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The Challenge of Translating ShakespeareThe great Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, who translated William Faulkner, André Gide, Franz Kafka and Virginia Woolf into Spanish, drew the line at Shakespeare. Speaking of the moment when Hamlet asks the ghost why it returns to haunt "the glimpses of the moon", Borges commented: "I don't think it can be translated. Perhaps the words can be translated. Certainly Shakespeare cannot be translated. 'The glimpses of the moon' means exactly 'the glimpses of the moon'."All, however, is not lost. "It has been said that Shakespeare cannot be translated into any other language," Borges added. "But Shakespeare cannot be translated into English, either, since he wrote what [Robert Louis] Stevenson called 'that amazing dialect, the Shakespeare-ese'." This might not be entirely true, as the translator Daniel Hahn points out in this superbly diverting book. Recalling a hip-hop production of Romeo and Juliet he once saw, he persuades us instantly that "the phrase 'Do you kiss your teeth at me, fam?' proved to be a perfect translation of 'Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?'"Shakespeare Across LanguagesAnd if into English, then why not into Portuguese, or French, or Māori? Hahn's project is to argue that "Shakespeare with every word changed can still be great, and can remain Shakespeare", and to that end he reproduces chunks of Dutch, Russian, Welsh, Thai, Arabic, Japanese, and a dozen other languages, betting that by simply counting syllables or observing alliteration in a language one doesn't understand (as he cheerfully admits, he doesn't understand Danish), one can learn something about the quality of a translation. I wasn't convinced that wager worked much of the time, but the typesetters, as you can imagine, were certainly getting a decent workout, and the gambit does finally pay off when a long passage from Twelfth Night is annotated by boxes mentioning dozens of different translators' choices.Cultural Adaptations in TranslationWhat really illuminates the book are Hahn's conversations with his fellow translators, who can explain their choices directly. In Māori, we learn, Lady Macbeth's question to her husband, "Are you a man?", makes no sense at all, so the translator Te Haumihiata Mason renders it as something roughly meaning "Have you got balls?" – "which is," Hahn notes contentedly, "exactly what Lady M is asking." Meanwhile, Prince Hal's name means "fish" in Hungarian, which would be unhelpfully distracting, so it gets changed to Riki, short for Henrik.Hahn also offers many asides about the annoyances and pleasures of translation in general. "The word 'literal' is annoyingly overused to suggest a sort of 'neutral' translation, which cannot exist," he complains; and he shows that, in many cases, a non-literal choice would be better. When Mark Antony imagines Caesar's spirit to "cry 'Havoc'", for example, the closest Portuguese word is the rather weak-sounding "devastação"; a better choice, Hahn shows, is "matança" (killing), because it's shorter and more easily shoutable.Translating Verse and JokesEach chapter addresses a different question translators face, for example whether to translate into verse (careful: as one French translator observes, you risk making "a genius into a talented versifier"), or how to translate jokes: it's usually best, everyone agrees, to create an entirely new joke – "being faithful to the laugh", as Hahn calls it. In a German Midsummer Night's Dream, to preserve the doggerel rhymes, we are promised not that Thisbe will be in "mulberry shade" but that she will be "hiding like a newt". Translators might even embrace the possibility of a joke where none previously existed – which Hahn illustrates brightly by mentioning that the "sorting hat" in Harry Potter has become, in French, le choixpeau (the chapeau that chooses).Poetic Elements and Title AdaptationsCan you even preserve alliteration? Sometimes, if you're lucky: Love's Labour's Lost received the surely unimprovable Greek title of "Agapēs Agōnas Agonos" ("the struggles of love are barren"). But when no such fortunate tricks are available, you can simply replace one idiom with another: so, in Spanish, Much Ado About Nothing is often called "A lot of noise, not many nuts".There are quibbles to be made here and there. Hahn calls a line from Richard III "irregular" after counting syllables, but it's a perfectly regular line that begins with an anapest (da-da-dum). And when Juliet says to Romeo "You kiss by th'book", Hahn glosses this as her approvingly noting his "formal courtship", but she is surely issuing a flirtatious challenge. And – this being the publisher's rather than the author's fault – the book has been produced, inexplicably, without an index.The Value of TranslationAll may be forgiven, though, for the delight and endless curiosity displayed in these pages. "In Shakespeare, people get sad with precision," Hahn enthuses. And he is cherishably bitchy about certain literary "translators" who somehow produce new English versions of Chekhov or Ibsen without speaking the source language – the process being, as he surmises, "a sort of high-status prettying up of a so-called 'literal' translation". By the end of the book, Hahn has amply demonstrated not only the treasures of other languages, but also the rich and strange inexhaustibility of Shakespeare himself.

Arthur Fils has turned a career‑threatening back injury into a springboard, emerging as one of the sport’s most charismatic contenders just as the French Open looms. The Parisian’s recent ATP 500 triumph in Barcelona and back‑to‑back Masters 1000 semi‑finals have vaulted him to No 5 in the ATP Race, while his candid interviews reveal a player who refuses to back down.The Comeback Narrative: From Back Fracture to ATP Race Top FiveFils spent eight months recovering from a stress fracture that forced his withdrawal from the 2025 French Open. During that period he overhauled his training, shedding weight and re‑engineering his strokes. The results are evident in his recent form:Winner of the ATP 500 Barcelona (June 2026)Semi‑finalist at the Miami Masters 1000 and Madrid Masters 1000Current position: No 5 in the ATP RaceInside the Technical Overhaul: New Service Motion and Forehand AdjustmentsGuided by coach Ivan Cinkus and mentor Goran Ivanisevic, Fils introduced several biomechanical tweaks:Lengthened service motion to increase racket head speedShortened forehand swing for a more compact, explosive hitAdopted open‑stance backhand slides across all surfacesReduced overall body mass to alleviate back stressThese changes have translated into a heavier, more reliable forehand and a steadier serve, key factors in his recent deep runs.Numbers That Matter: Rankings, Titles, and Prize MoneyThe statistical impact of Fils’s resurgence is striking:ATP Race points: 3,850 (up from 1,200 pre‑injury)Prize earnings 2026 (to date): $2.3 millionMatch win‑loss record 2026: 22‑5His climb to No 5 places him ahead of seasoned rivals such as Jannik Sinner and Carlos Alcaraz in the race for year‑end championships.Cultural Resonance: French Expectations and Family InfluenceFils’s story resonates beyond the court. Raised by his father Jean‑Philippe, a Haitian‑born former basketball player, the duo embodies a “tough love” ethos that contrasts with traditional French sporting narratives. Their close partnership—Jean‑Philippe travels to nearly every tournament—has become a talking point in French media, where athletes are often scrutinized harshly.His outspoken nature, from confronting trainers to calling out critics like Simon Dutin, underscores a shift toward more authentic athlete voices in French tennis.Looking Ahead: What Fils’s Trajectory Means for the 2026 SeasonWith the French Open imminent, expectations are high. If Fils maintains his physical health and continues to refine his game, he could:Challenge for his first Grand Slam semifinal or finalPotentially break into the top‑3 of the ATP rankings by year‑endInspire a new generation of French players to adopt a more aggressive, personality‑driven styleRegardless of the outcome, Fils’s blend of talent, tenacity, and transparency promises to keep him at the centre of tennis conversations throughout 2026 and beyond.

The Rise of AI-Generated Research Papers ArXiv, a widely used open repository for preprint research, is taking steps to crack down on the careless use of large language models in scientific papers. Although papers are posted to the site before they are peer-reviewed, ArXiv has become one of the main ways that research circulates in fields like computer science and math. ArXiv's New Policy The organization has already taken steps to combat a growing number of low-quality, AI-generated papers, such as requiring first-time posters to get an endorsement from an established author. In its latest move, ArXiv will ban authors for a year if they submit papers that contain "incontrovertible evidence" that the authors did not check the results of LLM generation. The Data Analysis Authors who submit AI-generated papers without proper oversight will face a 1-year ban from ArXiv. After the ban, authors will be required to have subsequent ArXiv submissions accepted by a reputable peer-reviewed venue. The Impact Analysis Recent peer-reviewed research has found that fabricated citations are on the rise in biomedical research, likely due to LLMs. ArXiv's new policy aims to ensure that authors take "full responsibility" for the content, "irrespective of how the contents are generated." The Prediction The move is expected to have a significant impact on the scientific community, as researchers will need to be more transparent about their use of AI-generated content. ArXiv's new policy is a "one-strike" rule, but moderators must flag the issue and section chairs must confirm the evidence before imposing the penalty. Authors will also be able to appeal the decision.

The Personal Mission Behind the InvestmentReed Jobs, son of Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, is bringing his oncology-focused venture capital fund Yosemite to the UK, seeking investment opportunities in cancer care. The 34-year-old's mission is deeply personal, stemming from witnessing his father's death from a rare form of pancreatic cancer in 2011 at age 56. "I saw my dad have cancer when I was a kid, and unfortunately that happens far too often. And that really motivated me to try to transform outcomes for other people out there," Jobs explains.Yosemite's Healthcare Investment StrategyThe San Francisco-based venture fund, named after the California national park where his parents married, manages over $1 billion in assets and has already invested in approximately 20 healthcare startups. Yosemite focuses on innovative approaches to cancer treatment, including gene therapy, cancer vaccines, radiopharmaceuticals, and artificial intelligence. Notable investments include Tune Therapeutics, Azalea Therapeutics, Chai Discovery, and Sage Care in the US, with several UK companies in their portfolio that haven't been publicly announced.Financial Backing and International PartnershipsYosemite receives investment from LifeArc, a UK not-for-profit group focused on rare diseases that was established in 2000 as part of the UK's Medical Research Council. The fund also has partnerships with Oxford and Cambridge universities, where it has provided philanthropic grants. Additional backing comes from US biotech company Amgen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, and billionaire investor John Doerr, following a fundraiser earlier this year.UK's Position in Global Cancer Research"Research here is world class," Jobs states during his visit to London for a life sciences conference hosted by LifeArc. The UK's strong academic institutions and research environment make it an attractive location for healthcare investment. Yosemite's international investment strategy includes the UK, where the fund aims to connect with pharmaceutical partners and academics to advance cancer treatment possibilities.Future Vision for Cancer TreatmentJobs envisions a future where cancer shifts from being an "end-stage disease" to an illness that is diagnosed early, monitored, and treated—similar to advances made with HIV and cardiovascular disease. "Today far too many cancers are either diagnosed incidentally, because there's no good early biomarker, or only diagnosed once they are metastatic and extremely advanced," he notes. The fund is particularly focused on immunotherapy, which Jobs identifies as "one of the areas I think is going to have the most promise for patients in the next couple of decades."

Screening men for prostate cancer with a PSA blood test can save lives, yet the overall gain is limited and comes with a risk of overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment, according to the most comprehensive review to date.Study Confirms PSA Screening Reduces MortalityThe Cochrane review, led by Dr Juan Franco of Heinrich Heine University, analysed six randomized trials covering nearly 800,000 men. The longest follow‑up came from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC), which tracked participants for 23 years.Numbers Reveal Modest Absolute BenefitScreening prevented 2 prostate‑cancer deaths per 1,000 men screened.To avert a single death, 500 men must be screened.For every 1,000 men screened, roughly 30 additional men were diagnosed with cancers that might never have caused symptoms.Post‑treatment side‑effects (urinary or sexual dysfunction) were reported by 8‑47 % of men in the ProtecT trial.Balancing Life‑Saving Potential Against Overdiagnosis RisksProstate cancer is common—over 64,000 new cases are diagnosed annually in the UK, with higher incidence among Black men. While the UK National Screening Committee currently advises against routine PSA screening, it recommends targeted testing for men with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. Experts such as Prof Philipp Dahm stress that screening is most sensible for men with a life expectancy of at least 10‑15 years, given the disease’s often slow progression.Critics point out that many detected tumours are low‑risk, leading to treatments that can cause incontinence and impotence. The review highlights emerging strategies—multi‑protein blood markers, MRI‑guided pathways, and active surveillance—that aim to improve specificity, though their impact on mortality remains unproven.Future Direction: Precision Screening and Policy DecisionsResearchers call for further trials to close evidence gaps and to evaluate whether newer biomarker panels and imaging can preserve the mortality benefit while reducing harms. Policymakers face a nuanced choice: maintain a cautious, risk‑based screening framework or expand programmes as diagnostic technologies mature.In the interim, clinicians are urged to engage in shared decision‑making, ensuring men receive balanced information about both the potential life‑saving advantage and the possible long‑term side‑effects of treatment.

The LeadEnsemble Modern and HK Gruber's album "Dancing on a Volcano" presents an eclectic snapshot of musical Germany between 1920 and 1933, capturing a creative era that would be suppressed by the Nazi regime. This live recording features works by composers who ultimately fled Germany, their music deemed "too modern, too jazzy, too Jewish" by the rising fascist power.The Musical Landscape of Pre-War GermanyThe album showcases four distinct voices from this turbulent period. Hindemith's Kammermusik No 1, premiered in 1922, was controversially described as having "a lewdness and frivolity only possible for a very special kind of composer." Gruber's performance embraces its neo-classical spikiness and jazz-age energy with almost cartoonish glee.In contrast, Korngold's 1920 music for Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing represents Viennese neo-Romanticism, which Gruber leavens with a pinch of acerbic wit. Schoenberg's Accompaniment to a Cinematographic Scene, premiered in 1930 under Klemperer, offers eight minutes of existential angst in Johannes Schöllhorn's lean-textured 1993 chamber version.The Historical Context and Cultural SignificanceThe period represented by this album—1920 to 1933—encompasses the Weimar Republic, a time of extraordinary cultural flourishing in Germany despite economic and political instability. The featured composers represent the diversity of musical expression during this era, from Hindemith's modernism to Korngold's Romanticism to Schoenberg's atonality.What makes this recording particularly significant is how it captures music that would soon be suppressed by the Nazi regime. The album's title itself, "Dancing on a Volcano," evokes the sense of living on the edge of catastrophe that characterized this period.The Legacy of ExileAll four composers featured on this album ultimately left Germany and settled in the United States, forced into exile by the Nazi regime. Their departure represented a profound brain drain for German musical culture, as these composers had been at the forefront of musical innovation.The jewel in the crown of this recording is Gruber and Christian Muthspiel's Kurt Weill Foundation-sanctioned arrangement of The Seven Deadly Sins. Wallis Giunta's performance, more opera diva than Weimar chanteuse, delivers no shortage of bite, while Amarcord's male quartet kvetch and wheedle as her rapacious family. Gruber's razor-sharp yet flexible interpretation drips idiomatic venom.Contemporary Relevance and Musical ResilienceThis album serves as both a historical document and a vibrant musical experience. The works featured demonstrate not only the creativity of this period but also the resilience of art in the face of political oppression. By recording these pieces today, Ensemble Modern and HK Gruber ensure that this important chapter in musical history continues to be heard and appreciated.The recording is available on streaming platforms, making this historically significant music accessible to new audiences who might otherwise never encounter these works. In an era where political polarization once again threatens artistic freedom, this album serves as both a reminder of what was lost and a celebration of what endures.

Spotify Announces Adoption of Apple’s HLS Video Streaming Spotify confirmed on Thursday that it will support Apple’s HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) technology, first rolled out on Apple Podcasts, to power video podcasts hosted on its platform. The integration enables creators to publish and monetize video episodes on Apple Podcasts while keeping their existing Spotify setup unchanged. Technical Integration of HLS into Spotify’s Podcast Platform HLS automatically adjusts video quality in real time based on the listener’s network conditions, delivering smooth playback over Wi‑Fi or cellular connections. Spotify plans to roll out the HLS upgrade later in 2026, ensuring a consistent high‑quality experience for all video podcast listeners. Scale of Video Podcast Consumption on Spotify As of November 2025, nearly half a million shows have streamed video podcasts on Spotify. More than 390 million users have accessed video podcast content. Cross‑Platform Opportunities and Competitive Landscape The HLS adoption removes a technical barrier between Spotify and Apple’s podcast ecosystems, expanding creator reach without requiring additional infrastructure. It also complements Spotify’s recent initiatives, such as direct sales options and new partner integrations, and supports hosting providers—including Libsyn, Podigee, Audioboom, Audiomeans, and Podspace—to publish video podcasts directly to Spotify. Future Outlook for Video Podcast Monetization By simplifying distribution and enhancing video quality, Spotify positions itself to capture a larger share of the growing video‑first podcast audience. The combined effect of broader platform access and expanded revenue tools suggests accelerated growth in video podcast production and a tighter competitive race with Apple for creator loyalty.

Breakthrough Eye‑Scan Technology UnveiledResearchers disclosed a novel ocular imaging method that can spot disease markers long before patients experience any symptoms. The announcement, made on 2026‑05‑13, highlights the scan's ability to analyze retinal biomarkers linked to systemic conditions.Mechanism Behind Pre‑Symptomatic DetectionThe scan leverages high‑resolution retinal photography combined with AI‑driven pattern recognition. By mapping micro‑vascular changes and cellular anomalies, the system flags early signs of illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and neurodegenerative disorders.Non‑invasive retinal imagingMachine‑learning algorithms trained on longitudinal health dataDetection window extending years before conventional diagnosisPotential Healthcare Cost ImplicationsEarly identification could reduce long‑term treatment expenses by enabling timely interventions. While specific cost figures were not disclosed, analysts note that preventing disease progression typically lowers hospitalization rates and chronic‑care spending.Implications for Preventive MedicineThis technology aligns with a growing emphasis on preventive care, offering clinicians a tool to monitor patient health proactively. It may also reshape screening protocols, shifting focus from reactive testing to routine ocular assessments.Future Outlook for Early DiagnosisExperts anticipate broader clinical trials and integration into primary‑care settings within the next few years. If validated, the eye scan could become a standard component of annual health check‑ups, accelerating the move toward a pre‑emptive healthcare model.

The Legacy of a Scientific Pioneer My husband Peer Bork, who has died unexpectedly aged 62, was a bioinformatician with a remarkable ability to identify new directions in science and carry out world-class research to push them forward. Revolutionizing Microbiome Research During his career, he progressed from the statistical analysis of the sequences of individual protein molecules, via the analysis of the human genome, to the bioinformatics analysis of whole microbial communities. Peer pioneered the computational analysis of the human microbiome, introducing the concept of gut enterotypes – in work that was highlighted in many newspaper articles as well as on the radio and TV. He went on to study microbial ecosystems worldwide and, at the time of his death, was involved in expanding a consortium that he had initiated to systematically document coastal ecosystems in Europe. All these studies required the creation of bioinformatics tools – software and curated datasets – which are now widely used by the scientific community in academia and industry. A Life in Science Peer was born in the former East Berlin, where his father, Joachim, worked in economic statistics, and his mother, Regina, had an administrative job in the construction industry. Owing to his mathematical abilities, he won a place at a high school specialising in mathematics and science, the Heinrich-Hertz-Oberschule. After military service on the border between East and West Germany, he studied biochemistry at the University of Leipzig. He followed this with a PhD in bioinformatics under the supervision of Jens Reich at the Central Institute for Molecular Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR in Berlin. International Scientific Career After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, Peer joined the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg in 1991 as a visiting scientist. He and I met there and married in Canterbury, Kent, in 1994. We had two sons, Udo and Robin, and family life involved many trips between Germany and Britain. EMBL became Peer's scientific home and he rose up the ranks to become interim director general in 2025. He was dedicated to furthering EMBL – an intergovernmental research organisation with six sites, including the European Bioinformatics Institute near Cambridge. He was an outstanding mentor. Awards and Recognition He made science both challenging and fun. Among his awards, which included honorary doctorates and the 2009 Royal Society and Académie des Sciences Microsoft award, he was particularly proud of the Nature award for mentoring in science he received in 2008. Final Scientific Journey He died in Taiwan, where he was due to speak at an international conference on the microbiome. He loved to travel and make friends all over the world. Peer is survived by me, his sons, by a granddaughter and his mother.