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Syria’s authorities are intensifying a multi‑pronged offensive to dismantle the Captagon network that has long funded militancy and destabilised the region.Syria's Crackdown on Captagon Production and TraffickingSecurity forces have raided clandestine laboratories, seized transport vehicles, and arrested key figures linked to the synthetic stimulant. The effort combines military units, intelligence services, and customs officials, aiming to cut the supply chain at every stage.Scale of the Captagon Market and Recent SeizuresOfficial statements acknowledge a surge in interdictions, though precise tonnage remains undisclosed. Authorities emphasize that the volume of confiscated product now eclipses previous years, signalling a shift in enforcement capacity.Targeted raids on known production hubs in the al‑Hasakah and Deir ez‑Zor provinces.Coordinated border checks along the Turkish, Iraqi, and Jordanian frontiers.Collaboration with international partners, including the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).Regional Security Implications of the Drug TradeCaptagon profits have historically financed rebel groups and extremist outfits across the Levant. By choking this revenue stream, Damascus hopes to weaken armed factions, reduce cross‑border smuggling, and improve its diplomatic standing.Projected Trajectory of Syria’s Anti‑Captagon EffortsAnalysts anticipate that sustained pressure will push traffickers to adopt more covert methods, potentially shifting routes toward maritime pathways in the Mediterranean. Continued international cooperation and investment in detection technology will be crucial to maintaining momentum.

The Lead: Mexico's World Cup 2026 QuestMexicans call their inability to reach the World Cup quarterfinals the Curse of El Quinto Partido (The Fifth Game). El Tri – short for the Tricolour – lost in the last 16 in seven consecutive World Cups, from 1994-2018. Now, coach Javier "Vasco" Aguirre is optimistic about surpassing the barrier, partly because Mexico will be playing at home, the only country to play host to three World Cups.The Home Advantage: Breaking the Quarterfinal CurseMexico's only quarterfinals appearances were when they hosted in 1970 and 1986. Aguirre was in the midfield as El Tri took Germany to penalties in a controversial match in Monterrey at Mexico '86. Colombian referee Jesus Palacio Diaz, who had earlier in the tournament red-carded Iraq's Basil Gorgis in a case of mistaken identity, this time ejected Germany's Thomas Berthold in the 65th minute.Mexico could not capitalise, playing 35 minutes with a numerical advantage before Aguirre was sent off. Aguirre has told his players home advantage "is priceless – England was champion playing at home, and never again".Squad Analysis: Key Players and Tactical ApproachMexico rely on a quick passing game, playing through midfielders Alvaro Fidalgo and Alexis Vega, with 17-year-old Gilberto Mora and Orbelin Pineda backups. Edson "Machin" Alvarez and Luis Romo occupy holding roles, with Luis Chavez and Erik Lira in reserve. Mexico has speed on the wings with Roberto "Piojo" Alvarado and Cesar "Chino" Huerta.Johan Vasquez and Cesar Montes are the only two natural centre backs in the squad. But Aguirre has been changing the look to get playmaking out of the back by dropping Alvarez or Romo into central defence. Jorge Sanchez is the probable starter at right back, challenged by Club America's Israel Reyes, who has been negotiating for a move to AS Roma. At left back, veteran Jesus Gallardo has the edge on 22-year-old Mateo Chavez.Fulham striker Raul Jimenez, 35, leads the attack. Jimenez sustained a fractured skull in a collision with Arsenal's David Luiz in 2020, and has not replicated his previous scoring proficiency. But Jimenez presents a physical presence and has proven his durability in the Premier League. Jimenez ranks third on the Mexico all-time scoring list with 44 goals. Santi Gimenez and Armando "Hormiga" Gonzalez provide other options.In goal, Raul Rangel has replaced Luis Malagon (Achilles rupture). Guillermo Ochoa, 40, will be participating in his sixth World Cup, surpassing Antonio "Cinco Copas" Carbajal's record of five.Group Stage Analysis: Path to ProgressionMexico will be the favourites in Group A, but could be challenged by Czech Republic and South Korea, with South Africa hoping to surprise. The tournament kicks off with Mexico meeting South Africa, a rematch of the 2010 opener, and history will be on El Tri's side – they have a 5W-0L-2D record in seven games during two World Cups at Estadio Azteca.Climate, elevation and strong home support should boost El Tri in Mexico City and Guadalajara and, should they advance, the next games will likely be in Los Angeles or Houston – Mexican strongholds.Match Schedule: Key Fixtures to Watch⚽ June 11: Mexico vs South Africa (Mexico City, Mexico), 3pm ET (19:00 GMT)⚽ June 18: Mexico vs South Korea (Guadalajara, Mexico), 9pm ET (01:00 GMT)⚽ June 24: Czech Republic vs Mexico (Mexico City, Mexico), 9pm ET (01:00 GMT)World Cup Prediction: Breaking Through to QuarterfinalsAl Jazeera predicts Mexico will reach the quarterfinals. If Mexico advance to the knockout rounds, they can count on strong support not only at home, but almost anywhere in the US. The expanded tournament means the fifth game would only be in the round of 16, and they will need to get to a sixth for the quarterfinals.Complete Squad: Mexico's World Cup 2026 RosterGoalkeepers: Raul Rangel (Guadalajara), Guillermo Ochoa (AEL Limassol), Carlos Acevedo (Santos Laguna)Defenders: Israel Reyes (America), Jorge Sanchez (PAOK), Cesar Montes (Lokomotiv Moscow), Johan Vasquez (Genoa), Jesus Gallardo (Toluca), Mateo Chavez (Alkmaar)Midfielders: Edson Alvarez (West Ham), Luis Romo (Guadalajara), Obed Vargas (Atletico Madrid), Brian Gutierrez (Guadalajara), Orbelin Pineda (AEK Athens), Erik Lira (Cruz Azul), Gilberto Mora (Tijuana), Cesar Huerta (Anderlecht), Alvaro Fidalgo (Real Betis), Luis Chavez (Dynamo Moscow).Forwards: Roberto Alvarado (Guadalajara), Alexis Vega (Toluca), Julian Quinones (Al-Qadisiyah), Santiago Gimenez (AC Milan), Guillermo Martínez (Pumas), Armando Gonzalez (Guadalajara), Raul Jimenez (Fulham).

Clarke's Contract Extension: A Calculated Risk or Strategic Masterstroke? The summit of Scottish football provides a wonderful environment for those who value long-term career stops. Neil Doncaster, chief executive of the Scottish Professional Football League, arrived at the then Scottish Premier League in 2009. Ian Maxwell, bizarrely headhunted from relegation-bound Partick Thistle, has been the Scottish Football Association's chief executive since 2018. Scot Gemmill's tenure as the nation's under-21 manager has lasted a decade despite underwhelming results. Glass half full or half empty; either this is a domain that delivers admirable continuity or one in which no one makes sufficient progress to appeal to those in bigger ponds. The Extension and Its Timing Amidst Controversy Against this backdrop, Steve Clarke's four-year extension as Scotland manager is really no surprise. "It's pretty staggering for anyone to say that giving him a new contract is a gamble," said Maxwell. The Scottish FA's president, Mike Mulraney, delivered standard bluster when assessing the deal. "I don't need other people to vindicate my decision," insisted Mulraney. Maxwell and Mulraney lauded Clarke before Scotland toiled at Euro 2024. All three were nowhere to be seen, with no explanations offered, as a footballing nation recoiled with anger at the manner of the team's tournament exit. The Scottish FA has never given the sense of being anything other than beholden to Clarke, or that it is the manager himself who determines his own future. Despite sentiment to the contrary, affording Clarke fresh terms immediately before the World Cup was a bold – and dangerous – call. It at least leaves the impression that finals performance does not matter when, in this one, it absolutely does. The rush to disregard that obvious fact is curious. If Clarke's qualification record was sufficient to earn him a new contract, it should have been actioned immediately after the extraordinary victory over Denmark that secured a World Cup berth. Instead, the topic disappeared until Clarke made plain before March's friendlies that he was uncomfortable with his contractual position. Scotland's Tournament Record Under Clarke The 62-year-old had earlier seemed content to leave after the World Cup until a change of heart that will, in theory, take his reign to 11 years. Cynics may suggest Clarke and his paymasters deduced it will be far more difficult for Scotland not to qualify for Euro 2028 – for which they are a host nation – than to feature in the event. The manager has doubled his salary by way of bonus each time Scotland exited a qualifying phase. Clarke has been a superb Scotland manager. He has massively enhanced standards and attitudes. Three tournament qualifications in four attempts have arrived in different ways, which point towards a multi-dimensional coach. In the past two years Clarke has been more hands-on than ever on the training ground with players responding exceptionally well. Scotland's World Cup Hopes and Managerial Strategy Scotland's World Cup, their bid to make history, essentially boils down to their opening Group C game. Comprehensive victory against Haiti would almost certainly be enough to seal a knockout berth for the first time. Anything else and the situation will feel immediately grim, with Morocco and Brazil lying in wait. Haiti turned heads with a 4-0 dismissal of New Zealand on Wednesday. Still, they are ranked outside the world's top 80 national teams, with their World Cup absence since 1974 making Scotland's 28-year wait appear brief. There will be no excuse for Scotland, armed with five-star facilities, a small army of staff and a playing contingent for whom this World Cup arrives in a career sweet spot, not seizing this moment. Scotland are a decent team rather than an excellent one and the next step on their World Cup journey comes with Saturday evening's warm-up against Bolivia in New Jersey. That night against Denmark was highly rare in that it dipped into the spectacular. Other sides of the same ilk – Australia, the USA, Denmark and Algeria – have progressed from groups in recent World Cup finals. It is apt for the Tartan Army to celebrate their return to this environment but that should not overshadow a serious competitive goal, to show they have learned from shortcomings in 2021 and 2024. What's Next for Scottish Football Post-World Cup? Clarke shot a glance towards the future by involving Tyler Fletcher in his World Cup squad. The Manchester United midfielder has a far higher ceiling than those he edged out for a seat on the plane. Lennon Miller will feel hard done by but the Udinese midfielder, once lauded in Scotland's top flight, can appear one-paced in elite company. Fletcher is precisely the player Scotland can build a future team around. This was an astute Clarke move. So, too, was penning his latest contract; no wonder Scotland's manager looks in high spirits. Whenever he does leave, the challenge will be to fund a coach who Scotland's squad hold in similar esteem. That successor is not readily identifiable, which gives the Scottish FA a slight pass when it comes to sticking to who they know. The narrow-minded obsession with a Scot in the dugout limits their options. Berti Vogts was a long time ago. It would have been judicious for the Scottish FA to wait and see how the World Cup plays out. The standing of managers is a movable feast, rather that one based on guarantees because of prior achievement. If there is trauma, those Scottish FA officials will be in an invidious position. It leaves the rest wonder why on earth they flirted with such needless risk.

The Global Music Spectacle of the 2026 World CupThe 2026 FIFA World Cup will kick off with a series of spectacular opening ceremonies featuring some of the world's biggest music stars across its three host nations. Shakira and Burna Boy will lead the performances in Mexico City, with additional shows in Toronto and Los Angeles featuring artists like Katy Perry, Alanis Morissette, and Michael Buble.Star-Studded Lineup for Host NationsThe opening ceremony in Mexico City, taking place before the match between co-hosts Mexico and South Africa, will feature Shakira and Burna Boy performing "Dai Dai," the official tournament song. The Mexican ceremony will also include Alejandro Fernandez, Belinda, Danny Ocean, J Balvin, Lila Downs, Los Angeles Azules, Mana, and Tyla.For the Canadian show in Toronto on June 12, Alanis Morissette and Michael Buble will headline before Canada's match against Bosnia and Herzegovina. Later that day, the US ceremony in Los Angeles will feature Katy Perry, global pop star LISA, Nigerian Afrobeats star Rema, Brazilian pop artist Anitta, and hip-hop artist Future before the US faces Paraguay.The trio of shows is being produced by Italian producer Marco Balich, who was also behind the spectacular opening ceremony for this year's Milan Cortina Winter Olympics. Each performance will be held approximately 90 minutes before kickoff.The $100 Million Musical InitiativeThe official World Cup song "Dai Dai" aims to raise $100 million in support of the FIFA Global Citizen Education Fund. This significant financial initiative demonstrates how the tournament's cultural programming extends beyond entertainment to support global education causes.Cultural Impact of World Cup CeremoniesThe 2026 World Cup ceremonies continue a tradition of blending sports with cultural performances that began with Diana Ross's memorable 1994 opening ceremony in Chicago, which famously included a missed penalty kick as part of the show. This year's events highlight how the tournament serves as a platform for global musical talent and cross-cultural exchange.The inclusion of diverse artists from different genres and regions reflects the international nature of the World Cup and its ability to unite audiences worldwide through music.Future of Global Sporting EventsThe 2026 World Cup ceremonies signal a trend toward increasingly elaborate entertainment productions at major sporting events. With established pop icons and rising international stars collaborating, these events are becoming cultural phenomena in their own right, potentially attracting viewers who might not otherwise engage with the sport itself.The success of these ceremonies could influence how future international sporting events approach their entertainment components, potentially setting new standards for scale, diversity, and cultural significance.

The Summer Art RenaissanceLondon's cultural landscape is experiencing a vibrant transformation this summer with a diverse array of exhibitions spanning optical illusions, light installations, and Pan-African perspectives. From the mind-bending works of MC Escher to the provocative presence of Julio Le Parc, the city's galleries are offering immersive experiences that challenge conventional artistic boundaries.The Escher Paradox ExperienceThe spotlight shines on MC Escher at Somerset House, where the Dutch master's renowned optical illusions and impossible constructions take center stage. This retrospective goes beyond mere visual trickery, incorporating video installations and musical elements to create a multi-sensory exploration of Escher's mathematical precision and artistic vision. The exhibition, running until September 6, represents a rare opportunity to experience the full breadth of Escher's printmaking genius in an environment designed to enhance the paradoxical nature of his work.Light, Colour, and Action in Modern ArtSimultaneously, Tate Modern presents Julio Le Parc: Light. Colour. Action, a comprehensive survey of the Argentinian artist who became a provocative force in the French art scene. Le Parc's innovative use of light and movement challenges traditional notions of static art, creating dynamic environments that respond to viewer interaction. The exhibition, running through May 2027, positions Le Parc as a pivotal figure in bridging the gap between artistic expression and scientific inquiry.Pan-African Artistic ExpressionThe Barbican Gallery hosts Project a Black Planet, a monumental exhibition showcasing the depth and diversity of Pan-African artistic expression. Featuring prominent artists such as Chris Ofili, David Hammons, and William Kentridge, the exhibition presents a comprehensive narrative of African diasporic art from multiple perspectives. Running from June to September, this ambitious survey underscores the growing recognition of African artistic contributions on the global stage.The Marilyn Phenomenon RevisitedAt the National Portrait Gallery, Marilyn Monroe: A Portrait offers a fresh perspective on the cultural icon's enduring fascination. While acknowledging Andy Warhol's iconic representations, the exhibition explores how numerous artists have been drawn to Monroe's image, each interpreting her legacy through different artistic lenses. The exhibition runs until September 6, providing a timely reconsideration of Monroe's cultural impact.Glasgow's Artistic CapitalGlasgow International reinforces the city's status as Scotland's artistic capital, featuring biennial exhibitions from notable artists including Victoria Morton, Cathy Wilkes, and Luke Fowler. The event, running through June with some exhibitions continuing into the summer, highlights Glasgow's unique contribution to contemporary art and its role as a cultural hub outside London's dominant art scene.Architectural Statements and ControversiesAcross the Atlantic, Chicago's Obama Presidential Center has sparked intense debate, with critics likening the $850m structure to 'a Klingon prison.' Designed by Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects, the complex features a central tower intended to resemble four hands coming together to protect a flame—a beacon of hope. The architectural controversy surrounding the center reflects broader discussions about the role of public buildings in contemporary society and the challenges of creating meaningful civic architecture.Artistic Legacy and Historical ContextThe week's artistic offerings also include a fascinating connection between past and present. The National Gallery's 17th century masterpiece 'A Peepshow With Views of the Interior of a Dutch House' by Samuel van Hoogstraten demonstrates how artists have long played with perspective and illusion—techniques that would later influence modern masters like Escher. This historical context enriches our understanding of artistic innovation across centuries.

The High-Stakes Pivot from Kang to DoomThe MCU is at a critical inflection point following the abrupt exit of Jonathan Majors as the multiversal conqueror Kang. This forced a massive rewrite of Marvel's post-Thanos era, replacing the complex cosmic threat with Robert Downey Jr stepping into the role of Doctor Doom in the upcoming 'Avengers: Doomsday.' The stakes could not be higher; the success of this narrative pivot will determine whether the franchise can recover from its recent creative stagnation or continue its downward trajectory.Market Analysis: Fan Sentiment and Franchise HealthThe industry is watching closely as fan sentiment oscillates between skepticism and desperate hope. Reports indicate a 'diminishing returns' phase for the franchise, making the box office performance of 'Doomsday' a vital litmus test. The 'geekosphere' is currently dissecting every clue, from the Russo Brothers' presence at SXSW to the specific menu items at a Marvel pop-up coffee shop, which allegedly reference Doom's mother and lineage. These details suggest Marvel is attempting to feed the audience breadcrumbs to build anticipation for a specific, grounded version of the villain.The Silver Age Shift in MCU StorytellingThe casting of RDJ signals a deliberate stylistic shift away from the gritty, quippy modernity of the last decade. The text highlights that the recent 'Fantastic Four: First Steps' established a 'Silver Age' vibe, moving away from direct translation of modern comics toward a more traditional, operatic storytelling approach. This implies that 'Avengers: Doomsday' will likely embrace a grand, melodramatic tone rather than the self-aware irony that characterized previous phases. The goal is to capture Doom's multifaceted nature—he is a scientist, a sorcerer, a monarch, and a tragic figure all at once.Doomsday: The Make-or-Break Moment for MarvelThe future of the MCU hinges on whether Marvel delivers a 'grand, impossible, melodramatic Doom' or a 'watered-down Tony Stark in a mask.' A proper interpretation of the Latverian dictator, standing on a castle balcony with a history of politics and magic, could provide the franchise with the operatic villainy it desperately needs. Conversely, if the studio relies too heavily on nostalgia or 'multiverse of convenience' mechanics, the MCU risks becoming a series of interchangeable blockbusters. The studio needs a tyrant who feels like a historical force, not just another antagonist in a suit.

The Historic North American World CupWith less than a week to go until the FIFA World Cup 2026 begins, football's most prestigious tournament is set to make history. The monthlong spectacle will be the longest and biggest edition in the tournament's 96-year history, featuring 48 teams competing across 104 matches in 39 days.The First Three-Nation TournamentAll men's World Cup editions between 1930 and 2022 were held in a single host nation, with the exception of 2002 when Japan and South Korea cohosted. This year marks the first time a FIFA World Cup – men's or women's – will be played across three countries: the United States, Mexico and Canada. Sixteen stadiums in 16 cities across North America will host matches, with the 2030 World Cup also spanning three nations: Spain, Portugal and Morocco.Expanded Format and CompetitionThe upcoming World Cup will be the most diverse edition so far, featuring 48 teams. Among those, nations from UEFA (Europe) had the most direct slots (16), followed by CAF (Africa) with nine and AFC (Asia) with eight. More teams mean more matches, and thus the addition of an extra phase. For the first time in World Cup history, teams that make it past the group stage will begin the knockouts with a round of 32 clash. The World Cup winners will have to go through eight games en route to title victory – one more than the seven games Argentina won to lift the World Cup in Qatar four years ago.North American Spectacle: NFL-Style Half-Time ShowThis year's World Cup has a distinctly North American touch. For the first time in history, a football World Cup final will feature a half-time show inspired by the NFL's Super Bowl. Expect fireworks to light up the New York skyline when a pop party kicks off during the July 19 final at MetLife Stadium. K-pop supergroup BTS, Madonna, and Colombian star Shakira will co-headline the programme, while British rock band Coldplay's lead singer Chris Martin will curate the 11-minute half-time show.Design Revolution: The Beautiful KitsThe hype around the World Cup this year first started when the teams' kits dropped in late March. Jerseys by sportswear giant Adidas emerged as the people's favourite, featuring beautiful designs: from the concentric ribbed pattern spreading across Japan's bright blue home kit to the lemon yellow away shirt of Curacao, inspired by the colourful buildings found in the island's capital, Willemstad. Other notable designs include Argentina's black and blue away kit featuring Fileteado folk art style, France's dark blue home kit with a pristine white collar, and South Africa's lush gold and forest green away kit adorned with vertical stripes made up of triangular hand-drawn tile patterns.Fan Experience Evolution: New Pre-Game CeremonyFIFA has announced a new pre-game ceremony that will take place before every World Cup match. All players in the matchday squad – not just the starting 11 – will line up around the centre circle before the national anthems are played. The ceremony, which FIFA said "transforms the stadium into a shared stage", will include extra-large country flag banners and will see players enter the pitch through a dedicated arch closest to the tunnel. This innovation aims to provide "each [fan] with a distinct and engaging perspective, with extra-large country flag banners and on-pitch elements carefully positioned to involve the crowd in an authentic and meaningful way."

The Enduring Magic of Baseball Baseball's relationship with superstitions and curses stretches back to its earliest days, with the infamous Curse of the Billy Goat being just one example. When Chicago bar owner William Sianis was denied entry to the 1945 World Series with his pet goat Murphy, he allegedly cursed the team, which then went 71 years without winning another championship. This story, along with countless other rituals and beliefs, forms the foundation of baseball's unique relationship with the magical and supernatural. A New Book Explores Baseball's Mystical Side Author, journalist, and New York Mets fan Addy Baird has chronicled baseball's rich tradition of superstitions in her new book, "The Magical Game: The Spirit and History of Baseball's Superstitions, Rituals, and Curses." Baird became fascinated with baseball's magical elements while cheering for the Mets, finding herself becoming increasingly superstitious as the team had successful stretches. "I changed the way I acted, things I did, wore, watched, said, ate," she admits, trying to influence the team's performance through her own rituals. Legendary Superstitions and Rituals The book documents numerous baseball superstitions throughout history. Turn-of-the-century managers like Connie Mack and John McGraw relied on human mascots to bring their teams good luck. Wade Boggs famously ate chicken before every game during his career in the 1980s and 1990s. More recently, a Seattle Mariners fan believes that holding a pair of slippers somehow negatively affected his team's performance, while a Tampa Bay Rays fan plays Middle Earth music during difficult innings despite having no interest in Lord of the Rings. Even in softball, superstitions persist—this week it was revealed that a top college player eats ladybugs in the dugout for good luck. The Psychology Behind Baseball's Magic When asked what makes baseball particularly prone to magical thinking, Baird identifies several factors: the presence of luck, the game's unique structure, and its repetitive nature. "Basically, when a sport has fewer instances of scoring, luck is a bigger factor," she explains. Baseball's structure is also distinctive as "one of the only games we play, and the only major North American sport, where the defense has the ball," creating an uncertain environment. The repetitive nature of the game—with batters facing dozens of pitches over a 162-game season—further compounds the uncertainty, creating what Baird calls "a perfect environment for magic to thrive." Baseball's Mythological Foundations Baird connects baseball's structure to ancient mythological patterns, noting that MLB's official historian John Thorn observed that "the form of the game itself mirrors that of the Odyssey." The nine innings represent the hero's journey: starting at home, facing potential failure, and embarking on a journey with the goal of returning home. "The story of this myth is embedded in the game itself. Magic is in its very structure," Baird concludes. This connection helps explain why baseball has developed such rich traditions and superstitions throughout its history. Evolution of Baseball's Magic The book also examines how recent changes to baseball, including sabermetrics and new rules like the pitch clock, might affect the game's magical elements. Initially, Baird believed these changes were killing baseball's magic, but her research revealed a long tradition of people claiming "baseball is dying" since the 1860s. She now believes "the game should evolve, an unchanging thing is a dead thing." Interestingly, she finds that sabermetrics actually "help us to see what makes [baseball] unique, what makes it special, what makes players exceptionally good... Those numbers reveal to us the magic." Baseball's Appeal Beyond the Field Through her research, Baird not only completed a manuscript but also discovered a new career path. In addition to her journalism work, she has become a practicing astrologer. "It was one of my really interesting side quests," she says. "I do readings for people, reading charts." Whether you're a baseball enthusiast or someone interested in magic and ritual, "The Magical Game" offers something for everyone. As Baird explains, "it's a book for people who love baseball, also for those who do not care about baseball at all" and "for the people who love magic, looking at it through a lens they may never have considered before."

The Plant-Based Paradox: Growing Alternatives vs. Meat Dominance Should I tuck into a juicy steak or stick a tofu patty in a bun and call it a burger? Twenty years ago, that question was largely seen as a moral dilemma influenced by grim conditions in factory farms and slaughterhouses. Back then, animal rights activists were the loudest campaigners arguing for people to abstain from meat. They had limited success because vegetarians and vegans made up less than 5% of the population in rich countries – and the best fake meats were bland replicas of real flesh. The word flexitarian had not yet made it into the dictionary. The debate has shifted sharply. The pollution from animal agriculture, which makes up 12-20% of planet-heating gas, is now part of public discourse around eating meat. A dramatic rise in rates of obesity and diseases linked to red meat have made health concerns part of individual decisions to eat less of it. Meanwhile, some plant-based alternatives have improved in texture and taste to the point where even meat lovers struggle to tell that they did not come from an animal. The Rise of Plant-Based Alternatives: Market Transformation In one sense, there is a powerful story of personal action to tell. The tiny market share of vegetarians in the early 2000s provided the demand that companies needed to invest in making substitutes taste better. These alternatives are now helping meat eaters reduce their intake – an easier sell than convincing people to give it up entirely. Add that to a growing awareness about the environmental harm that livestock cause, and a rise in public support for stopping climate breakdown, and you have the ingredients for what could be a major societal shift away from damaging levels of meat-eating. Early signs of the trend are visible in countries such as Germany, a sausage-hungry nation where about one in 10 people are vegan or vegetarian and a further 37% describe themselves as flexitarian. Plant-based alternatives have become so common that a third of the population buy them regularly, a government survey found in November, and discount supermarkets have launched their own brands. Village cafes in far-right regions seem perfectly happy to serve oat milk with coffee. The Meat Consumption Data: Global Trends and Statistics The broader picture, though, is still dominated by animals. Data in a new report from the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation suggests the average person eats six times as much chicken and twice as much pork as their grandparents did, with global meat supply having risen fourfold in the last 60 years. Much of the growth has taken place in poor countries in which better access to meat has helped counter hunger and malnutrition. But consumption is projected to keep rising, albeit at a slower rate, even in rich countries, where climate scientists and doctors recommend cutting down. Livestock are expected to contribute the vast majority of the projected 7.6% rise in global agricultural emissions over the next decade, at a time when global emissions from other parts of the economy, such as electricity generation, are set to fall. Industry Resistance and Consumer Behavior Patterns It is too early to tell whether the backlash signals a reversal or stalling of efforts to shift diets toward plants. In the UK, YouGov data shows the proportion of people who are vegetarians and vegans peaked in 2021 at 10% and has since fallen to 7%, while survey data in many other European countries suggests little change or even continued growth. The meat industry, meanwhile, is working hard to safeguard its dominance. In March, EU politicians voted to ban meaty names such as steak and bacon for plant-based alternatives. In the US, the "Make America Healthy Again" campaign from the Trump administration has enthusiastically promoted eating more meat, including many cow products such as beef tallow, going against medical advice. The pro-meat movement may also benefit from the protein obsession that has gripped rich countries, as well as growing fears about the health risks of ultra-processed food. Doctors are sceptical of the former – protein deficiencies in rich countries are rare, unlike fibre deficiencies – while there is little evidence to say much about the health impacts of processed plant-based products compared with processed meat ones. Future Outlook: Environmental and Health Implications The calculation is made more concerning by the indirect health impacts of meat-heavy diets, which stretch well beyond the risks to the person following them. Knock-on effects from the livestock industry range from stronger extreme weather events caused by climate breakdown to antimicrobial resistance that spreads superbugs. On Wednesday, an FAO report found that the use of antibiotics on livestock would rise by nearly a third in the next 15 years without government intervention, with potentially disastrous consequences for protection from disease. Health research is full of contradictory studies, and some advocates of meat-free diets have made sweeping claims that are not supported by the science. But what is clear, at a population level, is that people in rich countries are eating more meat and fewer plants than doctors consider healthy. And at a global level, the environmental harm from animal agriculture is likely to rise at a time when the planet needs it to fall.