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Six decades ago, pioneering oceanographer and conservationist Sylvia Earle made a remarkable discovery while diving off Chile’s oceanic islands. She found the remains of a baby fur seal, a species endemic to the Juan Fernández archipelago that was believed to have been hunted to extinction in the 19th century. This discovery gave Earle hope that a small population might still exist, and indeed, a year later, a colony of 20 endemic fur seals was confirmed on Robinson Crusoe Island.Today, after decades of conservation efforts, the fur seal population has made an extraordinary recovery. An estimated 200,000 fur seals now inhabit the waters around the islands, returning them to their previous role as key members of the ecosystem. Earle, now 90, who returned to the island to dive in December 2025, described the archipelago as a critical 'Hope Spot' for marine protection.In a significant conservation victory, outgoing Chilean President Gabriel Boric recently signed an agreement to extend protection of 337,000 sq km of waters around Juan Fernández and the nearby Nazca-Desventuradas marine park. Once implemented, this 'no take' zone will extend to almost 1 million sq km, making it the third-largest such marine protected zone in the world. By doing so, Chile would protect more than 50% of its waters, placing it in a rare category alongside countries such as Panama and French Polynesia.The protection prohibits all fishing activities except within 12km of the coast, allowing the community of approximately 1,000 lobster fishers to continue their traditional livelihood. Chile is now out in front globally in ocean protection efforts, according to Earle, as most countries have been slower to commit to such extensive marine conservation.The initiative was driven by the Juan Fernández islanders and conservation NGOs who have advocated for decades to protect the unique ecosystem. The fishers, who witnessed the damage caused by industrial fishing of the orange roughy in the 1990s and 2000s, have practiced stewardship of their fishery. A survey showed 98% of residents supported extended protections, leading the fishers to present a proposal directly to the president.Julio Chamorro Solís, a lobster fisher and president of the local fishing organization, emphasized the importance of the unique ecosystem: 'We know the level of endemism we have and how fragile this ecosystem is. There's a biological treasure here.'However, the future of this expanded protection remains uncertain. The new Chilean government, led by President-elect José Antonio Kast, is currently reviewing environmental laws established by the previous administration. While the Chilean ministry of the environment has stated its intention is not to eliminate protections, conservationists and islanders await confirmation that the marine park extension will proceed as planned.This initiative aligns with global commitments to protect 30% of the world's oceans by 2030, a goal reinforced by the recent implementation of the high seas treaty. The expansion of Chile's marine protected areas represents a significant step toward achieving this ambitious target while safeguarding one of the planet's unique marine ecosystems.

Scotland has taken a significant step in the early detection and treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare genetic condition that causes progressive muscle wastage, by becoming the first part of the UK to screen newborn babies for the condition.The screening, which is part of the existing heel prick test offered to all parents in Scotland about four days after birth, is funded by the Scottish government and pharmaceutical company Novartis. The goal is to assess how well screening can detect SMA earlier, allowing babies to receive treatment as soon as possible.SMA affects an estimated 1 in 14,000 births worldwide and impacts movement, breathing, and swallowing. Without treatment, it can limit life expectancy to two years. The condition was brought to wider attention after former Little Mix singer Jesy Nelson revealed in January that her twin daughters had been diagnosed with SMA.Campaigners, who have long advocated for newborn testing, hope the Scottish pilot will result in approval for the heel prick test across the UK. Giles Lomax, chief executive of SMA UK, said the screening pilot in Scotland would be “a huge impetus for other parts of the UK to speed up their own testing plans”. He hopes the Scotland trial will provide data that would convince the UK National Screening Committee to approve UK-wide testing.There is no cure for SMA, but there are now three NHS-funded drug treatments available. Lomax emphasized that with these treatments and newborn screening, “the future for anyone diagnosed with SMA is very different compared to their peers who were diagnosed symptomatically. It basically gives children the life they deserve.”

The Last Blossom, directed by Baku Kinoshita and written by Kazuya Konomoto, is a quiet, contemplative anime feature that rarely gets a theatrical release. The film opens in a lonely prison cell, where the elderly former yakuza Akutsu finds an unexpected confidant in a talking balsam flower.Over the course of one sleepless night, Akutsu's life story unfolds in bursts. Thirty years prior, another balsam flower grows in the back yard of Akutsu's humble house, which he shares with Nana and her baby son, Kensuke. The relationship between the taciturn man and the bubbly young woman is seemingly platonic; Kensuke is not his son. Yet there are hints of romantic attraction; they share bowls of piping hot ramen noodles, play endless rounds of Reversi, and join in harmonising the Ben E King classic Stand By Me.In contrast to this alternative nuclear family, the yakuza world is still strictly traditional, revolving around machismo and codes of brotherhood. When Kensuke is diagnosed with a heart condition, Akutsu is lured into a criminal plot, which leads to his incarceration. Though encompassing much bloodshed and even a hidden treasure subplot, The Last Blossom is most moving as an exploration of human conscience, where a capacity for violence and kindness coexist.The paradox is reminiscent of Shōhei Imamura’s Palme d’Or winner The Eel, starring Koji Yakusho as a wife-murderer who shelters a pregnant woman after his prison release. With his unassuming buzzcut, in stark contrast to his flamboyant yakuza peers, Akutsu bears a striking resemblance to Yakusho’s protagonist. Though a minor work compared to Imamura’s, The Last Blossom similarly questions conventional notions of justice, and the impossibility of weighing one’s good and bad deeds.The Last Blossom is in UK and Irish cinemas from 27 March, and in Australian cinemas from 23 April.

Cooper Lutkenhaus, a 17-year-old high school student from Texas, made history on Sunday by winning gold in the 800m at the world indoor athletics championship. He finished with a time of 1min 44.24sec, 0.14 seconds ahead of Belgium’s Eliott Crestan.Lutkenhaus, who turned 17 in December, broke the previous record for youngest champion held by Ethiopian Mohammed Aman, who was 18 years and 61 days when he won gold in the 800m in 2012.“I came into this knowing I probably wasn’t the favourite, but anytime I step into a final, I believe I have a chance to win,” Lutkenhaus said after his victory. He attributed his win to his youth, saying it gave him the confidence to make a defining move on the third lap.Crestan, who led at the halfway point, praised Lutkenhaus's acceleration, saying he is an incredible talent who could emulate the greats of middle distance running, including David Rudisha.Lutkenhaus's gold was Team USA's fifth of the championships, putting them top of the medal table ahead of Great Britain, who won four.

The Gondoliers, Gilbert and Sullivan's last big hit, has been brought to life by the English Touring Opera in a production that is both a feast for the eyes and ears. The opera, which came hot on the heels of the famous quarrel over a carpet at the Savoy theatre, showcases Sullivan's sunniest and most sophisticated score paired with some of Gilbert's most brilliantly barbed lyrics.A sharply pointed satire on the pitfalls of egalitarianism, the plot features babies swapped at birth and a pair of gondoliers, one of whom may or may not be the son of the recently deceased King of Barataria. The production locates the action in the late 17th century, but contemporary resonances abound, including the cash-for-endorsements antics of the money-grubbing Duke and Duchess of Plaza-Toro.Visually stunning, Liam Steel's staging channels the chocolate box style of the D'Oyly Carte company, with set designer Michael Pavelka's revolving Venetian bridges and Laura Jane Stanfield's rococo costumes creating a feast for the eye. The ensemble cast, including Robin Bailey as Marco and Samuel Pantcheff as Giuseppe, deliver exceptional performances with boundless enthusiasm.The production's success can be attributed to the mischievous wit of Steel, who places dance at the heart of everything while never missing a trick with copious running gags and deft comic timing. A standout moment is the putting of the true king's elderly nursemaid to the rack, which is pure laugh-out-loud entertainment.

The Kent meningitis outbreak may have reached its peak after only two new cases were reported on Friday. The UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed 18 cases and 11 probable cases, bringing the total to 29.Of the confirmed cases, 13 were meningitis B. The growth in cases may have slowed, but the situation remains serious, with all cases requiring hospital admission. As of 5 pm on Thursday, 2,360 vaccinations had been given and 9,840 doses of antibiotics handed out.Prof Robin May, the chief scientific officer of the UKHSA, said experts are working to understand if the meningitis B bug has become more transmissible. Initial genetic analysis suggests the Bexsero vaccine should provide protection against the type of MenB in this outbreak.The family of a teenager who died from the disease described their immeasurable loss. Juliette Kenny died on March 14, one day after developing symptoms. Her family is now campaigning for teenagers and young people to be routinely given access to the meningitis B vaccination.Experts believe that with an incubation period of up to 10 days, the peak from the initial super-spreading event will have already passed. However, secondary cases among people who did not attend the nightclub but caught it from someone who did are still possible.

The recent pronouncement by a judge in Afghanistan, stating 'a few beatings won't kill you,' when rejecting a woman's divorce request from her abusive husband, highlights the dire situation for women under Taliban rule. This barbaric stance is not isolated but part of a broader global pushback against women's rights.The Heritage Foundation, architect of Project 2025, has published a report advocating for a deeply patriarchal model that encourages women to have more babies earlier in life and discourages further education and careers. This vision aligns with Donald Trump's second term agenda and has sparked concern among women's rights advocates.The proposed UN merger of UN Women and UNFPA has caused alarm among feminist groups. They warn that this consolidation will lead to reduced funding for gender equality programs and give countries like the US, which are hostile to women's rights, more influence over global structures supporting gender equality.UN Secretary General António Guterres noted that the world remains male-dominated, and there are well-funded efforts to maintain this status quo. The UN's next moves will be closely watched, as they have significant implications for women's rights globally.

Researchers at Cortical Labs in Melbourne have created a 'biological computer' using living human tissue, which can play the 1993 shooter game Doom. The team used 10ml of blood from CEO Hon Weng Chong to harvest 100 white blood cells, which were then reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These cells were used to create a dish of 200,000 neurons that can interface with a computer system.The brain cells were taught to play Doom by encoding game state information, passing it through a neural network, and converting it into signals the neurons can understand. The neurons then fire an output, which the system decodes and converts back into actions in the game. This process is similar to how humans operate, with information going into the retina, being converted into electrical signals, processed in the brain, and resulting in an output.While the achievement has sparked concerns about sentience and consciousness, Chong believes the brain cells are not conscious, stating, 'At first it didn’t know how to move, aim or shoot. Then it would shoot two enemies and stop. So it’s definitely learning.' The next step could be integrating this technology with Neuralink, a brain-machine interface developed by Elon Musk.The application of biological computing lies not in gaming, but in medicine, such as disease modeling for conditions like epilepsy. This technology could allow for personalized drug testing and tailored treatments. Meanwhile, Eon Systems in San Francisco has created a virtual insect brain that can behave like a real fly, challenging the assumption that intelligence must be acquired.Biological systems like these could eventually power robots, drones, and other machines that need to navigate complex environments. As Chong notes, 'Abstract reasoning, mathematics and language are relatively recent in evolutionary terms... but motor control and probabilistic decision-making are things we’ve inherited through millions of years of evolution.' While we're far from uploading human consciousness into the internet, this technology marks a significant step in the development of biological computing.