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The Humanitarian Crisis in the Strait of HormuzStranded at an Iranian port for nearly 10 weeks, Indian seafarer Anish has unintentionally become a firsthand witness to the Iran war. Anish arrived in the Shatt al-Arab waterway on a cargo ship days before United States President Donald Trump launched "Operation Epic Fury" on February 28. He has been stuck on the vessel ever since, facing dangerous conditions and uncertainty about when he can return home.Civilian Crews Caught in Military Crossfire"We've faced the whole situation here, the war, the missiles," Anish, who was granted a pseudonym after agreeing to speak on condition of anonymity, told Al Jazeera. "Our minds are terribly distracted." Some of his fellow Indian seafarers have been able to return home by crossing Iran's 44km land border with Armenia, but many others have remained because they are still waiting to get paid. "Some are stuck because of their Indian agents; they are not getting their salaries," Anish said, referring to the middlemen who recruit seafarers, manage payrolls and take care of other employee matters on behalf of shipping firms.The Scale of the Maritime StandstillAnish's predicament is one faced by an estimated 20,000 seafarers stranded since Iran in effect shut the Strait of Hormuz in retaliation for the United States and Israel's attacks on the country. Before the war, the strait functioned as one of the world's most critical shipping routes, carrying about one-fifth of global oil and gas supplies, and one-third of the seaborne fertiliser trade. Despite the announcement of a tenuous ceasefire between Washington and Tehran on April 7, maritime traffic has remained at a standstill amid recurrent attacks in and around the waterway.Economic and Human Toll of the ConflictThe United Nations International Maritime Organization estimates that at least 10 seafarers have been killed since the start of the war. Iran's merchant marine union reported that at least 44 Iranian seafarers, including dockworkers and fishermen, had been killed as of April 1. While seafarers on board vessels operated by major international shipping lines have been receiving hazard pay and other assistance, some seafarers working with smaller operations are struggling to get paid or have their basic needs met, according to labor groups.Global Supply Chain DisruptionThe strait's closure has created significant disruptions to global supply chains. Lloyd's List reported that at least four commercial ships were fired upon in recent days, while a container ship operated by French company CMA CGM reported coming under attack while crossing the waterway. The longer the war drags on, the higher the risk that ship operators will abandon their vessels without settling all outstanding pay, according to seafarers' advocates.Psychological Impact on SeafarersSteven Jones, the founder of the "Seafarer Happiness Index," said seafarers' self-reported wellbeing score has fallen about 5 percent during the war. Seafarers have described seeing Iranian drones and missiles flying at low altitude. "One told us: 'What scares me the most is the thought of an intercepted drone or missile falling on us,'" Jones said. Other seafarers have reported dwindling food supplies and preparing escape plans.The Legal and Logistical ChallengesCrew rotation has become a major pressure point for ships. Under the 2006 Maritime Labour Convention – an international treaty ratified by 111 countries, including China, India, Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom – the maximum time a seafarer can be required to serve on board is 12 months. While seafarers have a legal right to leave their vessel beyond this period, unstable conditions have made repatriation a complicated and expensive prospect.Mine Warfare in Critical WaterwaysFor the stranded seafarers, there is also the question of finding a safe route out of the strait, where Iran has reportedly laid sea mines. US officials told The New York Times last month that Tehran had laid the mines haphazardly and was unable to locate all of them. "There has been a lot of speculation about more precise numbers, but the fact is that we don't know; uncertainty is central to mine warfare, and creating uncertainty about risk is part of the point of conducting it," Scott Savitz, a senior engineer at the US-based Rand Corporation who has studied naval mine warfare, told Al Jazeera.Uncertain Path Forward for SeafarersEven if the strait were to reopen tomorrow, trade flows would take some time to return to normal due to damaged regional infrastructure, maxed-out storage facilities across the Gulf and a backlog of exports, according to shipping and logistics experts. The IMO announced in late April that it was working on an evacuation plan that prioritizes ships based on humanitarian need, but that "all parties" involved in the conflict would need to refrain from attacks for such an operation to proceed.Personal Stories of Stranded WorkersAnish, the Indian seafarer, said he has not been paid by his Dubai-based agent for nine months. He is supposed to receive a payment in US dollars later this month, but he is worried that his company may withhold the sum. "My contract finish date is the 20th of May," Anish said. "Maybe the company will provide my salary after that," he said. "I don't know."Future Outlook for Global Maritime Trade"It's a very dangerous moment," the ITF's Cotton said. "We're all saying the same – don't transit unless you know it's safe – but I don't think anyone really knows what's safe any more." Savitz said that it would be possible to establish an exit corridor in a few days, but clearing the strait of mines could take weeks or even months. "Iran has stated that it has laid mines in and around the Strait of Hormuz, but it's possible that they have laid them in other areas," Savitz said.

The Lead: Macron's Diplomatic Efforts French President Emmanuel Macron has started a tour of East Africa as Paris seeks to rebuild its influence on the continent after a series of setbacks, especially in its former West African colonies. Macron's Tour and Its Objectives Macron began the three-country tour in Egypt on Saturday, which will also take him to Kenya and Ethiopia. He will cohost a summit in English-speaking Kenya on Monday and Tuesday as France seeks to redefine its role in Africa, moving away from its postcolonial role towards closer cooperation. Economic Cooperation and Summit The summit will bring together African leaders and business executives, with several agreements between French and Kenyan companies set to be signed during the visit to boost economic and commercial cooperation. The “Africa Forward” summit will be the first in an Anglophone country attended by Macron since he took office in 2017. Africa's Changing Balance of Power Africa’s changing balance of power is a significant factor in Macron's tour. France colonised large parts of West and Central Africa, and maintained excessive political and economic influence long after independence. However, there is a growing push for more equal, win-win partnerships, tighter control over natural resources and broader alliances beyond traditional Western partners. The Sahel Region: A Turning Point Anti-French sentiment has generally grown alongside political instability, military coups and rising competition from other international powers. The sharpest rupture has come in the Sahel region, where Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger have seen coups followed by rapidly deteriorating relations with France. Can Macron Succeed in Reshaping France's Africa Policy? Macron is seeking to reshape France’s Africa policy, replacing traditional influence with what he calls partnerships. He is also pushing for deeper cultural and educational cooperation focused on entrepreneurship, climate and youth engagement. Such efforts are seen as France’s attempt to reinvent its postcolonial relationship with African states and compete with powers like China and Russia.

The 72‑Day Standoff Between Iran and the United StatesSince the war began on 28 February 2026, the United States and Iran have been locked in a series of military and diplomatic moves. As of Sunday, 10 May 2026, the conflict is on day 72, with Washington awaiting Tehran's answer to a new proposal aimed at ending hostilities.Escalation on the Ground: Israel’s Air Campaign in Southern LebanonIsraeli jets struck more than 10 towns in southern Lebanon, killing at least 24 people. The Israeli military also reported intercepting a “suspicious aerial target” and hitting over 40 Hezbollah infrastructure sites over the weekend.Numbers That Matter: Casualties, Ship Disruptions, and Economic StakesCasualties in Lebanon: 24 dead from the latest Israeli wave.Maritime incidents: a bulk carrier hit by an unknown projectile 23 nm northeast of Doha; a Qatari LNG tanker made its first post‑war transit through the Strait of Hormuz.U.S. Central Command reports: 4 Iranian ships disabled and 58 commercial vessels barred from Iranian ports since 13 April 2026.Regional Ripple Effects: Diplomatic Maneuvers and Security ConcernsPakistan: Field Marshal Asim Munir pledged continued mediation between Washington and Tehran.Qatar: Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani met U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Vice President JD Vance to discuss broader Middle‑East security.UAE: Deputy Prime Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan voiced solidarity with Bahrain after arrests of 41 Iran‑linked operatives.Russia: President Vladimir Putin offered to oversee the transfer and storage of Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile.What Comes Next? Scenarios for De‑Escalation or Further ConflictAnalysts see three possible trajectories:Diplomatic breakthrough: If Tehran replies positively to the U.S. proposal, a cease‑fire could be formalised, easing pressure on shipping lanes and allowing humanitarian aid into southern Lebanon.Stalemate: Continued silence from Tehran would keep the status quo, with intermittent strikes and naval skirmishes persisting.Escalation: A miscalculation—such as another IRGC threat to “enemy ships”—could trigger broader naval engagements involving the UK, France, and possibly NATO forces.For now, the region remains on edge, and the next diplomatic signal from Tehran will likely dictate the pace of any de‑escalation.

The LeadLibya's largest functioning oil refinery has resumed full operations after fighting over the past two days forced a complete shutdown of the facility. The Zawiya refinery, located about 40km west of Tripoli, was forced to halt operations and evacuate all tankers from the port when heavy shelling struck multiple locations inside the facility.The Event DetailsThe emergency shutdown occurred after fighting erupted near the facility in Zawiya on Friday. According to the operator Azzawiya Oil Refining Company, the plant was forced to shut completely, and all tankers were evacuated from the port. Libya's National Oil Corporation (NOC) reported that several high-calibre projectiles landed in various parts of the oil complex but noted there had been no significant damage at that time.The Data AnalysisThe Zawiya refinery has a significant capacity of 120,000 barrels per day (bpd), making it Libya's largest functioning oil facility. It is strategically connected to the 300,000-bpd Sharara oilfield, which enhances its importance in the country's oil infrastructure. Despite the shutdown, NOC confirmed that fuel supplies to Tripoli and surrounding areas had not been affected by the disruption.The Impact AnalysisThe incident highlights the persistent security challenges facing Libya's oil industry, which has been plagued by unrest since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. Zawiya has seen repeated fighting that has at times forced the closure of the coastal road to the Tunisian border, disrupting both commercial and military logistics. The security directorate of Zawiya described the recent incident as a 'security operation against outlaws,' indicating ongoing tensions in the region.The PredictionWhile the refinery has resumed operations, the incident underscores the vulnerability of Libya's oil infrastructure to localized conflicts. Given the country's history of instability, similar disruptions may continue to affect production capabilities. However, NOC's ability to quickly restore operations and maintain fuel supplies demonstrates the resilience of Libya's oil management systems, suggesting that while short-term disruptions are likely, long-term production capacity remains intact despite the security challenges.

The diplomatic chessboard between Washington and Tehran has reached a critical juncture. As the US waits for a response to a sweeping 14-point proposal designed to end the regional conflict and reopen the Strait of Hormuz, Tehran is signaling a deliberate delay, demanding a "fair and comprehensive" agreement rather than a rushed settlement. The Anatomy of the 14-Point Proposal The core of the US strategy hinges on a strict, time-bound technical framework. The proposal requires Iran to freeze its nuclear enrichment program for at least 12 years and hand over an estimated 440kg of uranium currently enriched to 60 percent. Furthermore, Tehran is expected to reopen the Strait of Hormuz within 30 days, a vital chokepoint for global energy markets. Key US Demands: 12-year nuclear freeze, hand over 440kg of uranium, reopen Strait of Hormuz. US Incentives: Sanctions relief and release of frozen assets. Current Status: Iran is reviewing the text; no official response yet. The Energy Crisis Context The urgency behind these talks is driven by the global energy crisis triggered by Tehran’s de facto blockade of the Strait of Hormuz. This waterway is the conduit for one-fifth of the world's crude oil and gas. The US decision to impose a naval blockade has escalated tensions, resulting in sporadic skirmishes that threaten to disrupt global supply chains further. Internal Power Dynamics and Regional Leverage Analysts suggest the delay is not merely bureaucratic but a calculated move to consolidate power and test US resolve. The proposal is described as an "extremely technical text," requiring approval from multiple Iranian power centers, culminating in a green light from Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei. Iran is reportedly pursuing a "three-phase approach" that goes beyond the immediate ceasefire. They are demanding guarantees to permanently end the war on all fronts, including involving Hezbollah in Lebanon, and insisting on UN Security Council oversight—a demand the US has historically struggled to meet. Outlook: A Fragile Path to Negotiation The friction between the two sides is palpable. While President Donald Trump expresses optimism that a deal is "very possible," Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi has questioned the reliability of US leadership, citing past military adventures during negotiations. The immediate future hinges on whether Tehran can secure the strategic concessions it seeks—specifically maintaining influence over the Strait of Hormuz and avoiding a dismantling of its nuclear infrastructure. Until these internal and external conditions are met, the diplomatic window remains open but narrow.

The Fragile Ceasefire Tested by Drone AttacksA fragile ceasefire in the US-Israel war on Iran is coming under growing strain as several Gulf countries have reported drone attacks. Qatar confirmed that a drone struck a cargo ship in its waters, sparking a fire, while Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates reported repelling drone attacks. Though no casualties were reported in these incidents, they have intensified pressure on the ceasefire agreement that took effect on April 8.Strategic Waterway Becomes BattlegroundThe naval confrontation in the Gulf region has escalated, with Iran restricting traffic through the Strait of Hormuz—a critical waterway through which a fifth of global oil trade transpired before the conflict. Meanwhile, the United States has imposed a blockade on Iranian ports. This strategic chokepoint has become a focal point of tensions, with multiple attacks reported on commercial vessels in recent days.Escalating Military ActionsThe military situation has deteriorated significantly over the past week. On Friday, the US struck two Iranian oil tankers, claiming they were attempting to breach its blockade of Iranian ports. The UAE reported consecutive attacks from Iranian missiles and drones, which Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) denied. In response, the IRGC Navy has warned that any attack on Iranian vessels would trigger a "heavy assault" on US military bases in the region.Diplomatic Efforts Amid Rising TensionsDespite the escalating violence, diplomatic efforts continue. Qatar's Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani has engaged in mediation, meeting with US Secretary of State Marc Rubio and speaking with Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi. Qatar is urging all parties to respond to mediation efforts and reach a lasting peace agreement. Iran is currently evaluating a 14-point proposal from Washington, with frozen assets and war reparations among the contentious issues.Regional Implications and Future OutlookThe situation remains precarious, with both sides exchanging threats while attempting to maintain the ceasefire. Iranian officials have emphasized that their "restraint is over" and warned against further aggression. Meanwhile, Iranian citizens express mixed sentiments, showing both nationalist support and frustration over economic difficulties caused by the conflict. The coming weeks will be critical in determining whether diplomatic efforts can de-escalate tensions or if the fragile ceasefire will completely collapse, potentially leading to a wider regional conflict.

The Dawn of Accountability in DamascusThe trial of Atef Najib represents a pivotal moment in post-war Syria, signaling the new administration's intent to dismantle the legacy of the Assad regime. As the former head of political security in Deraa, Najib stands at the center of a legal battle that could set a precedent for how the Syrian state handles the atrocities committed during the 14-year civil war.From Deraa to the Dock: The Charges Against Atef NajibFormal Indictment: Najib appeared in the Fourth Criminal Court in Damascus on Sunday, charged with at least 10 crimes including murder, torture, and responsibility for massacres.The Spark of the War: Prosecutors allege Najib oversaw the violent crackdown on antigovernment protesters in Deraa in 2011, specifically citing the arrest and torture of teenagers who wrote graffiti on a school wall—a incident that ignited the broader uprising.Visual Context: The former official appeared in a cage and wearing a striped prison uniform, a stark visual contrast to his former status as a high-ranking security operative.The Numbers of Retribution: 75 Plaintiffs and the Absent DefendantsThe proceedings are not merely a state prosecution but a reckoning with the victims of the conflict. The trial is backed by 75 plaintiffs who have filed cases against Najib and are expected to provide testimony. However, the trial also highlights the challenges of justice, as key figures like Bashar al-Assad and his brother Maher remain tried in absentia, having fled to Russia in late 2024.A Test of Legitimacy for the New Syrian AdministrationThe interim government of President Ahmed al-Sharaa faces immense pressure to deliver on its promise of transitional justice. Critics have long accused the new leadership of delaying accountability, yet the aggressive pursuit of Najib suggests a strategic pivot. By prosecuting a figure as high-profile as Najib, the administration aims to demonstrate that the era of impunity for security officials is over, potentially stabilizing the region by addressing the grievances of the opposition.The Future of Assad-Era Justice: A Precarious Path ForwardWhile the trial of Atef Najib is a historic step, it is likely just the beginning of a broader purge. Analysts predict a wave of similar legal actions targeting former security chiefs and military commanders. However, the success of this process will depend on the fairness of the judiciary and the willingness of the international community to support the new Syrian state in its reconstruction efforts.

Diplomatic Tensions Rise Over Detention Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has demanded the release of a Spaniard who was detained during a recent aid flotilla operation in Gaza. Sanchez made the call during a conversation with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Background on the Aid Flotilla Incident The aid flotilla, aimed at delivering humanitarian assistance to Gaza, was intercepted by Israeli forces. The incident resulted in the detention of several individuals, including the Spaniard in question. The Humanitarian Context Gaza has faced significant humanitarian challenges, including a blockade and military operations. Aid flotillas have been a recurring attempt to deliver assistance to the region. Spain-Israel Relations The detention has strained relations between Spain and Israel. Sanchez's government has been vocal about its concerns regarding human rights and the treatment of detainees. Potential Diplomatic Fallout The situation may lead to further diplomatic tensions between Spain and Israel, potentially affecting cooperation in areas such as trade and security. Next Steps It remains to be seen how Netanyahu will respond to Sanchez's demands. The international community is closely watching the developments, with many urging restraint and respect for human rights.

The Investigation into Military Base Attacks Malian authorities say they are investigating soldiers suspected of involvement in a wave of simultaneous attacks on army bases across the country last week, claimed by an al-Qaeda affiliate and separatists. The Suspects and Arrests A prosecutor at a military tribunal near the capital, Bamako, said in a statement on Friday that five suspects had been identified, including three active-duty soldiers, one retired person and a soldier who was killed in fighting near a Bamako army base. Five suspects identified Three active-duty soldiers One retired person One soldier who was killed in fighting “The first arrests have been successfully carried out, and all other perpetrators, co-perpetrators, and accomplices are actively being sought,” the statement said. The Impact of the Attacks The coordinated assault on the morning of April 25 struck at the heart of the West African country’s ⁠military government, which took power after coups in 2020 and 2021. The defence minister was killed and Russian forces backing the government were forced out of the northern town of Kidal, which al-Qaeda-linked Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) and Tuareg separatists of the Liberation Front for Azawad (FLA) now control. The Future Outlook JNIM has called on Malians to rise up against the government and transition to Islamic law. The group has also ‌pledged to besiege Bamako, and on Friday security sources told the Reuters news agency it had set up checkpoints around the city of four million. Military leader Assimi Goita said in ‌a ‌televised address on Tuesday that the situation was under control and promised to “neutralise” the armed groups behind the attacks.