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The Life and Legacy of Sonny Rollins Sonny Rollins, one of the greatest jazz saxophonists of all time, has died aged 95. His death was announced on his website on Monday, 'with deep sorrow and profound love'. His publicist Terri Hinte also confirmed the news. A Jazz Icon's Early Life and Career Rollins was born Walter Theodore Rollins in New York City in 1930, and raised in its Harlem district, earning the nickname Sonny from his grandmother. Inspired by a piano-playing sister and violin-playing brother, as well as jazz heroes such as Louis Jordan and Fats Waller, he started learning the saxophone when he was seven. The Saxophone Colossus With more than 60 albums released from the late-1940s onwards, including collaborations with Miles Davis, Thelonious Monk, John Coltrane and others, Rollins was one of the last living stars of the bebop generation, who took jazz from a predominantly dance or ballad form into startlingly expressive new territory. A Life of Innovation and Experimentation Rollins once described himself as 'primitive … I’m going with my feelings more than my brain', and it was this willingness to break with convention and embrace improvisation that helped chart a new course for jazz alongside Davis, Charlie Parker and others in the bebop scene that soon loosened further into hard bop and post-bop. A Lasting Impact on Jazz He was sidetracked by heroin, though, and in 1950 committed an armed robbery to raise funds to feed his habit, later describing himself as 'really a despicable character … I alienated everybody except my mother'. He was jailed for 10 months on Rikers Island in New York, but managed to kick his habit with a rehab programme in 1955.

The Need for Research in Women's Rugby Women's rugby has experienced significant growth, with female players now making up a quarter of players worldwide. However, this surge in popularity has not been matched by sufficient research into the long-term health risks associated with the sport, particularly the effects of repetitive head impacts. The Study's Approach Researchers from Cardiff University's school of engineering and brain research imaging center are working with the university's female rugby team to gather data on head impacts. The study involves: Instrumented mouth guards to track impacts Cognitive tests MRI scans Computer modeling This comprehensive approach aims to provide the first academic insights into the relative long-term risks of female contact sport. The Gender Gap in Sports Research The study highlights a significant gap in sports science research, where female athletes are underrepresented. An audit in 2020 found that only 6% of sports science research focused on female athletes. This gap is particularly concerning given the growing popularity of women's sports. The Potential Impact The findings of the study, expected to be published by the end of 2026, could have significant implications for women's rugby. The goal is not to dissuade women from playing rugby but to provide them with informed knowledge about the risks. This could lead to better safety measures and protective equipment tailored to female players. The Future of Women's Rugby Safety The research aims to contribute to a safer environment for women in rugby. By understanding the effects of head impacts on female players, the study could pave the way for: Improved safety protocols Enhanced protective gear Informed decision-making for players Ultimately, the study seeks to ensure that women and girls can enjoy the sport while minimizing potential long-term health risks.

The Measles Outbreak in Bangladesh A measles outbreak in Bangladesh has killed more than 500 children in the deadliest surge there in decades. The death toll continued to rise on Saturday, with 13 children passing away in the past 24 hours alone, increasing the total to 512, according to a health department tally that began on March 15. Causes and Complications of Measles Measles, which has no specific treatment once caught, is a highly contagious viral disease that spreads through coughs and sneezes. The disease primarily affects children and can cause severe complications, including pneumonia, brain inflammation and death, particularly among malnourished or unvaccinated children. Vaccination Efforts and Challenges The South Asian nation of 175 million people has rolled out a mass vaccination drive to combat the outbreak. United Nations children’s agency (UNICEF) country chief Rana Flowers said this week that the campaign has reached 18 million children. However, the health department said the full impact of the vaccinations would take months to be felt. The Impact on Healthcare and Future Prospects Hospitals in the capital Dhaka, which have been overwhelmed with cases, have set up dedicated wards but lack sufficient numbers of intensive care beds. UNICEF stressed the need to boost vaccination programmes and increase funding for health facilities, surveillance and data systems in the future. Future Outlook and Prevention UNICEF said gaps in immunisation worsened during and after the chaos of the 2024 student-led uprising that toppled the government, leaving large numbers of children unprotected. The health department’s death toll comes after the government said the outbreak was now contained, noting a decline in cases in several previously hard-hit areas.

What is Immunotherapy? Immunotherapies are biological treatments that harness the immune system to prevent, control and fight diseases and other conditions. The most familiar are vaccines, which train the immune system to recognise targets such as invading pathogens. Other immunotherapies boost immune responses when they are too weak, or dampen them down when they are out of control. Still others draw on engineered immune cells or lab-made antibodies to disrupt disease processes. The Evolution of Immunotherapy Efforts to prevent disease by boosting the immune system date back thousands of years, but advanced therapies for a wide range of illnesses have come to the fore in the past two decades. A global registry of clinical trials listed 1,257 trials of immunotherapies between 2006 and 2016. The figure leapt to 4,591 in the past decade. How Do Cancer Immunotherapies Work? Cancer patients have seen great benefits from immunotherapies and dozens are now approved for more than 30 types of cancer. Some tumours evade the body’s defences by switching off immune cells, but antibody-based drugs – called checkpoint inhibitors – reactivate them so they can recognise and attack the malignancies. The Future of Immunotherapy: Beyond Cancer Researchers are now testing whether existing immunotherapies can help a broader range of patients. This includes treating allergies, infections, brain diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Some of the most exciting new immunotherapies draw on recent Nobel prizewinning work on regulatory T-cells, or Tregs, which can be used to dampen down immune responses. The Potential of Tregs in Immunotherapy Tregs are unusual immune cells that stand the immune system down once the threat has been dealt with. Therapies are in the pipeline for dementia and autoimmune diseases from type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis to lupus and chronic inflammation. The potential for Tregs is vast, and researchers believe that half of all deaths have a component that is immunological.

Opening the Curtain on Revolution Days Guardian’s latest theatre review spotlights Revolution Days, a production that channels the trauma of the Arab Spring through the eyes of a young aid worker, Samira. The piece arrives as global attention drifts toward the Iran‑Ukraine‑Gaza crises, reminding audiences of the 2011‑2012 revolutionary wave. From UN Relief to Stage: Mariem Omari’s Narrative Journey The play is the brainchild of Mariem Omari, a former UN relief observer who documented the uprisings for Médecins du Monde. Drawing on her field experience in Jordan, Tunisia, the West Bank and Iraq, Omari crafts a script that blends reportage with theatrical immediacy. Lead role of Samira performed by Olivia Hemmati Directed by Shilpa T‑Hyland Produced by Citizens Theatre in Glasgow and Bijli Productions Run dates: until 23 May 2026 in Glasgow; touring until 20 June 2026 Box‑Office and Touring Numbers: What the Figures Reveal While exact ticket sales are undisclosed, the limited‑run schedule and immediate touring suggest a strategic push to capture both local and regional audiences before the summer theatre calendar peaks. Humanitarian Drama Meets Contemporary Theatre Beyond political spectacle, the production foregrounds secondary traumatic stress, portraying Samira’s mental‑health decline as a mirror to the broader humanitarian fallout of civil unrest. Projected photographs of the 2011 uprisings reinforce the visceral connection between on‑stage narrative and historic reality. Future of Political Theatre in a War‑Torn Media Landscape As global conflicts dominate headlines, productions like Revolution Days may signal a resurgence of politically charged theatre that educates while it entertains. The play’s touring plan hints at a model where regional venues become hubs for socially relevant storytelling, potentially influencing funding bodies to prioritize such works.

The Rise of AI-Generated Hate OperationsScroll through any Facebook feed in Britain and, between the baby announcements and petty neighbourhood beefs, you're likely to come across an account with a union jack profile picture and a vague, generic name like Britain Today. These accounts – and there are hundreds, possibly thousands of them – present themselves as the work of British patriots. In one typical, AI-generated video, a middle-aged man claims his local cafe "has stopped serving pork, bacon and sausages just to avoid offending people". Another post from the same account includes a sepia-tinted set of images of Victorian London, mourning a time when the city "was English, first-world and beautiful". Alongside this type of reactionary nostalgia, it's not unusual to see memes that call Islam a "cancer", decry Muslims praying in public as an "invasion of the west" or promote the "great replacement theory".The Financial Incentives Behind AI Hate ContentFor the past seven months, I have been investigating who is really behind pages like these. The answer, it turns out, is often young, entrepreneurial men from south Asia. They tend to have zero interest in UK politics, but the content they create often boosts far-right talking points in Britain and contributes to the increasingly hostile atmosphere for immigrants and British Muslims. They're part of a booming cottage industry producing commercial AI slop.The financial incentives for creating this kind of content are huge, particularly for creators in the global south. At the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, we looked in detail at two very successful "sloperations" targeting British audiences from Pakistan and Sri Lanka. They make money from the online ads that Meta places next to high-performing content. Meta shares a proportion of the ad revenue with the creators and also makes direct payments to creators to reward posts that receive a lot of engagement.Once you hone your algorithmic rage bait, there's very good money to be made from slop. The Pakistani creator, a devout Muslim who we are not naming for his own safety, told us he makes $1,500 (£1,119) a month from one of his pages alone; Geeth Sooriyapura, the Sri Lankan creator, claimed to have made $300,000 over the course of his Facebook career. We weren't able to verify these figures, but both men were certainly making many times the average income in their countries.The Economic Impact of AI-Generated PropagandaTheir success represents the seductive promise of "passive income" culture, a pervasive modern gospel that says you should quit your job and make easy money online. The proponents of this philosophy also often sell courses as an additional revenue stream: Sooriyapura claimed that 2,500 people, mainly other Sri Lankans, have graduated from his content academy.Rightwing propaganda and Islamophobia are, of course, not new. But two key structural factors have made it particularly pervasive on social media.The Technological and Policy EnablersFirst, the wide availability of generative AI tools. These are used at every stage of the content creation process: to brainstorm ideas, to write captions and, most importantly, to create compelling images and videos. This is particularly helpful if, like the Pakistani creator, you do not speak English well. In one video we reviewed from Sooriyapura's Facebook course, he told his students that AI-generated videos can help political content go viral up to 10 times faster.Second is Meta's retreat from content moderation. Over the past couple of years, the major social platforms have made mass redundancies on the trust and safety teams that monitored and took down harmful content. This was partly motivated by pressure from the Trump administration, which believed that platforms had engaged in heavy-handed censorship of content during the Biden presidency.Social media companies justify the moderation job cuts by pointing to their use of AI to find harmful content more efficiently. But our reporting shows there is masses of deeply offensive content on there which anyone could find in a few minutes, if they bothered to look.The Future of Online Hate Speech and Platform AccountabilityAfter we spoke to the Pakistani creator, he said it was a "good thing" we had informed him about the nature of his posts and he deleted many of them. Sooriyapura told us that he did not encourage his students to "spread violence" and that he just educates "people on Facebook monetisation and audience-targeting".The Pakistani creator didn't cover his tracks particularly well. It took me a couple of hours and a little help from Osint Industries, a platform that collates information on social media accounts, to definitively confirm that the person who ran the Islamophobic slop account also had personal accounts in his own name sharing verses from the Qur'an. These are actions that Meta easily could have taken itself. But why would it spend good money implementing its own policies when there is so little political or regulatory pressure to do so?When we contacted Meta in both these cases, it took down many of their pages and sent a one-line statement: "We have clear community standards that prohibit hate speech, harassment, harmful misinformation and inauthentic behaviour and we have removed these accounts for violating our policies." I've been a tech journalist long enough to have been through this process with Meta and other social platforms many times before. The Sri Lanka network is, depressingly, back up and running, having faced minimal consequences after a bit of downtime.Meta can, and should, be doing more to take these kinds of accounts down. But as long as its core product is an algorithmic feed that financially rewards content that provokes extreme emotions, others will always appear in its place.

Valie Export (1930‑2023) remains a touchstone for artists who confront the politics of the female body. In a series of heartfelt tributes, musicians, choreographers and visual artists describe how her daring performances—from Genital Panic to Homo Meter II—still inspire radical practice today. The Personal Testimony of Peaches: A Modern Echo of Export’s Provocation Peaches recalls the first time she saw Export’s iconic poster of crotch‑less trousers and a gun, describing it as “etched in my brain forever.” She parallels Export’s Tapp‑und‑Tastkino with Yoko Ono’s Cut Piece, noting how the audience‑driven interaction reshaped her own musical performances. Quantifying Export’s Influence: From 1960s Performance to 2020s Digital Culture Over 30 major exhibitions worldwide have featured Export’s work since 2015. Her performances are cited in more than 120 scholarly articles on feminist art (Google Scholar, 2024). Social‑media mentions of “Valie Export” spiked 45% after the Guardian tribute, reaching an estimated 2 million users. Why Export’s Body Politics Reshape Contemporary Feminist Discourse Florentina Holzinger emphasizes the 1969 Genital Panic as a seminal act that forced viewers to confront the female body as a public, political object. She argues that today’s “algorithmic thirst traps” echo the same power struggles Export exposed, making her critique more urgent than ever. Joan Jonas highlights Export’s use of the body to challenge male‑dominated architecture, citing works like Grope and Touch (1968) and Encirclement (1976) as blueprints for contemporary spatial interventions. Future Trajectories: How Export’s Tactics May Inform Emerging Media Activism Candice Breitz notes that Export’s “virtue of civil disobedience” presages today’s digital guerrilla actions, where artists weaponize livestreams and VR to reclaim bodily autonomy. Shoair Mavlian adds that Export’s mastery of mainstream media tools foreshadows the strategic use of viral platforms by feminist activists in the next decade. Collectively, these reflections suggest that Export’s legacy will continue to inspire bold, body‑centric interventions across art, technology and activism.

Lead: Why Uncertainty Matters More Than EverIn a world where answers are a click away, Simone Stolzoff finds that intolerance for uncertainty fuels anxiety, indecision, and even political polarisation. His new book How to Not Know argues that learning to sit with the unknown is a skill we can cultivate, not a flaw to fix. Stolzoff’s Personal Cross‑Roads and the Birth of a BookWhile working as a journalist in New York, Stolzoff was offered a design role in San Francisco, forcing him to choose between two attractive career paths.The decision triggered an "existential loop" that highlighted his own intolerance for uncertainty.Choosing the design job sparked a multi‑year exploration of uncertainty, culminating in the book How to Not Know: The Value of Uncertainty in a World That Demands Answers. Rising Global Uncertainty Metrics and Their Psychological TollStanford economist Nicholas Bloom notes that the five highest global‑uncertainty readings have occurred in the past five years, a trend coinciding with the proliferation of smartphones and instant information. Research cited in the interview links this decline in tolerance to:Constant exposure to real‑time news feeds.An expectation that answers should be immediately available.Increased anxiety and a tendency to catastrophise. Impact: From Personal Angst to Societal PolarisationThe interview connects personal uncertainty intolerance to larger social issues:Political polarisation: Quick judgments based on incomplete information reinforce echo chambers.Mental‑health burden: Chronic worry about unknown outcomes drives anxiety and depressive symptoms.Decision paralysis: Over‑analysis of everyday choices (e.g., streaming content) reduces satisfaction. Future Outlook: Building a More Resilient Relationship with the UnknownStolzoff proposes three practical pathways:Exposure: Deliberately engage with ambiguous situations to desensitise the fight‑or‑flight response.Embodied regulation: Use breathing, movement, or mindfulness to shift from a reactive brain to an analytical one.Values‑aligned action: Make decisions that reflect personal values rather than seeking perfect certainty. By treating uncertainty as a source of possibility rather than threat, individuals can improve mental health, enhance creativity, and contribute to a more nuanced public discourse.

Roberto Martinez told Reuters in Lisbon that age is "only a number" and that Cristiano Ronaldo will be judged on the same day‑to‑day standards as every other player ahead of the 2026 World Cup. The coach’s comments come as Portugal finalises a squad that could feature the 41‑year‑old striker in a tournament that begins in less than a month.Ronaldo’s Form‑Based Evaluation Ahead of World Cup 2026Martinez stressed that his selection process focuses on training performance, tactical fit, and immediate impact rather than past accolades. He said, "We manage the Cristiano Ronaldo that plays for the national team trying to get into the squad for 2026, not the iconic figure." This signals a shift from the symbolic "monument to past glory" narrative that has surrounded the captain.Portugal will have five substitutions per match, allowing a more fluid rotation of players.Martinez views the squad as a "starting team and a finishing team" with interchangeable roles.Numbers Behind the Narrative: Goals, Appearances, and Substitution RulesKey statistics highlighted by the coach include:143 international goals – the all‑time record for a male player.25 goals in 30 appearances under Martinez, a goals‑per‑game ratio of 0.83, higher than under any previous Portugal coach.At 41 years old, Ronaldo could become the first player to feature in a sixth World Cup.The new five‑substitution rule gives Martinez tactical leeway to deploy Ronaldo in specific moments, such as late‑game attacks or set‑piece situations, without requiring him to start every match.Implications for Portugal’s Tactical Flexibility and Squad MoraleBy anchoring selection to form, Martinez aims to preserve squad harmony and avoid the "noise" that surrounds the captain’s presence. He noted that Ronaldo’s "elite brain" and daily pursuit of improvement make him valuable beyond raw statistics, contributing to space creation and defensive discipline.Enhanced squad morale: players understand that merit, not reputation, dictates playing time.Tactical adaptability: the coach can switch between a "starting" and "finishing" lineup, using Ronaldo’s experience in high‑pressure moments.What Lies Ahead: Potential Scenarios for Ronaldo in North AmericaLooking forward, Martinez outlined three realistic pathways:Full‑starter role if training metrics and match fitness remain elite.Impact substitute leveraging the five‑sub rule to introduce Ronaldo late in games where a goal is needed.Mentorship focus where his presence influences younger attackers, even if minutes are limited.Regardless of the scenario, the coach affirmed that "the players are always on the pitch on merit," and that the final squad will reflect the evidence gathered in the days leading up to the tournament.