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The Science Behind Cold Exposure and Weight Loss Wearing an ice vest or taking daily cold showers could help people lose weight, according to researchers. Despite the growing popularity of cold-water swimming and freezing plunges, to date there is minimal data on the health benefits of cold exposure. But a study of 47 adults with obesity or overweight has found that regular exposure to cold temperatures led to fat loss. The Study's Methodology and Findings Researchers at the University of Nottingham and the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) in the Netherlands gave half the participants an ice vest and waist wrap to wear for two hours every morning, while continuing their daily lives. The vests and waist wrap were worn on top of a thin T-shirt and contained gel-filled cooling packs that had been kept overnight in the freezer and maintained a temperature of 15C. In six weeks, participants lost 0.9kg (2lb), made up almost entirely of body fat, whereas the control group did not lose any weight and put on 0.6kg (1.3lb) on average. The Impact of Cold Exposure on Metabolism The lead researcher, Dr Mariëtte Boon, of LUMC, said: “This is one of the first studies looking at the impact of cold exposure over a prolonged period of time, involving people with overweight and obesity.” She added: “Vests like this can be worn at home and so cold exposure could be a simple and inexpensive addition to lifestyle strategies for weight loss such as healthy eating and physical activity.” The Potential for Cold Showers as a Weight Loss Tool The researchers, jointly funded by the Dutch Heart Foundation and the British Heart Foundation, are investigating whether other forms of regular cold exposure could reduce obesity, inflammation and prevent heart disease. The authors are conducting a separate study of 34 women in the Netherlands to see if cold showers also promote fat loss. Half of the women will have their shower on the coldest setting for 90 seconds every morning.

The Lead: A Weekend of Sporting DramaSports fans are in for a treat as this weekend features some of the most anticipated events in the sporting calendar. The FA Cup final between Manchester City and Chelsea takes center stage at Wembley, while the US PGA tournament and crucial football matches across various leagues add to the excitement.The Event Details: FA Cup Final ShowdownThe FA Cup final between Manchester City and Chelsea promises to be a captivating encounter. For Manchester City, victory would keep alive their hopes of a domestic treble, having already won the League Cup and still hunting Arsenal in the title race. For Chelsea, it represents an opportunity to end a difficult season on a high note, winning their first domestic trophy in eight years and breaking a Wembley final losing streak that includes three consecutive defeats between 2020 and 2022.The Event Details: Scottish Premiership Title RaceNorth of the border, Celtic and Hearts face off in what could be one of the most significant matches in Scottish football history. Hearts have led the Scottish Premiership for most of the season but Celtic are just one point behind and know victory would deliver a 14th title in 15 seasons. The match has added extra spice as it's essentially a one-game shootout for the title, with Hearts needing to avoid defeat to end a 66-year wait to win the championship.The Event Details: USPGA TournamentIn golf, the USPGA tournament at Aronimink is reaching a critical stage with Scottie Scheffler, the world No. 1, and former champion Martin Kaymer setting the pace. Jordan Spieth is seeking a career grand slam while Masters champion Rory McIlroy has struggled, making for an intriguing third round of competition.The Impact Analysis: Premier League ImplicationsWhile the FA Cup final captures the headlines, the Premier League season is reaching its climax with six matches on Sunday that could have significant implications for the final standings. Manchester United's match against Nottingham Forest could see Michael Carrick appointed as permanent head coach if they secure third place. Meanwhile, Arsenal's upcoming match against Burnley on Monday has huge implications for the title race, with the Gunners looking to close the gap on Manchester City.The Impact Analysis: Women's Football FocusThe Women's Super League concludes its season with all 12 clubs playing for pride on the final day. Key fixtures include Brighton facing Tottenham before their first Women's FA Cup final, Chelsea meeting Manchester United in a match that could see them finish above Arsenal, and Liverpool versus Arsenal with their final positions in the table up for grabs. Chelsea will also be bidding farewell to Sam Kerr, who recently became the club's all-time top scorer in the WSL before leaving when her contract expires this summer.The Prediction: What to Watch ForLooking ahead, the FA Cup final is likely to be a tight affair given Manchester City's recent cup final upsets and Chelsea's need for redemption. In the Scottish Premiership, Hearts will be desperate to secure their first title since 1960, while Celtic will be aiming to maintain their dominance. In golf, expect Scheffler to maintain his form as he pursues another major victory. The Premier League matches will provide valuable preparation for next season's campaigns, with several teams using these final games to build momentum.

The Lead A recent report by the Muslim Council of Britain has found that Muslims make up 6.5 percent of the population of England and Wales, with a median age of just 27 – 13 years younger than the national average. Nearly half are under 25, meaning British Muslims are one of the youngest and fastest-growing groups in the country. Demographic Shift Researchers say that shift could become politically significant if the voting age is lowered to 16, potentially adding about 150,000 more Muslim voters to the electorate. “This is a young, British-born, highly educated generation, and politicians who still think of Muslims as outsiders are reading from a script that is 20 years out of date,” said Miqdad Asaria, associate professor in health policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Education and Inequality The report, British Muslims in Numbers, analyses census data across 2001, 2011 and 2021 and argues that much of Britain’s understanding of Muslim life is now outdated. British Muslims remain one of the youngest populations in England and Wales, with a median age of 27. However, the report also paints a stark picture of inequality and struggle, with about 110,000 Muslim households – 10.3 percent – being lone-parent households with dependent children, higher than the national average of 6.9 percent. Signs of Social Mobility Despite these challenges, the report documents signs of social mobility. Muslim women’s economic activity has risen by 37 percent over the past two decades. Nearly a third of Muslims now hold degrees, close to the national average, while among 16–24-year-olds, Muslims now exceed the national average for degree-level attainment. The Future Outlook For researchers behind the report, the central question is no longer whether Muslims belong, but whether Britain’s institutions are prepared for the scale of the demographic and social change already under way. “Muslims are increasingly well-educated, entrepreneurial, economically active and engaged citizens,” said Abdul-Azim Ahmed, deputy director of the Centre for the Study of Islam in the UK.

The Departure of WSL Icons The Women's Super League season finale marks the end of an era, not only due to the league's expansion to 14 teams but also because of the departure of several key players synonymous with their clubs. The confirmation of Sam Kerr's exit from Chelsea, Beth Mead's departure from Arsenal, and Khadija 'Bunny' Shaw's decision to leave Manchester City means the division's top three clubs are bidding farewell to forwards who have been modern icons of their clubs. The Impact on Top Clubs These players have scored a combined 316 goals for their clubs and will leave with at least one WSL title under their belts; Kerr has five. Their departures will significantly impact the forward lines of Chelsea, Arsenal, and Manchester City. A 'merry-go-round' of player movements could begin, with Mead understood to be close to a move to Manchester City. The Striker Market Analysis The striker market is set to enter a fascinating summer, with several top scorers in the WSL entering the final year of their deals. Kirsty Hanson, the WSL's second-top scorer this season, and Vivianne Miedema have contracts until 2027. The Tottenham captain, Bethany England, is poised for an emotional farewell after playing a talismanic role at the club for three and a half years. The Future Outlook This summer, several clubs, including Chelsea, will undergo rebuilds. The transfer window is expected to be highly active, with many clubs monitoring young talent like Felicia Schröder, the 19-year-old Häcken striker. The retirements of WSL stalwarts like Millie Bright, Laura Coombs, and Lucy Staniforth add to the sense that this marks the end of an era in the Women's Super League.

The LeadPunk, intellectual, feminist, theorist, brave as hell, vulnerable, funny—Valie Export was a hero to many women. Since the 1960s, she was driven by a fierce conviction that art and media would play an essential role in women's liberation: that women must picture their own reality in the name of social progress. In Women's Art: A Manifesto (1972), she wrote that women must "use art as a means of expression, so as to influence the consciousness of all of us". What she demanded was revolution.The Revolutionary Art of Valie ExportI keep returning to her work. Can't stay away. Her work was heavy with explicit threat and pain, and she made evident the violence of forcing women's bodies to inhabit structures that were not designed for them. For the 1973 performance Hyperbulia she crept naked through a corridor of electrified wires, exposing herself voluntarily to shocks. Her 1976 photocollage The Birth Madonna shows a woman positioned like a Renaissance Madonna seated on a drying machine from which spews a bloody towel—it still provokes shock.Challenging Societal ConstraintsExport spoke with tremendous clarity about her work and the ideas underpinning it. Her father died during the war, and she was sent to a convent with her two sisters while their mother worked as a primary school teacher. The first of her many expulsions came aged 10 when she was discovered exploring the nun's living quarters. Her experience of girlhood was of constraint—of having little or no control over her own life.In 1967, aged 27, she swapped her married name Waltraud Höllinger for the moniker VALIE EXPORT. A play on a cigarette brand, written in capital letters, it was a decisive rejection of patriarchal structures. She would be known neither by her father's name, nor by her ex-husband's.The Power of PerformanceHer work was intended to explode the structures containing her—in cinema, in art and in the wider society. In Action Pants: Genital Panic (1969) she walked along the rows of a Munich art cinema with her exposed pubic region level with punters' faces, and plastered the walls of Vienna with posters of herself in crotchless trousers holding a gun.For Tap and Touch Cinema in 1968, she constructed a theatre in a box strapped to her chest, with people on the street invited to reach into the darkness and touch her breasts while she watched them. Documentary of the performance exposes the shifting power dynamic between Export and the men who accept the invitation. It was brilliantly subversive and unsettling.More recently, her 1968 performance From the Portfolio of Doggedness has drawn attention—during which she led Peter Weibel crawling through the streets of Vienna by a dog lead. Weibel was dressed in a business suit, a disturbing echo of the commuters milling around him.A Lasting Feminist LegacyHer 1972 manifesto described how the spark kindled by women's art might ignite far-reaching social change. It concludes by stating the importance of documenting and honouring the life and work of those who had come before, as we must now do hers. "The future of women will be the history of woman."I grieve her in the most selfish way: there were so many things I wanted to ask her about. Having survived decades in which women's art was marginalised and ignored, she had so much to tell us. Like a fool, I kept delaying a planned interview. Now it's too late.

A Global Celebration of Visual Storytelling For the 15th installment of the annual Photoville festival, which sees more than 90 exhibits of photographic portfolios from all around the world, festival co-founder Sam Barzilay is thinking about apples – specifically the bizarre and at times cosmic-looking ones in the exhibit Old Apples. "I was so delighted it got selected," he enthusiastically shared. "It's the most whimsical thing we have, it's about apples and how there are no two apples in nature that are the same." Diverse Exhibitions Reflect Contemporary Society With exhibitions celebrating everything from cumbia music to the many ways people play soccer globally and even a fox sanctuary, Photoville may be more whimsical than ever, but the show also delivers a satisfying range of the hard-hitting reportage and documentation that have made prior years so vital. Collections this year run the gamut from turbocharged wildfires in the western US to how racial inequalities affect water access to the ways in which ICE has brought chaos to many American communities. Amplifying Marginalized Voices Through Photography In light of efforts by the Trump administration to erase the reality of trans people, Photoville offers two exhibits that attest to the enduring nature of trans lives. Special Girls, which draws from the mammoth archive of photographer Remsen Wolff, shows off 1990s-era photos of trans women, as well as gender nonconforming individuals such as crossdressers and drag queens. "The world has changed dramatically from then to today," said Barzilay, "this is a celebration of the fact that this is not a new idea." Documenting Human Resilience in Challenging Circumstances Lexi Parra's portfolio of work The Avillas documents what happens after the titular family's matriarch self-deports amid terrifying threats directed toward immigrants in the United States by the Trump administration. The photos make for an extremely difficult reminder of what happens when a beloved member of a family is torn away from it. "It's looking at their lives today as they try to figure out what to do next," said Barzilay. The extremely moving collection Puppies Behind Bars is the fruit of the nearly two years that photographers Ashley Gilbertson and Ava Pellor spent in the men's maximum security Green Haven, documenting the titular program wherein those incarcerated raise puppies to become service dogs. "The dogs humanize an environment that's devoid of all humanity," said Gilbertson. "It gives men who have committed grave crimes against society a chance to do something, it gives men a chance to show weakness and vulnerability to be emotionally open and playful, it gives them a sense of responsibility." Cultural Preservation Through Visual Documentation The Women's Grass by Blackfeet Nation photographer Whitney Snow documents that intricate web of cultural knowledge and practice that has grown around sweetgrass. Long used by the Blackfeet in both religious ceremonies and as medicine, the plant is the province of the tribe's women, who have passed down knowledge of sweetgrass from generation to generation. "Women are held to a very high regard in our society," Snow said. "To have plant knowledge like that is considered very prestigious." The Future of Documentary Photography Festivals As Photoville continues to grow in its 15th year, it represents a vital platform for photographers addressing pressing social issues while also celebrating the beauty and diversity of human experience. The festival's ability to balance whimsical, light-hearted exhibitions with profound social commentary demonstrates the power of photography to both comfort and challenge viewers. In an increasingly polarized world, events like Photoville provide spaces where diverse perspectives can be shared and understood, suggesting that documentary photography festivals will continue to play an essential role in fostering empathy and understanding in the years to come.

The Misconceptions of Women's Sexuality in Ancient Times A recent study on women's pleasure has revealed that people around the world are having less sex. In Britain, the US, France, and Australia, the frequency of sex has been declining. However, this trend is not universal, with Denmark appearing to buck the trend. The Ancient Perception of Women's Sexuality In ancient Greece and Rome, women were often seen as 'nymphomaniacs' with a voracious sexual appetite. This perception was not a positive thing, but rather an illness that society needed to control. The Hippocratic Corpus, a body of medical texts from ancient Greece, believed that women's wombs were not fixed and could wander freely within the body, posing health risks. The Medical Theory of the Wandering Womb According to the Hippocratic Corpus, the womb required moisture to stay in place, and women needed to have regular sex to create moisture in their genitals. This theory was taken seriously, with the case of Apuleius, a Roman who argued that his wife had married him to cure her of a wandering womb. The Shift in Understanding Women's Sexuality Over time, the understanding of women's sexuality has changed. Today, women's desire is often seen as buried deep, in need of excavation. The sex historian Kate Lister has highlighted the 'lie back and think of England' euphemism, which exemplifies the modern historical idea that sex is purely for men and women must grin and bear it. The Impact on Women's Pleasure The article suggests that the portrayal of women as the more sexual sex in antiquity was not a good thing, but rather a manifestation of societal control. Women's pleasure was not prioritized, with ancient attitudes putting a dent in female pleasure. However, women still found opportunities to explore what felt good to them, with evidence of ancient dildos and love declarations. The Future of Women's Sexuality The article concludes that history offers two opposing understandings of women's sexuality, but both attitudes manifest the same thing: an ironing out of individuality and complexity of sexuality and desire. The future of women's sexuality remains uncertain, but it is clear that a more nuanced understanding of women's pleasure is needed.

The Quiz Overview: A Week of Cross‑Sport ChallengesThe Guardian’s latest quiz pits readers against a mix of football, rugby, cycling, golf, boxing and NFL trivia, reflecting the diverse headlines that dominate the sports week of 15 May 2026.Football Focus: FA Cup, European Cup and Premier League TriviaEuropean Cup final 55 years ago: Correct answer – Athens and Amsterdam. (Ajax beat Panathinaikos in a London final.)Benfica under José Mourinho: Correct answer – They have not lost a league game. (Unbeaten in 33 league matches, third in the table.)Premier League team with a 12‑12‑12 record: Correct answer – Sunderland. (Sitting 12th in the table.)Rugby & Women’s Six Nations HighlightsWomen’s Six Nations contenders: Correct answer – England and France. (Both level on points, meeting in Bordeaux.)Challenge Cup semi‑finals – side that failed to score: Correct answer – St Helens. (Wigan beat them 32‑0.)Women’s Super League treble holders: Correct answer – Wigan Warriors. (Defending champions.)Cycling, Golf and Grand Tour MilestonesFirst cyclist from which country to win a Grand Tour stage: Correct answer – Uruguay. (Guillermo Thomas Silva’s Giro d’Italia stage win.)Potential seventh career Grand Slam winner at the PGA Championship: Correct answer – Jordan Spieth. (Only three majors won previously.)Boxing, NFL and Other Sporting OdditiesNFL’s nine overseas games – first‑time destinations: Correct answer – France and Australia. (League will also visit Melbourne, Rio, Munich, Mexico City, Madrid and London.)Dubois vs Wardley heavyweight title fight outcome: Correct answer – Dubois came off the canvas and stopped Wardley in the 11th round. (Dubois regained the world title.)João Cancelo’s league‑title‑less country: Correct answer – France. (Titles won in Portugal, Italy, England, Germany, Spain.)Katie Archibald’s post‑retirement path: Correct answer – … training to be a nurse. (She’s “fallen completely in love” with nursing.)Club with three consecutive FA Cup final losses: Correct answer – Chelsea. (Lost in 2020, 2021 and 2022.)Italian Open delay cause: Correct answer – Smoke from fireworks at the nearby Coppa Italia final. (Smoke affected visibility and line‑calling.)What These Questions Reveal About Current Sports NarrativesThe mix of questions underscores several trends: the growing global footprint of the NFL, the resurgence of women’s rugby and rugby league, historic milestones in cycling for non‑traditional nations, and the continued intrigue around managerial moves in European football. The quiz also highlights the narrative of unbeaten runs (Benfica) and the ever‑present drama of heavyweight boxing comebacks.Looking Ahead: Upcoming Fixtures and StorylinesFans can anticipate the FA Cup final showdown between Manchester City and Chelsea, a packed schedule of NFL overseas matches, the next stages of the Giro d’Italia, and the decisive Women’s Six Nations clash in Bordeaux. The outcomes of these events will likely feed the next round of quiz challenges and shape the sporting conversation for weeks to come.

The LeadSam Kerr will leave Chelsea this summer when her contract expires, ending her six-and-a-half-year spell with the English side. The Australia striker is Chelsea's leading goalscorer in the Women's Super League with 64 goals and has scored 115 times for the Londoners in all competitions.A Chelsea LegacyThe 32-year-old has made 177 appearances for Chelsea, making her the fourth-highest player on their all-time appearance list. She will go into Saturday's final league match of the season, at home to Manchester United at Stamford Bridge, just one goal behind Fran Kirby's all-time Chelsea goals record in all competitions.Trophy CollectionDuring her time with Chelsea, Kerr has won five WSL titles, three FA Cups, and three League Cups. Her achievements include winning the WSL's Golden Boot twice and being named as the Football Writers' Association's women's footballer of the year twice in succession in 2022 and 2023. She was also the Ballon d'Or runner-up in 2023.Impact on Women's FootballWhen reflecting on her Chelsea career, Kerr stated: "When I reflect on my Chelsea career, I just feel happy. Happy that it happened, and I feel so grateful to have played for this club for six years and won as many trophies as we could." The club statement thanked Kerr for her "incredible contribution to our success on the pitch and sustained growth off it."What's Next for Kerr and ChelseaThe news comes as Chelsea are understood to be the favourites to secure the signature of the Manchester City striker Khadija Shaw, this season's WSL top scorer. The Guardian revealed earlier in May that Shaw has decided to leave City at the end of her contract this summer, with Chelsea reportedly offering the Jamaica striker a £1m-per-year contract.