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Al Jazeera's latest investigation reveals a deepening humanitarian emergency in northern Nigeria, where renewed insurgent activity, soaring displacement figures, and strained aid operations are reshaping the region's stability.The Resurgence of Insurgency in Northern NigeriaKey actors: Boko Haram and its splinter group ISWAP intensify attacks across Niger, Kaduna, and Borno states.Timeline: Since January 2026, over 150 coordinated assaults have been reported, targeting villages, schools, and market centers.Motivation: Groups exploit food insecurity and weak local governance to expand territorial control.Humanitarian Toll: Displacement and Casualties in NumbersDisplaced persons: UN OCHA estimates 2.3 million people forced from their homes in the past six months.Casualties: 1,200 civilians killed and 3,500 injured since the start of 2026.Aid gaps: Only 58% of the required funding for emergency shelters and nutrition has been secured.Regional Ripple Effects: Security and Economic StrainBorder insecurity: Spillover attacks into neighboring Cameroon and Niger heighten cross‑border tensions.Economic impact: Agricultural output in the affected states has dropped by 22%, threatening food security for an additional 5 million people.Government response: The federal military has deployed an extra 5,000 troops, but logistical challenges limit effectiveness.Looking Ahead: Scenarios for Stability and AidOptimistic outlook: Accelerated diplomatic talks with regional partners could lead to a joint security framework by Q4 2026.Risk scenario: If funding shortfalls persist, displacement could exceed 3 million by early 2027, deepening the humanitarian crisis.Action points: International donors are urged to meet the remaining $1.2 billion funding gap; NGOs need unhindered access to conflict zones.

Scientists have observed a unique survival strategy among the Barbary macaques of Gibraltar: intentional soil consumption, or geophagy. The troops, which number approximately 230 individuals, are increasingly turning to the red clay and tar-clogged soil of the Rock to settle their stomachs after consuming the processed snacks provided by tourists. This behavior appears to be a direct physiological response to the disruption of their gut microbiomes caused by a diet high in fats, sugars, and salts. Key Developments Observation of Geophagy: Researchers recorded 44 instances of soil eating by 44 different monkeys between summer 2022 and spring 2024. Seasonal Patterns: Soil consumption and junk food intake peak during the holiday season and drop significantly in winter when tourist numbers fall by 40%. Troop Differences: Monkeys in the most tourist-heavy areas, such as the top of the Rock, are twice as likely to eat junk food and soil compared to isolated groups. Specific Diets: The macaques have developed a distinct taste for human fare, favoring Magnums and Cornettos over sorbet, and have even learned to favor specific soil types, such as the red clay found across Gibraltar or tar-clogged soil from road potholes. Data & Market Impact Approximately 20% of the macaques' total caloric intake comes from human-provided junk food. This statistic underscores the scale of the ecological shift occurring in the territory. The correlation between proximity to tourists and the frequency of geophagy suggests that the monkeys are not instinctively eating dirt, but are actively self-medicating to mitigate the negative effects of a processed diet. Why This Matters This phenomenon highlights the unintended consequences of wildlife tourism. While feeding monkeys is often viewed as a harmless interaction, it fundamentally alters the animals' nutritional needs and digestive health. The reliance on junk food disrupts the delicate balance of the gut microbiome, which is essential for nutrient absorption and immune function. For the local ecosystem and tourism industry, this raises concerns about the long-term health of the macaque population, which is a major attraction for visitors to Gibraltar. Expert Insight Dr. Sylvain Lemoine, a primate behavioural ecologist at the University of Cambridge, explains that the soil acts as a buffer for the digestive system. “We think that eating this junk food disrupts the composition of the microbiome, and we know that bacteria and minerals in soil can help recompose the microbiome,” Lemoine stated. However, Dr. Paula Pebsworth of the University of Texas at San Antonio warns that while geophagy is a coping mechanism, it is not a perfect solution. She notes that the soil near the monkeys is often contaminated with pollutants from non-electric vehicles, potentially introducing new toxins into the animals' systems. What Happens Next Future research must prioritize analyzing the soil samples for heavy metals and pollutants to fully understand the risks of this behavior. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for stricter enforcement of wildlife protection laws. As Dr. Pebsworth suggests, the most effective management approach is to reduce or eliminate the provisioning of human foods, allowing the macaques to return to a natural diet and reducing the reliance on geophagy as a digestive crutch.

Lead: A hidden humanitarian tragedy unfolds in Gaza’s neonatal wardsIn the overcrowded neonatal unit of Nasser Hospital in southern Gaza, newborns are battling life‑threatening congenital anomalies that health officials say are unprecedented. The surge reflects the broader devastation of Israel’s ongoing war, which has crippled food, water, and medical supplies for pregnant women and infants.Escalating congenital anomalies in Gaza’s neonatal wardsStories like that of Osama, a two‑month‑old born with a heart defect and enlarged brain ventricles, illustrate the grim reality. His mother Najia Zurub endured a pregnancy marked by severe food scarcity and lack of safe drinking water, delivering early under dire conditions. Other infants—Ahmed (hydrocephalus), Suheir (multiple facial deformities), and the recently deceased Iyal—share the same ward, underscoring a pattern of non‑genetic, war‑induced health issues.Staggering rise in stillbirths and neonatal deathsCongenital anomaly cases doubled in 2025 compared with 2022.Stillbirths surged by 140% over the same period.Neonatal deaths reached 457 last year, a 50% increase from pre‑war levels.Since the conflict began, at least 20,000 children have been killed.These figures were presented by the Gaza Ministry of Health and attributed by Zaher al‑Wahidi, director of the Health Information Unit, to five interlinked factors:Widespread hungerSevere decline in healthcare servicesOvercrowding in shelters and hospitalsExposure to contaminated drinking waterOngoing effects of Israeli air attacksHumanitarian and health system collapse under war conditionsPaediatrician Asaad al‑Nawajha explains that many of these anomalies develop when a fetus is exposed to adverse environmental stressors during the first trimester, a critical window for organ formation. With medical resources depleted, doctors warn that many affected infants cannot receive adequate treatment, compounding the mortality crisis.Live births in Gaza fell by more than 30% at the height of the bombardment and have only partially recovered, leaving a generation of children born into a fragile, under‑resourced system.Outlook for Gaza’s newborn health amid ongoing conflictIf the ceasefire remains fragile and daily attacks continue, the health system’s capacity to address these congenital conditions will further deteriorate. International humanitarian aid focused on nutrition, clean water, and medical supplies is essential to curb the rising tide of stillbirths and birth defects. Without a sustained reduction in hostilities, Gaza’s newborns face a prolonged battle for survival that extends far beyond the immediate dangers of war.

The nearly two-month-long Iran conflict has sent shockwaves through global markets, driving up the cost of fuel and fertiliser. However, the true impact on food prices is a delayed reaction, creating a precarious situation where the immediate threat is a potential global food catastrophe, yet the current reality is a mixed signal of stability and rising costs. Key Developments Strait of Hormuz Disruption: The closure of this vital waterway, which carries one-third of global seaborne fertiliser and one-quarter of seaborne oil, is the primary driver of current market anxiety. FAO Warning: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has issued a stark warning that a prolonged closure could trigger a global food "catastrophe." Vulnerable Regions: Nations in the Global South, including India, Bangladesh, Egypt, Somalia, and Sudan, are identified as being at the highest risk of acute food shortages. US-Iran Ceasefire: With a two-week ceasefire between the US and Iran expiring, the political landscape remains volatile, with President Trump indicating a reluctance to extend the truce. Data & Market Impact While the headlines suggest chaos, the data presents a nuanced picture. Global food prices rose by 2.4% last month, with cereal prices edging up by 1.5%. However, this is still 11% below the average prices seen in 2022 during the Ukraine crisis. Record Stocks: Despite the war, global cereal stocks are at an all-time high of 951.5 million tonnes, up 9% from the previous year. Fertilizer Price Projection: The FAO estimates that fertiliser prices could be 20% higher in the first half of 2026 if the crisis is not resolved. Humanitarian Impact: The World Food Programme warns that nearly 45 million more people could face acute food shortages if the conflict continues into mid-year with oil prices above $100 a barrel. Why This Matters The significance of this crisis lies not just in current price indices, but in the structural vulnerability of the Global South. Unlike high-income nations where food is a small portion of household expenditure, in many low-income countries, fuel prices feed directly into retail food prices because transport expenditure makes up a far larger share of total household budgets. This means that even before a potential harvest shock occurs, rising energy costs are already straining food budgets in major cities like Dhaka, Cairo, and Lagos. As prices rise, households are forced to shift away from nutritious fruits and proteins toward "cheaper, calorie-dense staples," leading to lasting consequences for child nutrition and long-term health. Expert Insight Analysts emphasize that the current calm in food markets is deceptive. Sandro Steinbach of North Dakota State University explains that agriculture operates on biological timelines, while fertilizer and shipping markets can reprice in days. This creates a lag where inventories and pre-purchased inputs temporarily mute the effect, but the biological reality of farming—where reduced input use leads to lower yields—cannot be ignored. Conversely, Elizabeth Robinson of the London School of Economics argues that the situation differs from the 2007-08 crisis because grain markets are not currently disrupted and there are no export bans. However, Kathy Baylis warns that the April numbers will likely be worse and that the critical factor to watch is the planted area for major crops this spring, which could signal a farmer response to increased input costs. What Happens Next The coming weeks will be critical in determining the trajectory of global food security. The immediate focus must be on the expiration of the US-Iran ceasefire and whether diplomatic resolution can reopen the Strait of Hormuz. If the strait remains closed, we can expect a sharp increase in fertilizer costs, which will likely force farmers to reduce input usage, potentially leading to a drop in yields later this year. Furthermore, policymakers must monitor for export restrictions, as the absence of such bans in 2026 is a key factor preventing an immediate price explosion, but their introduction could rapidly change the market dynamic.

The United Nations' senior aid coordinator has issued a stark warning that South Sudan could be on the brink of a full-scale famine. The alert highlights the escalating food insecurity across the war‑torn nation and calls for immediate humanitarian assistance to avert a catastrophic humanitarian disaster. Urgent action from the global community is essential to deliver food, nutrition, and medical aid to vulnerable populations, whose livelihoods are already strained by ongoing conflict and displacement. The warning serves as a critical reminder of the fragile stability in the region and the potential socioeconomic fallout if the crisis deepens.

A Guardian investigation published on 18 April 2026 reveals that staple foods across the UK and United States contain unexpected and occasionally unsafe components, from tiny insect fragments in spreads to cockroach‑infested coffee beans, raising fresh questions about food‑safety oversight and consumer transparency.While food processing can bring nutritional benefits, it also obscures the exact composition of many products. Chris Young, head of the Real Bread Campaign at Sustain, warns that each additive is tested in isolation but rarely examined for long‑term effects when combined in the modern diet. “The evidence base is limited, and history shows that some substances once deemed safe were later banned,” he says.Insect fragments are surprisingly common. US regulations permit up to 30 insect pieces per 100 g of peanut butter, 60 per 100 g of chocolate, and even two maggots per 100 g of tomato paste. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) in the UK, however, enforces a zero‑tolerance policy for visible contamination, triggering enforcement action when standards are breached. Estimates suggest the average American unintentionally consumes around 450 g of insects each year, a figure that would be alarming if not already part of many cultural diets.Coffee is another surprising vector. In the United States, up to 10 % of green coffee beans may be infested with insects before they are discarded, and remnants can survive processing into the final product. The more notorious threat is the coffee berry borer—a beetle that lays eggs inside coffee cherries—though its impact is less visible than stray cockroach fragments that occasionally appear in packaged coffee.Seafood is not exempt. The FSA mandates that fish intended for raw or lightly cooked dishes be frozen at –20 °C for at least 24 hours to eradicate parasites. Nevertheless, dead worms can still be present in smoked or pickled fish, and certain parasites resist salting or marinating, only dying after a brief 60 °C cooking period. Consuming live larvae can trigger severe illness or allergic reactions, underscoring the importance of “sushi‑grade” labelling.Mineral‑based additives also hide in plain sight. Ingredients such as calcium carbonate (chalk), phosphoric acid, and monocalcium phosphate are mined from limestone, phosphate rock in Morocco and China, and then incorporated as dough conditioners or acidity regulators. Titanium dioxide, a bright white pigment derived from ilmenite, has been banned in the EU since 2022 due to concerns over nanoparticle accumulation and potential DNA damage, though the UK’s FSA is still reviewing the evidence.Even seemingly innocuous components like silicon dioxide (anti‑caking agent) and gypsum (calcium sulphate) are sourced from sand and ancient sea‑bed deposits, respectively. While generally regarded as safe, excessive consumption can cause gastrointestinal discomfort.Ice‑cream and other low‑fat desserts often rely on cellulose derivatives—carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose—produced as by‑products of the wood‑pulp industry. A 2022 study linked carboxymethyl cellulose to transient stomach pain and a possible disturbance of gut microbiota, prompting debate over the safety of the large‑scale emulsifier intake typical of modern diets.Plant‑based sausages frequently contain methyl cellulose as a thermoreversible gel, giving them a meat‑like texture. Professor Barry Smith of University College London notes that such additives can make vegetarian products “convincingly” meat‑like, but the health implications of chronic consumption remain under‑researched.Overall, the article underscores a paradox: while ultra‑processed foods can improve shelf‑life and accessibility, they also conceal a cocktail of ingredients—some benign, others potentially harmful. Consumers are urged to scrutinise ingredient lists, favour products with transparent sourcing, and support regulatory bodies that demand rigorous, long‑term safety testing for all food additives.

The United Nations’ Under‑Secretary‑General for Humanitarian Affairs, Tom Fletcher, warned the Security Council on Friday that South Sudan is at a dangerous crossroads, facing the prospect of a full‑scale famine and national collapse.Fletcher stressed that “hunger across South Sudan is tightening its grip,” noting that emergency‑level food insecurity is projected for all ten states during the lean season, which runs until the end of July.After a week‑long visit, he reported that humanitarian compounds have been looted and nutrition centres destroyed around Akobo in Jonglei State, where more than 140,000 people are in “dire need of help.” He warned that his next briefing could be dominated by famine warnings.According to the UN official, over 7.5 million South Sudanese will require food assistance this year. The situation is compounded by expected floods that will further isolate communities and damage livelihoods.Escalating violence fuels the crisisUNMISS head Anita Kiki Gbeho told the council that civilians continue to bear the brunt of intensifying clashes between the South Sudan People’s Defence Forces and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army in Opposition (SPLM/A‑IO), especially in Jonglei.Fighting surged late last year after a 2018 peace deal ended a five‑year civil war. In December, opposition forces seized government outposts in Jonglei, prompting a retaliatory operation in January that forced more than 280,000 civilians to flee.Fletcher urged the Security Council to secure unhindered humanitarian access, increase flexible funding, and demand that all parties fully respect humanitarian law and protect civilians and infrastructure.As the council deliberates the renewal of the UNMISS mandate—currently set to expire on 30 April—Gbeho warned that “the scale and urgency of needs on the ground are not yet matched by the type of sustained commitment and investment required to fully meet the shared ambition of a sustainable path to peace.”

Gray whales have historically been a rare sight in the San Francisco Bay. They migrate over 10,000 miles from Mexico's Baja California to the Arctic region, seldom stopping in the busy shipping corridor for prolonged periods. However, in recent years, this has changed in a dire way.A new study published in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science has found that gray whales in the bay have been dying at alarming rates, largely due to collisions with vessels. Eastern North Pacific (ENP) gray whales began to appear more frequently in the well-trafficked maritime corridor around 2018.According to researchers, at least 18% of gray whales that entered the bay from 2018 to 2025 have died. They determined that for more than 40% of the whale carcasses, the cause of death was blunt force trauma consistent with vessel strikes, prompting calls for renewed efforts to help avoid more fatal collisions.“It was historically very unusual for them to enter the bay, especially for longer amounts of time or consistently year after year,” said Josie Slaathaug, lead author of the study. There are whale subgroups known to hunt for food south of the Arctic, but a majority of the recently spotted whales feeding in the bay were not a part of these foraging clusters.A wave of new whale presence had not been observed in the waters since the late 1990s. Researchers have theorized that Arctic warming is disrupting food availability for the whales, driving them to hunt in new places such as the bay, although it remains unclear what exactly they may be eating there.Their potential new feeding corner, though, is a major shipping route. The true mortality rate for whales in the bay may be higher, hovering somewhere from 40% to 50%, Slaathaug said.In recent years, there have been several reports of dead whales that wash up on Bay Area beaches. The ENP gray whale population has been in decline due to malnutrition and starvation from climate-driven prey shifts in the Arctic. The Southwest Fisheries Science Center estimated a population total of about 13,000 whales, its lowest count since 1970.“It’s not unique to their migratory corridor that a lot of whales are dying,” Slaathaug said. “What is unique about San Francisco Bay and this study was that there was such a clear emerging cause of death.”Some local efforts are under way to reduce vessel collisions. The Marine Mammal Center has developed a program called Whale Smart, to educate vessel operators in the San Francisco Bay on how to interpret whale behavior to avoid close encounters.In Alaska, where vessels also pose a threat to the whale population, one fleet company partnered with WhaleSpotter, a company that uses AI and thermal imaging to detect the presence of whales, so they can change course well in advance.Last year, the Center for Biological Diversity, a conservation group, sued the US Coast Guard, which regulates vessel traffic off the California coast, for failing to analyze how vessel routes may harm whales and sea turtles.“This most recent study about the gray whales reaffirms that we have way underestimated the problem and we are not managing human activities well enough to avoid the whales,” said Catherine Kilduff, senior attorney at the center.Federal action is needed to reduce the fatal collisions, Kilduff said. According to the Endangered Species Act, the coast guard should be consulting with the National Marine Fisheries Service when setting shipping lanes to assess impact to marine wildlife.Kilduff also suggested mandatory speed limits for vessels. “There are voluntary speed reductions on the west coast, but there is evidence that those aren’t effective. The compliance rate isn’t high enough,” she said.A 2022 study co-authored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration found that the average speeds of large vessels had decreased from 2010 to 2019 in voluntary speed reduction zones. But, researchers determined that the cooperation rate of roughly 50% was lower than the amount needed to reduce vessel strike-related mortality to a level that maintains a sustainable whale population.“These whales are using the oceans in such a sophisticated way. We can learn so much from them, and if we can figure out ways to avoid killing them, I know that they’ll come back to healthy population levels,” Kilduff said.

As millions of Americans rush to file their taxes on Tax Day, a new report reveals that the average US household spent $4,049 on military-related spending in 2025, up from $3,707 in 2024. This increase comes as Donald Trump pushes for a 40% increase in federal defense spending, despite growing concerns over rising living costs and government expenditure.The report by the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) thinktank found that military-related spending in 2025 includes about $1,870 going to Pentagon contractors, $770 to military personnel, $130 for nuclear weapons, and $57 for aid to foreign militaries. The spending does not account for the cost of the US-Israeli war with Iran, which began in February 2026 and has already exceeded $11.3bn in the first six days alone.The IPS report highlights that these enormous sums for the Pentagon and militarism come with enormous costs to ordinary people – both in terms of the opportunity cost for other programs and the drain on their wallets. The analysis is based on an average 'tax filing unit' with a total taxable income of $104,000.Americans have filed their taxes this year amid growing public concern over cost of living, taxes, and government spending. A recent Fox News poll found that 70% of registered voters surveyed believe their taxes are too high, up 11 points from last year. The same poll also found that 29% of registered voters said they were concerned with 'how the government spends their tax dollars.'Beyond military spending, the report estimates that $2,492 of the average taxpayer's federal income tax went to Medicaid, $2,207 to Medicare, and $31 to substance abuse and mental health programs. The report also found that the average taxpayer paid about $396 for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (Snap) and $607 for the Department of Education.The data has significant implications for the economy, as US inflation surged in March with prices up 0.9% compared with last month and 3.3% over the year, amid the US-Israel war with Iran. The University of Michigan's consumer confidence survey recorded a 10.7% drop to its lowest level on record.