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The Global Bauxite Rush and Guinea's ContradictionIn the small village of Bembou Silaty, northwestern Guinea, 38-year-old Mamadou Aliou embodies the central contradiction of Guinea's bauxite boom. Working in the environmental health and safety department for a mining company while simultaneously advocating for his community's rights, Aliou represents the complex relationship between global resource demands and local realities."Before these companies arrived, we cultivated our land, and it sustained us," Aliou told Al Jazeera. "We could cover our daily needs, especially food. But now, when a piece of land is registered and belongs to a mining company, you have nothing there any more."The Strategic Value of Guinea's Bauxite ReservesGuinea holds the world's largest reserves of bauxite, the ore that becomes alumina and ultimately aluminum—a metal essential for car and aircraft frames, windows, wind turbines, and solar panels. Over the past three decades, the country has multiplied its bauxite production tenfold, with more than a dozen ongoing projects currently operating.As the global energy transition demands ever more aluminum, Guinea has found itself in a strategically crucial position. Approximately 75 percent of the bauxite exported by the country over the past decade has ended up in China, which produces 60 percent of the world's aluminum. Companies from Russia, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates have also established significant operations in the country to secure this valuable resource.Economic Disparities and Compensation ChallengesIn the traditional bauxite heartlands of Kindia and Boke, the main roads are notably well-maintained, and steady jobs in technical roles or transport logistics have created economic opportunities for some Guineans. In Bembou Silaty, however, the situation remains starkly different—a quiet village without electricity, where farming methods remain untouched by mechanization.People working in technical roles at the mine can earn up to about $300 a month, a significant sum in Guinea. For other locals who make a living from farming, most don't have a regular wage and rely on the yield from their crops. Across Guinea, an estimated half of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood.Locals in Bembou Silaty say every hectare claimed by mining is a hectare lost to farming, in a country that spent more than $500m importing rice in 2024. "They give you compensation for your land, but it's not enough, and in the end, it's mismanaged," Aliou said. "Within a month or two, someone who received 50 or 100 million Guinean francs ($5,700-11,400) has nothing left. No land, no money. They have to start over, from below zero."Environmental Degradation and Water ContaminationThe environmental impact of bauxite mining in communities like Bembou Silaty has been profound. Not all homes in the village of about 5,000 have indoor toilets and plumbing. While a new water point serves nearly all residents, the water contains iron contamination.In neighboring villages, the situation is even more dire. "Since the mining companies came, we've had this problem with the water. The children get sick, and the parents too," said Mariama Kindi Diallo, a farmer. "The doctors tell us not to drink the rain or river water. There are no roads, no school, no phone signal. What are we supposed to do? We are asking for help to have a dignified life."Environmental concerns extend beyond water contamination. Surgical holes drilled into the ground mark where mining companies have tested for bauxite—a reminder to farmers that the impact on the land is felt even before extraction begins. In a recent report, Djami Diallo, the Guinean minister of the environment and sustainable development, stated that each year, certain companies had their impact studies and evaluation reports rejected for failing to comply with environmental standards.The Government's Push for Value AdditionTo address these challenges and increase the benefits for Guinea, the government of Mamady Doumbouya, which came to power in a 2021 coup, is attempting to reorganize the mining sector. It is pressing investors to process bauxite within Guinea, ensuring a portion of the value stays in the country.Processing bauxite into aluminum can multiply its price by 37 times. Instability in Iran amid the US and Israel's war has contributed to rising aluminum prices, which surpassed $3,600 per tonne in April. Doumbouya is set to lead the country for the next seven years, after winning the December 2025 elections with nearly 87 percent of the vote.Achieving this transformation, however, requires a huge increase in electricity generation—power that is non-existent in villages like Bembou Silaty and unreliable even in the capital, Conakry. Guinea is working with neighboring Senegal on a solution: Using Senegalese gas to generate enough electricity to process its bauxite on African soil.The Global Trail of Bauxite and MigrationThe story of Guinea's bauxite extends far beyond its borders. More than 3,000km away, in Parets del Valles, Spain, the journey's end plays out. For Spain, Europe's largest consumer of Guinean bauxite, more than 90 percent of its imports come from Guinea.The aluminium produced there feeds the automotive industry and serves both industrial and domestic purposes. In Spain, there is light, hot water, paved roads—all the base elements of a decent life that remain elusive in many parts of Guinea.Increasingly, more boats are leaving directly from Guinea, towards the Canary Islands and on to mainland Europe. According to Frontex, the European Union border security agency, more Guineans arrived in the Canary Islands, Spain, in 2023 (2,324) than in the previous 13 years combined. In 2024 and 2025 combined, another 6,000 Guineans arrived.Many left, following the bauxite trail, hoping to find something more in the places where their resources are both enjoyed and exploited. "If you compare the bauxite we export with what we get in return, the difference is enormous," Aliou reflects. "We gain almost nothing. Just enough to survive."

The Humanitarian Response to Cuba's Food CrisisInternational aid has reached Cuba in the form of donated milk as the country grapples with worsening shortages of essential food products. The shipment represents a critical lifeline for Cuban families struggling to access basic nutrition amid economic difficulties.The Scale of Cuba's Milk ShortageCuba has been experiencing a significant deficit in milk production and distribution, affecting vulnerable populations including children and the elderly. The donated shipment aims to address immediate needs while longer-term solutions are developed. Local reports indicate that milk availability has decreased significantly, creating a critical situation for nutrition across the island.Economic Impact on Cuban HouseholdsThe milk shortage has had profound effects on Cuban families, with many unable to afford alternative nutritional sources. The economic challenges have made basic food items increasingly scarce. Prices for available dairy products have risen, placing additional strain on household budgets.Regional Implications of Cuba's Food Security CrisisCuba's food shortage is part of a broader regional challenge affecting several Caribbean nations. The situation has prompted increased calls for international support and has highlighted vulnerabilities in regional food systems. Neighboring countries are monitoring the situation closely, as instability in Cuba could potentially affect migration patterns and regional stability.Future Outlook for Cuba's Food SecurityExperts suggest that while the donated milk provides temporary relief, sustainable solutions will require addressing underlying economic issues and strengthening local agricultural production. International organizations are calling for comprehensive support programs that include both immediate humanitarian aid and long-term development initiatives to improve Cuba's food security infrastructure.

The Discovery of PFAS in the Solent Strait Scientists have found high levels of toxic PFAS, or “forever chemicals”, in soil, water and throughout the marine food chain in the UK’s Solent strait, including at protected environmental sites, according to a new study. Extent of the Pollution In some samples, pollution was 13 times the safe threshold for coastal waters. Others, which were below legal limits for individual chemicals, failed tests for combined toxicity. The samples were taken from the Solent strait, which runs between the Isle of Wight and the mainland, forming part of the Channel. Sources of the Chemicals The chemicals are thought to have entered the environment from wastewater treatment plants, sewage outflows, historic landfills and nearby military sites. Researchers analysed government data, testing at water utilities, and their own samples from a dozen species of fish, seaweed and invertebrates. Impact on the Environment They found PFAS were entering the Solent in treated effluent from wastewater plants in Portsmouth and Fareham operated by Southern Water, the utility that provides drinking water and sewerage for Kent, Sussex, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. The study also mapped 194 combined sewer overflow outfalls and more than 500 nearby historic landfills that researchers believe could also contribute to the pollution. Calls for Action Researchers said their findings highlighted the need to monitor chemicals in combination and to make a blanket ban on PFAS part of the government’s water reform agenda. Prof Alex Ford, a biologist at the University of Portsmouth and one of the study’s authors, said: “If there was an oil spill in the Solent that industry would have to pay for the restoration of those habitats, but that doesn’t happen with sewage.” Future Outlook The EU is moving towards a blanket PFAS ban, probably with some exceptions for medicine and other critical uses. The British government said it would consult on setting limits for the chemicals and carry out further tests when its own PFAS plan was published in February, promising a “framework … to understand where these chemicals are coming from, how they spread and how to reduce public and environmental exposure”.

The Family's Mission to Save the Glutinous Snail Ian Hughes and his son, Ben, are driving through the hills of north Wales with an array of homemade animal artefacts. They finally reach Llyn Tegid – Bala Lake, where, knee-deep in the water, Ian brandishes two glutinous snails. The snails have been driven to extinction in England by poor water quality. Pollutants from agriculture and industry have ruined their habitats in ponds, ditches, lakes, and streams. The lake in Gwynedd hosts the last remaining wild population of glutinous snails in Britain. The Conservation Efforts Hughes has dedicated more than a decade to conserving the tiny mollusc and other rare species. This year, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) has listed the snail as one of the threatened species that will benefit from a £60m government funding boost. With the funding, the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums will receive support to build ark populations of the glutinous snail, while the Freshwater Habitats Trust hopes to use new resources to find locations suited to wild reintroductions. The Impact of Conservation Hughes's passion for invertebrates extends to convincing other people to care about them. He writes children's books, which Ben illustrates, about the species he has studied, and the pair sell T-shirts showcasing their wildlife drawings. Ben says, 'Well, why do we matter? We're part of a huge living system. If you take a cog out of a machine, it doesn't work any more.' The Future of the Glutinous Snail Now, Hughes hopes the Defra funding will help the conservation efforts he has long championed. The goal is to keep the snails moving and preserve their population. By continually moving snails from one container to another, Hughes and his family aim to prevent the water from becoming polluted and ensure the survival of the species.

The LeadSéamas O'Reilly's debut novel "Prestige Drama" presents a brilliant wry comedy set in Derry, where a Hollywood actor disappears while filming a TV series about the Troubles. The novel transcends its intriguing premise to explore how places become defined by historical moments, and how stories about such places often fall into predictable formulas.Multiple Perspectives on Historical TraumaO'Reilly uses the TV series "Dead City" as a starting point to weave through different characters connected to the production. From a stressed scriptwriter to a local historian questioning how to talk about the past while still living it, the novel creates a patchwork portrait of the city. This approach echoes Tommy Orange's "There, There," which used multiple voices to explore Native American lives. Each character speaks directly to the reader, revealing their complex relationship with Derry's history and the Hollywood production that has descended upon the city.Commodification of MemoryThe novel masterfully examines how historical trauma becomes marketable. O'Reilly has a keen eye for absurdities: the artist who once painted Bogside murals now doing lecture tours with a "wee moustache and crucifix earring like a plastic Provo"; the ex-IRA hitman offering services as a "consultant." Those once bound by silence now demonstrate how to make a bottle bomb for the cameras. The locals, facing economic necessity, take work that perpetuates clichés—local painters recreate old murals for film sets, while aspiring actors see the production as their only chance to escape.The Haunting of HistoryThis recreation and commodification of the past creates a kind of haunting. The novel is permeated by different ways in which the dead remain inescapable. Ann-Marie, whose son was shot by a British soldier and whose image now appears on book covers and "bloody tea-towels," delivers one of the novel's most powerful voices: "My heart is small and hard, wind-bleached like seaside beach seats." Her reflection on those who came home safely after her son was killed—"It wasn't their fault and I'll never forgive them"—captures the unfixable contradictions of grief.A New Voice in Irish LiteratureBuilding on his previous memoir "Did Ye Hear Mammy Died?"—described as "heartbreakingly funny"—O'Reilly demonstrates a rare gift for moving between opposing tones. The humor in "Prestige Drama" is skillfully weaponized, allowing him to address subjects we often tiptoe around. His language is gloriously vivid, as when a hungover man wakes up "slowly, like a column of dog food muscling its way out of a tin." While some readers may wish the missing actor thread had more prominence, the novel's true focus is on the ordinary people behind the televised version of events, offering a polyphonic exploration of how history continues to shape the present.

The RSF Attack on Civilians A force affiliated with the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has killed at least 27 people, including elderly residents, in an attack on villages west of Bara in Sudan's North Kordofan state, according to the Sudan Doctors Network. The Cairo-based medical NGO said the attacks took place on Thursday in the al-Murrah area, describing them as “a new crime targeting unarmed civilians in areas with no military presence”. The Humanitarian Crisis in Sudan Sudan has been engulfed in civil war since April 2023, when long-running tensions between the Sudanese army and the RSF erupted into a full-scale conflict that has killed hundreds of thousands of people and displaced millions. The Kordofan region has become one of the war's main battlegrounds, with fighting intensifying across several fronts, including through drone attacks. The Impact on Civilians The Sudan Doctors Network said that “targeting villages and civilian areas and executing citizens in such a brutal manner constitutes a flagrant violation of international humanitarian law and all norms and conventions that prohibit attacks on civilians, especially amid the catastrophic humanitarian conditions people are enduring because of the ongoing war”. The group added that the “continued attacks on civilians and safe villages” are worsening the humanitarian crisis and forcing more families into displacement, suffering and the loss of their livelihoods. The Food Security Situation The attacks come as more than 40 percent of Sudan's population faces acute hunger, according to a report released on Thursday by the United Nations-backed Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC). The report said nearly 19.5 million people across the country are facing severe food insecurity as the conflict drives what aid agencies describe as one of the world's worst humanitarian crises. The Call to Action The Sudan Doctors Network also called on the “international community and human rights and humanitarian organizations to condemn these violations and act urgently to protect civilians and stop the repeated attacks on residential areas by pressuring RSF leaders to end violations against civilians”.

The Curfew Announcement Ras Baraka, the mayor of Newark in New Jersey, has imposed a curfew on the area surrounding Delaney Hall, the immigration detention centre that has become a flashpoint in the debate over United States President Donald Trump’s mass deportation drive. Escalating Tensions at Delaney Hall The Sunday morning announcement came amid a flare-up in tensions outside the detention centre, which is run by the private contractor GEO Group, as part of a 15-year deal with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). “Due to the escalating situation at Delaney Hall and the increasing need for police intervention, immediate action is required to protect public safety,” Baraka wrote in a statement. “Multiple individuals have already been arrested and found in possession of weapons, underscoring the seriousness of the threat.” Details of the Curfew As part of the curfew, movement will be restricted within half a mile (0.8km) of the detention centre between the hours of 9pm and 6am US Eastern time (1:00 to 10:00 GMT). A nearby road, Doremus Avenue, will also be closed to pedestrians and vehicles that cannot verify their need to be in the area. The Ongoing Protests and Controversies Since the reopening of Delaney Hall as an immigration detention facility last year, it has been the site of confrontations between law enforcement and protesters, including Mayor Baraka himself. The month of May has seen more than a week of daily protests outside Delaney Hall, after lawyers for the detainees at Delaney Hall announced a hunger strike was unfolding inside. Detainees have denounced the living conditions to human rights groups, reporting expired food, a lack of medical care and abuse at the hands of authorities. The Impact on Protests and Future Actions Governor Mikie Sherrill called for the establishment of designated protest zones, to mitigate the likelihood of conflict between officers and demonstrators. But clashes have continued. Overnight on Wednesday, six protesters were arrested. Politicians themselves have encountered tense interactions at Delaney Hall. A year ago, one protest resulted in trespassing charges against Mayor Baraka and assault charges against US Representative LaMonica McIver, after a disagreement over which officials could enter the facility for an inspection.

High‑resolution satellite imagery released on 25 February 2026 reveals that the Sheikh Mohammed cemetery in Khan Younis has been erased and turned into an Israeli military outpost, while entire neighbourhoods across southern Gaza have been reduced to rubble. The visual evidence, highlighted by Al Jazeera, illustrates a broader pattern of territorial expansion and cultural erasure. Satellite proof of Gaza’s reshaped landscape The updated Google‑Earth layers show the former cemetery, residential blocks in Rafah, the Swedish‑built coastal village, and the Hamad City housing project all replaced by fortified positions, tents and debris. The images capture the disappearance of streets, the flattening of the 752‑unit Tal as‑Sultan housing project, and the conversion of the Rafah border crossing into a heavily fortified military zone. Human‑cost statistics from the ground and from monitors 73,000 Palestinians killed since the conflict escalated. 94 % of Gaza’s cemeteries fully or partially destroyed (Euro‑Med Human Rights Monitor). 97 % of schools damaged or destroyed, leaving 658,000 children without formal education. 1.9 million of 2.3 million residents internally displaced. 60 % of the population has lost their homes completely. Only 5 % of Gaza’s agricultural land remains usable (FAO). Israeli forces now control roughly 70 % of the Strip, up from 60 % earlier this year (leaked video of Benjamin Netanyahu). Implications for the humanitarian and geopolitical landscape The systematic demolition of cemeteries, schools and farms not only erases physical landmarks but also attacks collective memory and food security. With agricultural output slashed to under five percent, experts warn Gaza is on the brink of famine. The loss of educational infrastructure threatens a generation of Palestinians, while the expanding occupation deepens violations of the October cease‑fire and raises the risk of a protracted, “permanent” status quo, as warned by UN envoy Nickolay Mladenov. What lies ahead: risks and possible international responses If the current trajectory continues, Gaza could face a full‑scale famine within months, prompting urgent calls for a new cease‑fire and humanitarian corridors. International pressure may increase as documentation of cultural erasure and mass displacement fuels advocacy campaigns. However, without a clear shift in Israeli policy or renewed diplomatic engagement, the occupation could solidify, making reconstruction and return of displaced families increasingly unlikely.

The Pavlovian Paradox: Mosquitoes Learn to Associate DEET with FoodFor decades, the efficacy of DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) has been attributed solely to its chemical properties, which are believed to either repel insects or block their ability to detect humans. However, a new study led by Professor Claudio Lazzari from the University of Tours suggests a more complex behavioral interaction. The research indicates that mosquitoes can learn to associate the scent of DEET with the presence of a blood meal, effectively turning a repellent into a lure through a process similar to Pavlovian conditioning.Experimental Evidence: From Repellent to LureThe study, published in the Journal of Experimental Biology, involved trapping mosquitoes and presenting them with warm blood that was just out of reach. The insects were simultaneously exposed to DEET. The results demonstrated a significant shift in behavior:Trained Group: 60% of mosquitoes that fed while exposed to DEET subsequently attempted to bite when exposed to the repellent alone.Control Groups: Significantly lower percentages were observed in untrained insects (17%) and those with prior exposure to DEET alone (13%).In a real-world test, nearly 60% of the trained mosquitoes attempted to bite a researcher's DEET-treated hand, whereas untrained mosquitoes universally targeted the untreated hand.Redefining Insect Control StrategiesThis discovery represents a significant shift in our understanding of how repellents work. It suggests that the reaction to DEET is not merely a chemical aversion but can be modified by experience. Experts, including Dr. Nina Stanczyk of ETH Zürich, emphasize that while the learning ability of mosquitoes is impressive, the implications for public health are nuanced. The study highlights that repellents may function differently depending on the context of the mosquito's previous interactions with humans.Future Outlook for TravelersDespite the alarming findings, experts urge travelers not to abandon DEET. The consensus is that this phenomenon occurs under specific laboratory conditions and is unlikely to happen frequently in the wild due to the variability of repellents encountered during different blood meals. The key takeaway for the future is the importance of consistent application. As noted by the researchers, the risk of association is highest when the repellent starts to wear off, reinforcing the need for regular reapplication to maintain protection.