported boost in energy among users. Nevertheless, experts caution that kratom is not without risk. Fatal poisonings often involve co‑ingestion of potent opioids such as fentanyl, suggesting that some users may cycle between kratom and stronger substances, raising overdose danger due to reduced opioid tolerance. Additionally, heavy‑metal contamination has been detected in certain kratom batches, though the source—soil, processing, or storage—remains unclear. Given these complexities, the consensus among scholars like Austin Zamarripa (Johns Hopkins) is that natural kratom should remain accessible, while concentrated 7‑OH products merit stricter regulation. “These products may offer meaningful benefits to some individuals, and those benefits could be lost if access is restricted too broadly,” Zamarripa said, urging a differentiated policy approach. As the debate unfolds, patients like Steven worry that a sweeping ban would ignore the nuanced safety profile of the plant. “There’s corn on the cob, there’s high‑fructose corn syrup, there’s whiskey— all derived from corn but fundamentally different,” he remarked, highlighting the need for targeted, evidence‑based regulation rather than a one‑size‑fits‑all prohibition.

Scientists at London's Institute of Cancer Research and the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences in Dublin have announced a new AI-driven approach to identify how patients with advanced bowel cancer will respond to bevacizumab, a drug recently introduced by the NHS. The method uses PhenMap, an AI tool that integrates complex data on the genetic makeup of tumors, allowing researchers to track patterns of how different patients react to the drug. This development aims to spare potentially thousands of patients from being given drugs that would be ineffective in fighting their cancers. In the UK alone, nearly 10,000 cases of advanced bowel cancer are identified every year, with young adults seeing a particular rise in diagnoses. Bowel cancer has the second-highest mortality rate of any cancer, behind only lung cancer. While survival rates can be as high as 98% when caught early, the five-year survival rate for advanced bowel cancer can be as low as 10%. The study tracked 117 European bowel cancer patients who had been treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab. Researchers identified a group of patients who all had the same gene mutation and were at a high risk of having negative reactions. The scientists behind the tests now hope to expand the number of patient samples and see if the results can be used in treatments for other types of cancer. Anguraj Sadanandam, a professor in stratification and precision medicine at the ICR, said: “Once bowel cancer spreads to other parts of the body, there are very few treatment options available for patients. It is therefore positive that patients can now access the targeted drug bevacizumab on the NHS. However, we know that the majority of patients won’t benefit from the drug, meaning thousands of people in England could be facing unpleasant side effects unnecessarily.” Sadanandam added that while the findings were encouraging, the tool would need to be tested on a larger cohort to be validated. “In future, I hope this approach will lead to a test that can be used by clinicians, to ensure patients receive personalised care that has the highest chance of working against their cancer.”

The US has announced plans to blockade the Strait of Hormuz, a vital waterway through which about 20% of global oil passes. This move comes after ceasefire talks with Iran ended without an agreement over the weekend. The blockade, threatened by President Donald Trump, aims to pressure Iran into reopening the strait, which has been effectively closed since February 28. Trump's announcement on social media stated that the US Navy will begin the process of blockading any and all ships trying to enter or leave the Strait of Hormuz. He accused Iran of 'WORLD EXTORTION' and threatened that any person who attacked US vessels would be 'BLOWN TO HELL!' However, the blockade's scope appears to have been scaled down, with US Central Command (Centcom) stating it would be confined to vessels transiting through Iranian ports, permitting passage of ships headed to ports belonging to America's Gulf allies. The blockade is set to come into effect at 10am ET (2pm GMT). The UK will not be involved in any blockade of the strait, and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has stated that his country was not asked to participate. Oil prices have surged following Trump's announcement, with US crude increasing 8% to $104.24 a barrel and Brent crude oil rising 7% to $102.29. Experts warn that the blockade could lead to higher oil prices, but much depends on its 'scope and implementation.' The managing director of research at ClearView Energy Partners, Kevin Book, noted that leaner volumes generally mean tighter markets and higher prices. Iranian and/or Houthi reprisals against Gulf producers' alternative routes could drive prices still higher. The blockade could cut off one of the Iranian regime's major sources of funding but might also have a short-term negative effect on global prices. About 100 tankers have transited the strait since the US and Israel started bombing Iran, most carrying Iranian oil products bound for China and India. Iran's Revolutionary Guards have stated that any warships approaching the strait to enforce a blockade would be considered in breach of the current ceasefire and would be dealt with strongly. Trump floated the possibility of a resumption of US strikes inside Iran, citing missile factories as one possible target.

The Israeli military's invasion of southern Lebanon has resulted in the demolition of entire villages, with homes rigged with explosives and razed to the ground in massive remote detonations.Videos posted by the Israeli military and on social media show Israel carrying out mass detonations in the villages of Taybeh, Naqoura, and Deir Seryan along the Israel-Lebanon border. Lebanese media has reported more mass detonations in other border villages.The demolitions came after Israel's minister of defence, Israel Katz, called for the destruction of 'all houses' in border villages 'in accordance with the model used in Rafah and Beit Hanoun in Gaza' to stop threats to communities in northern Israel. The Israeli military destroyed 90% of homes in Rafah, in south Gaza.The tactic of mass destruction of homes in Gaza, where Israel has been accused of committing genocide, was described as domicide by academics, a strategy that is used to systematically destroy and damage civilian housing to render entire areas uninhabitable.The Israeli military has said they are targeting Hezbollah infrastructure such as tunnels and military facilities, which it claims the armed group has embedded in civilian homes, through these demolitions.Israel has said that it will occupy vast swathes of south Lebanon, establishing a 'security zone' in the entire area up to the Litani River, and that displaced people would not be allowed to return to their homes until the safety of Israel's northern cities is guaranteed, prompting concern there will be long-term displacement.Rights groups, however, have said these mass remote detonations could amount to wanton destruction: a war crime. The laws of war prohibit the deliberate destruction of civilian homes, except when necessary for lawful military reasons.'The possibility that Hezbollah may use some civilian structures in Lebanon's border villages for military purposes does not justify the wide-scale destruction of entire villages along the border,' said Ramzi Kaiss, the Lebanon researcher for Human Rights Watch.

GSK has revealed promising early results for its treatment for gynaecological cancers, Mocertatug Rezetecan (Mo-Rez), as its chief executive, Luke Miels, seeks to speed up drug development at the group.The company reported that in an early-stage trial, Mo-Rez shrank or eliminated tumours in 62% of patients with ovarian cancer where chemotherapy had failed, and in 67% of those with endometrial cancer.GSK acquired the Mo-Rez cancer treatment, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), from China’s Hansoh Pharma in late 2023, and has trialled it in 224 patients around the world, including the UK, over the past year. Few patients needed to stop treatment because of side-effects, the most common being nausea. It is administered every three weeks via intravenous infusion.Combined with data from a separate, intermediate trial in China, these results give GSK the confidence to go straight to late-stage trials, with five clinical studies planned globally in the next few months, including on patients in the UK.Presenting the results at the Society of Gynecologic Oncology’s annual meeting on women’s cancer in Puerto Rico, Hesham Abdullah, GSK’s global head of cancer research and development, said: “Treatment of gynaecological cancers remains a major challenge, with a pressing need for new therapies that offer improved response rates. With Mo-Rez we now have compelling evidence of a promising clinical profile.”Endometrial cancer affects 1.6 million women globally, with 417,000 new cases each year. Ovarian cancer affects 843,000 people, with 240,000 new cases annually.Abdullah described Mo-Rez as a “key asset” in the company’s growing cancer portfolio, expected to be a blockbuster drug with peak annual sales of more than £2bn, which GSK hopes will help it achieve its 2031 sales target of £40bn.

When a Toronto reader confessed to always using "please" and "thank you" with Alexa, the Guardian invited its audience to share their thoughts on the etiquette of speaking to artificial assistants.One camp warns against treating AI as sentient beings, arguing that these systems merely mimic social cues and that confusing imitation with reality can erode our language’s power to challenge dehumanisation. As User30000 put it, we should avoid both de‑humanising language toward people and humanising language toward machines.Conversely, several contributors argue that politeness serves as a useful human default. Lauk notes that courteous phrasing may reinforce positive behavioural cues for AI that learn from user input, while also keeping the speaker grounded in genuine social norms.From an ecological standpoint, extra words translate into measurable energy and water waste. Superspartan highlights that each unnecessary token adds processing load to already energy‑intensive models, and that the cumulative effect of polite phrasing across millions of daily interactions could be substantial.Academic research supports the idea that courteous language can improve AI performance. A linked study finds that polite prompts often elicit more helpful replies, treating modern models as "statistical parrots" that mirror the tone they receive. Yet Sam Altman has publicly estimated that responding to thank‑you notes costs OpenAI tens of millions of dollars, underscoring a tangible financial dimension to the debate.Some readers take a lighter view, extending politeness to elevators, SUVs and even low‑battery iPads, while others, like Martin from Dorset, argue that the practice protects the human soul rather than the machine.There is growing concern that habitual rudeness toward AI may spill over into real‑world interactions. Poridgeoates observes that younger users, who spend more time with technology than with people, risk weakening empathy and emotional‑intelligence muscles if they treat conversational agents dismissively.Louise adds that the way we speak to objects can shape broader social behaviour, especially where power imbalances exist. While AI itself may not feel insulted, the act of being rude can reinforce undesirable character traits in the speaker.Overall, the discussion reveals a split between those who see politeness as a harmless habit that can improve AI responses, and those who view it as an unnecessary drain on resources and a potential threat to human civility.

Malina Lee, a 31‑year‑old wedding baker from San Antonio, joined TikTok in 2020 to pass the lockdown‑induced boredom and promote her business. Four years later, an anonymous commenter called “PickleFart” noticed an asymmetrical neck in one of her videos and suggested she check for a goiter.The tip proved accurate: doctors confirmed thyroid cancer. Lee received prompt treatment and, within a year, was declared cancer‑free. She told the outlet that her oncologist was amazed at how early the disease was caught, crediting the TikTok comment as the catalyst.Lee’s experience is part of a growing trend where TikTok’s hyper‑targeted algorithm surfaces health‑related content that resonates with users’ unnoticed symptoms. In several cases, community members have flagged potential conditions that clinicians initially missed.The “PickleFart” persona belongs to Billie Jean Tuomi, who calls herself the “thyroid avenger.” A thyroid‑cancer survivor herself (diagnosed in 2012), Tuomi now scans videos for neck asymmetry and gently advises creators to seek a thyroid panel—a blood test measuring hormone levels and antibodies. The American Thyroid Association recommends adults start routine thyroid testing at age 35, or annually for high‑risk individuals.Tuomi estimates she has flagged dozens of videos, with at least four confirmed serious thyroid issues, including Lee’s. She stresses she does not claim to diagnose, merely urges viewers to consult a physician. After a viral comment, she received a flood of private messages with neck photos, prompting her to change her username.Lee, inspired by Tuomi’s intervention, has begun commenting on other users’ videos, helping one individual discover an enlarged thyroid that required removal. She describes the process as a “domino effect” of community‑driven health awareness.Medical professionals acknowledge the double‑edged nature of this phenomenon. Craig Mittleman, director of emergency services at Lawrence + Memorial Hospital, notes a rise in patients arriving with self‑diagnoses sourced from social media. While this can empower patients to ask informed questions, it also burdens clinicians with debunking misinformation.Gender disparities amplify the issue: research shows women are more likely to seek health information online, often after feeling dismissed by traditional providers. TikTok user Tori Mosser, a 23‑year‑old filmmaker, credits a direct message suggesting chronic appendicitis for prompting surgery that resolved her chronic vomiting episodes.Both Lee and Mosser emphasize the therapeutic value of finding a supportive community on TikTok, especially for invisible or chronic illnesses that are frequently minimized in clinical settings.