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Rome’s ancient streets have long been a magnet for pilgrims, tourists and wanderers, but the scale of today’s foot traffic is forcing a visible re‑engineering of the city’s public spaces. The Surge of Visitors Around Rome’s Iconic Monuments Millions of tourists flock to the Trevi Fountain and St Peter’s Square each year, especially during the Jubilee year when pilgrim numbers spike. Photographers, tour groups and souvenir sellers now crowd the immediate vicinity, creating bottlenecks that were rare a decade ago. Temporary umbrellas and raised signage are used to channel the flow of people. Tourist Management Tactics: Barriers, Routes, and Portable Facilities Security staff install temporary barriers around monuments to direct pedestrians and protect fragile structures. Portable toilets are positioned beside churches and Renaissance walls to serve the constant stream of visitors. Designated “waiting zones” act as circulation hubs, turning public squares into managed transit corridors. Implications for Rome’s Urban Fabric and Heritage Preservation The constant presence of crowds turns historic plazas into spaces of waiting rather than contemplation. Increased foot traffic accelerates wear on stone surfaces, prompting more frequent conservation work. Local businesses adapt, selling quick‑grab souvenirs such as rosaries, plastic helmets and bottled water to meet tourist demand. Future Outlook: Balancing Pilgrimage Peaks and Sustainable Tourism City planners are exploring permanent crowd‑management solutions, including widened pathways and digital queue systems. Stakeholders aim to preserve the authenticity of Rome’s heritage while accommodating the economic benefits of mass tourism. Long‑term strategies will likely blend heritage protection with innovative visitor‑experience design to keep the city both livable and iconic.

The Rise of 'AI Face' Plastic surgeons are increasingly concerned about the rise of “AI face”, as more and more clients arrive in their offices with unrealistic AI-generated visions of what they want to look like. The Unrealistic Expectations Clients are coming to surgeons with photos of themselves beautified by AI and a false expectation that those results are achievable with surgery. Dr. Nora Nugent, a cosmetic surgeon from Tunbridge Wells, has seen this first hand and says many colleagues are having similar experiences. The Impact of AI on Beauty Standards AI-generated images are creating unattainable beauty standards, with clients demanding flawless skin, sharply sculpted cheekbones, refined noses, and near-perfect symmetry. Surgeons warn that these standards are too time-consuming, prohibitively expensive, and in many cases, physically unattainable. The Risks of Cosmetic Procedures Surgeons emphasize that cosmetic surgery outcomes are far from guaranteed, and that patients must understand the risks and limitations of procedures. Dr. Alex Karidis, a surgeon based in west London, notes that AI can control every single pixel, but surgery does not work on that microscopic level. The Future of Cosmetic Surgery As AI technology continues to advance, plastic surgeons are bracing for an increase in clients with unrealistic expectations. Dr. Nugent predicts that the trend will only continue, given the rate AI has been incorporated into every aspect of life.

The Evacuation Order About 40,000 people in Southern California have been ordered to evacuate their homes as emergency responders race to prevent a large tank containing hazardous chemicals from leaking or exploding. The Chemical Tank Failure Residents in six Orange County cities were told to leave their homes on Friday after a storage tank containing up to 7,000 gallons (26,500 litres) of methyl methacrylate – a highly flammable chemical used in the production of plastics – began to fail the previous evening. The Risks and Response The tank is one of three located at GKN Aerospace in Garden Grove, about 49km (30 miles) from Los Angeles. GKN Aerospace manufactures parts for several aviation companies, including Airbus and Boeing. Orange County Fire Authority Division Chief Craig Covey said the tank could either rupture, causing its contents to spill onto the ground and create a plume, or explode. The Evacuation and School Closures Firefighters were able to reduce the tank’s temperature from a safe distance, buying crews more time to stabilise the situation. Garden Grove Police Chief Amir El-Farra said more than 4,000 people had refused to evacuate. Local mayor Stephanie Klopfenstein urged those still in the area to leave immediately. More than a dozen schools have also been closed, with officials warning they don’t know how long the evacuation order will remain in place.

The LeadGame of Thrones actress Hannah Murray shares her experience of being sectioned in a psychiatric hospital in her new memoir "The Make-Believe: A Memoir of Magic and Madness." The actress describes her mental health journey and the experience of being involuntarily admitted under the Mental Health Act.The Hospital ExperienceThe door to the room opens. A man enters the room. He is a Black man, bald and overweight. He is dressed in uniform. Blue uniform, a blue lanyard that reads "NHS". But I know Steve, the leader of the organisation that introduced me to magic, is a magician. I know he can appear in disguise.I approach the man and try to kiss him.He does not let me kiss him. Then no. It is not Steve.The man has brought me a plate of toast. He has brought me a cup of tea. I add sugar to the tea, which I would never have done in my former life, but a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down!I am a Ritual Master. And this, drinking my own urine, is a powerful ritual. This is all I need now to survive … I will never need to eat again. I survive on liquids and air and lightI do not eat the toast. I drink the tea. I am alone in the room again and I urinate into the cup and drink that too.I am a Ritual Master. And this, drinking my own urine, is a powerful ritual. This is all I need now to survive. It is the most potent of potions I can drink. I am a self-contained, utterly self-sufficient being. I will never need to eat again. I survive on liquids and air and light.I decide to explore outside the room. Outside my sanctuary. He has not come. So maybe I need to go searching for him …The Phone CallTime jumps. I am in a corridor lit by overhead strip lights. The electric light is pale yellow in tone. I am sat on one of three chairs in a row against the wall. The chairs are purple, curved plastic. I am still waiting for him to appear.There are two doors in front of me. One is the door to the blue room with the blue sofa and chair. Behind the other door is an office of some kind, and there is a woman in there, shuffling papers and talking on the phone.The woman comes out of the office. She is holding out my phone. My only possession now – the one artefact from my previous life. There is someone she wants me to speak to.Him.When I hold the phone to my ear, I hear a voice I recognise.But the voice belongs to my mother."Hannah?" she says. "Where are you? What's going on?"There is distress in her voice. Her voice is trembling with pain and anxiety.I do not want to hear it.This is a test. A horrible test, certainly, but one that I can pass. They are trying to tempt me back into the human. They are trying to lure me back into the past.I hang up the phone.But, after a moment, it starts to ring. The word Mum lights up the screen."Talk to her," says the woman.I answer the call.My mother sounds different now. Calmer. She asks again what's going on but gently, even cheerfully. I tell her everything's OK. That I'm fine. I tell her not to worry. I'm in a good place.This is the last time I will ever hear her voice, I think. This is the way I say goodbye.The DiagnosisThey tell me I am being sectioned.The words jar with my beliefs."Section 2 … the Mental Health Act … 28 days … right to appeal … "I cock my head.This does not fit at all. It does not fit in the world of Steve, of Ritual Master, of Shambhala and the invention of magic.I am not concerned. I am concerned only with the energy I can feel spiralling up through my body and the voices I can hear in my head.I pace the hospital corridors, delivering a tearful monologue, delivering the greatest performance of my life. A phrase comes to me. The Girl With All the Gifts. The title of a post-apocalyptic horror film released in 2016, starring Gemma Arterton.I am a magician. I am an actress. I am a writer. I have superhuman strength. I can fly. Anything that can be imagined, I can perform it. Every skill and every ability is mine.The film came out as a warning, and a prophecy.And because of me, the apocalypse has been averted.I am the saviour of the planet. I am the girl with all the gifts.The Journey to RecoveryIt was very hard, the journey to get here. It took 27 years. The path was twisting and full of setbacks, there were challenges and so much pain. There were times I wanted to give up. It was very hard. Everyone will have to make their own journey, and their journeys will be their own, unique as snowflakes or fingerprints. That is the beauty of it, the joy of it. Everyone has to figure it out for themselves.But I have laid the groundwork. I have walked the path. It starts with the energy healing, and it goes on and on through the seven dimensions, through increasingly magical planes. It goes on and on until you meet your soulmate, like I met mine.I was in a TV show called Game of Thrones, hidden in plain sight in the midst of a cultural phenomenon. I, the key to the world's salvation, wore the face of a character called Gilly, but really I played every role. Then I worked on a film called Detroit in Boston. David Benioff and Dan Weiss and Kathryn Bigelow were the four horsemen of the apocalypse. Numbers are irrelevant. Three counts as four. David and Dan and Kathryn cast me in the roles that brought about my destiny. The end and beginning of the world.I am the Ur-actress. I am every actress. Every performance ever given has been animated by my energy, my talent, by the gestures and facial expressions I am performing here and now.The Memoir and BeyondThis is an edited extract from The Make-Believe: A Memoir of Magic and Madness by Hannah Murray, published by Cornerstone (£18.99). To support the Guardian, order your copy at guardianbookshop.com. Delivery charges may apply.Hannah Murray will be in conversation with Jessie Cave at Kings Place in London on 5 June.

The LeadBritain's roads are in a state of crisis, with potholes becoming an increasingly common and dangerous problem for motorists across the country. The annual battle against road damage has become a symbol of wider infrastructure challenges facing the nation, as local authorities grapple with limited budgets, aging infrastructure, and the increasing pressures of climate change on road surfaces.The Scale of the ProblemRecent data reveals the extent of Britain's pothole crisis. Local authorities in England and Wales filled nearly 1.7 million potholes in 2024 alone, yet the problem continues to grow. The Road Surface Treatments Association estimates that it would take over a decade to clear the current backlog of road repairs at current funding levels. This represents a significant challenge for both urban and rural communities, with some areas reporting increases in pothole-related accidents and vehicle damage.Funding ChallengesThe financial constraints facing road maintenance are substantial. Since 2010, local authority funding for road maintenance has decreased by over 40% in real terms, while the number of miles of road has increased. The government's recent announcement of additional funding for road repairs has been welcomed by local authorities, but many argue it falls far short of what is needed to address the systemic issues. The complex funding landscape, with responsibilities split between central government, local councils, and private utilities, creates additional bureaucratic hurdles for effective road maintenance.Technical Solutions and InnovationIn response to the growing crisis, engineers and local authorities are exploring innovative solutions to create more durable road surfaces. New materials, including recycled plastics and modified asphalt formulations, promise longer-lasting repairs. Smart road technologies that can detect early signs of deterioration are also being piloted in several areas. However, the high initial costs of these technologies and the need for specialized training present barriers to widespread adoption.Impact on Communities and BusinessesThe consequences of poor road conditions extend beyond mere inconvenience. Potholes contribute to increased vehicle maintenance costs, with UK motorists spending an estimated £2.8 billion annually on repairs related to road damage. Commercial vehicles face particularly significant challenges, with increased fuel consumption, higher maintenance costs, and delivery delays all impacting business operations. Rural communities, often dependent on road transport for both goods and services, are disproportionately affected by poor road conditions.Future OutlookAddressing Britain's pothole crisis will require a multi-faceted approach combining increased funding, technological innovation, and more strategic planning. The government's upcoming National Infrastructure Strategy will be crucial in setting priorities for the coming decade. There is growing consensus that a shift from reactive repairs to proactive maintenance will be essential to break the cycle of deterioration. As climate change brings more extreme weather conditions, the resilience of road surfaces will become an increasingly important consideration in infrastructure planning.

The Aluminum Price Surge The ongoing conflict in Iran has led to a significant increase in aluminum prices, reaching levels not seen in decades. With around 10% of the world's aluminum production coming from the Gulf region, the war has disrupted supply chains, driving up prices by 20%. Recycling Startups on the Rise The U.S. government has flagged aluminum as a critical mineral, and recycling startups are capitalizing on this trend. Aluminum is one of the most recycled materials in the U.S., but only about 20% is recovered, according to the EPA. Startups like Sortera and Amp are using AI to improve recycling efficiency. AI-Powered Recycling Sortera, a metals recycling startup, has opened its second facility in Tennessee, doubling its processing capacity to 240 million pounds of aluminum per year. The company uses a range of sensors, including lasers, cameras, and X-ray fluorescence, to feed AI algorithms that classify each piece of scrap to identify the specific grade of aluminum. Competitive Approach Amp has taken a different approach, using an AI-powered sorting system to sift through both recycling and general waste streams. The system uses sensors, including visible light and infrared cameras, to identify materials and differentiate plastics from aluminum. The Future of Aluminum Recycling With AI-powered recycling facilities like those being built by Sortera and Amp, the metals industry could see a significant boost in domestically produced aluminum supplies. As Matanya Horowitz, CTO at Amp, noted, "Half of the aluminum in a metro area — in places with successful recycling programs — are just in the garbage, not even touching the recycling system."

Turning Empty Space into a Physical Presence: Christo’s “Air” InstallationThe new show at Gagosian, Grosvenor Hill, London re‑imagines a vacant gallery as a sculptural object. By suspending a colossal polyethylene bag across the room, Christo makes the intangible—air—visible, heavy and almost flesh‑like, compelling viewers to negotiate the space physically.The Installation’s Core Concept: Enveloping Air in PolyethyleneChristo’s original 1960s idea to “contain air” was limited by the technology of the time. Fifty years later, a horizontal sack, anchored by white ropes, sags into the centre of the room, creating a bulge that feels like a body pressing against a garment. The work is a direct continuation of his earlier wrapped‑bubble experiments and the infamous 1968 Documenta tube, now realised with modern materials.Visitor Experience and Spatial DynamicsGuests must crouch beneath the sagging sack, turning a passive viewing into an embodied encounter. The installation’s dimensions—roughly a 4‑metre‑high room split by a 3‑metre‑wide bag—are not disclosed in the review, but the visual weight is emphasized through the bag’s droop and the tension of the ropes. The exhibition runs until 21 August 2026, giving ample time for audiences to experience the shift from empty void to tactile mass.Why the Work Resonates in Contemporary Art DiscourseBeyond its visual novelty, “Air” interrogates themes of memory, preservation and the body’s relationship to space. A wrapped Volvo, rescued from a dealer’s garage, serves as a “monument to its own past,” linking personal history to the broader gesture of containment. Critics note the paradoxical blend of the profound and the ridiculous, positioning the piece as a commentary on how simple materials can evoke deep emotional responses.Future Implications for Site‑Specific and Conceptual ArtThe successful materialisation of an abstract element suggests new pathways for artists seeking to make the invisible visible. As museums and galleries explore immersive, sensor‑driven experiences, Christo’s “Air” demonstrates that minimal intervention—rope, sheet and plastic—can still generate powerful discourse about presence, weight and the limits of perception.Exhibition dates: Opening 2026 – 21 August 2026Location: Gagosian, Grosvenor Hill, London

The Investigation into Starbucks' Recycling Claims An environmental watchdog organization, Beyond Plastics, conducted an investigation to determine whether Starbucks' plastic cups were actually being recycled. The group tracked 53 polypropylene plastic cups starting in recycling bins at Starbucks locations across nine states and Washington DC. The Findings: Cups Not Being Recycled The results were stunning: not one cup ended up at a recycling facility. Instead, 16 trackers pinged from landfills, nine from incinerators, eight at waste-transfer stations, and three to a materials recovery facility. The Data Analysis: Scale of the Problem 53 polypropylene plastic cups were tracked None ended up in a recycling facility 16 ended up in landfills 9 were incinerated 8 ended up at waste-transfer stations 3 ended up at materials recovery facilities The Impact Analysis: Environmental and Health Consequences The investigation highlights the issue of plastic pollution and the need for companies to prioritize sustainability. Polypropylene, the material used for single-use plastic cups, can theoretically be recycled, but very few facilities are equipped to do so. The Prediction: Calls for Change Beyond Plastics recommends that Starbucks switch to fiber-based to-go cups and lids, encourage more reusable cup use, and remove misleading labeling on in-store recycling bins. The organization emphasizes the need for companies to be held accountable for their sustainability claims.

The Prevalence of Plastic Litter Plastic food wrappers, bottles, lids, and caps are by far the most common items of litter found on the world’s shorelines, a study has found. Researchers looked at data from more than 5,300 surveys of coastal litter to produce the first global analysis of its kind. The Global Extent of the Problem The information collected spanned 94 countries, and the team was able to extrapolate from that data to include estimates for another 18 countries. Food and drink-related plastics turned up in coastal litter in 93% of those places. No other form of litter was as prevalent. Regional Variations in Litter There were, however, some regional variations. Plastic bags, for example, were consistently prevalent in Asia. The study also noted that a ban on plastic bags did not necessarily mean a country had less of such waste – poor policy enforcement or other countries exporting their waste was suggested as a reason for this. The Impact of Plastic Pollution Efforts to establish an international treaty to tackle plastic pollution are in turmoil. The chair of the treaty talks stepped down in October after allegations of behind-the-scenes pressure from the UN’s environment programme, which is overseeing the talks. It also emerged this month that the programme’s largest donor, Norway, was reviewing its funding for the body. Solutions to Address Plastic Pollution Richard Thompson, the founder of the University of Plymouth’s international marine litter research unit, said policymakers could address plastic pollution by ensuring plastics were only used for essential purposes, and that people could increasingly opt for refillable food and drink containers. Tamara Galloway, a professor of ecotoxicology at the University of Exeter, noted that current economic models tended to treat many forms of plastic as disposable, and suggested reframing it as ‘plastic-lost-value’ to guide policymakers in their efforts to mitigate it.