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Witnessing Three Decades of Displacement: Abdel Mahdi al‑Wuheidi’s StoryAbdel Mahdi al‑Wuheidi, an 85‑year‑old resident of the Jabalia refugee camp, sits beside a small fire in his partially destroyed home, reflecting on a life marked by forced migrations, wars, and relentless loss.From 1948 Nakba to the 2023‑2025 Gaza CatastropheThe narrative spans the original 1948 Nakba, the 1956, 1967, and later conflicts, culminating in the October 2023 war and the October 2025 ceasefire that briefly allowed a return to a devastated Jabalia.Chronology of Forced Relocations and Wars1948 – Family flees Bir al‑Saba (Beersheba) for Gaza after Israeli forces capture the city.1956 – First major Arab‑Israeli war; living conditions in Jabalia worsen.1967 – Six‑day war deepens the sense of exile.2000‑2005 – Second Intifada; intermittent Israeli incursions.October 2023 – New Israeli offensive forces Abdel Mahdi and his wife to flee multiple times.October 2025 – Ceasefire announced; limited return to a rubble‑strewn Jabalia.Human Cost and the Erosion of the Right of ReturnAbdel Mahdi recalls his father’s promise of a right of return, a promise that has never materialised. Decades of blockade, repeated demolitions, and the latest war have erased “every stone, every tree,” leaving the elderly couple with nothing but memories and a broken sense of dignity.What the Future Holds for Gaza’s Elderly RefugeesDespite promises of reconstruction, Abdel Mahdi doubts any swift improvement. He warns that without genuine international pressure and a viable pathway to return, Gaza’s oldest survivors will continue to endure “an ongoing catastrophe” for the rest of their lives.

The Longstanding Displacement It has been 78 years since the mass displacement of Palestinians, an event that has had lasting impacts on the region. Despite numerous calls for resolution, the issue of Palestinian refugees' right to return remains unresolved. The Right to Return: A Core Issue The right to return is a fundamental aspect of the Palestinian struggle. It refers to the right of Palestinian refugees to return to their homes in what is now Israel, which they were forced to leave during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war and subsequent conflicts. International Stance and UN Support The United Nations has consistently supported the Palestinian right to return, with numerous resolutions calling for a two-state solution and the recognition of Palestinian statehood. However, the implementation of these resolutions has been hindered by ongoing conflicts and political disagreements. Current Situation and Future Prospects Today, millions of Palestinians remain displaced, with many living in refugee camps in Gaza, the West Bank, and neighboring countries. The denial of their right to return continues to be a major obstacle to peace in the region. As international efforts to resolve the conflict continue, the issue of Palestinian displacement remains a critical point of contention. Conclusion and Call to Action The international community must continue to push for a resolution to the Palestinian displacement crisis. Recognizing and implementing the right to return is essential for achieving lasting peace and justice in the region.

The Historical Reckoning: US and the Nakba Washington, DC – It is a question that reaches a fever pitch this time of year for Palestinian survivors and rights advocates: Can the United States government create just policy in the Middle East without a full accounting — or recognition — of Palestinian history? Thursday marks the annual day of remembrance for the Nakba, a period that began in 1948 with the mass expulsion of Palestinians and the creation of the state of Israel. Since then, Palestinians have endured decades of displacement and ethnic cleansing. But the US government does not recognise the Nakba, which translates to the "catastrophe" in Arabic, even as it continues to assert gargantuan influence over the region and maintains ironclad support for the Israeli government. The Nakba: A Historical Overview Under the second administration of President Donald Trump, the US has taken a further active role in Palestinian affairs, establishing the controversial "Board of Peace" to oversee the reconstruction of Gaza, even as it continues to take a permissive approach towards Israel's actions in the region. When faced with the question of whether the US can responsibly address Palestinian issues without acknowledging the Nakba, Khaled Elgindy, a senior fellow at the Quincy Institute, believes the answer is simple: No. "If you only acknowledge the humanity and suffering of one side, that forces you also to ignore historical realities that are still with us today," he told Al Jazeera. Elgindy said "political amnesia" has long defined the US government's approach to the Israel-Palestine conflict. The Human Cost: Numbers and Impact For decades, the US has supported Israel with billions in foreign assistance and military aid, despite the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territory and a system of segregation that rights groups say constitutes apartheid. Since October 7, 2023, Israel's war in Gaza has killed at least 75,000 Palestinians. Elgindy told Al Jazeera that the US has played a key role in underwriting the conflict. "For better or worse, mostly for worse, the United States is inextricably tied to the Palestinian issue," Elgindy said. A fundamental – if long delayed – corrective step would be recognition of the Nakba, he said. "It is a historical reality that Palestinians have a collective trauma that is part of their identity and part of their political psychology." The Legislative Push: Tlaib's Resolution On Thursday, US Representative Rashida Tlaib introduced a resolution to officially recognise "the ongoing Nakba and Palestinian refugees' rights". It was the fifth consecutive time she has put forward the bill, with the latest version carrying 12 co-sponsors, up from six when it was first introduced in 2022. In a video conference this week, she explained that it was necessary to draw attention to the Nakba, given that the human rights abuses against Palestinians continue. "Too many of my colleagues in Congress like to act like … the state violence against the Palestinian people began with [Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin] Netanyahu," Tlaib said. "We know that Palestinian history has been one of the ongoing Nakba and the ethnic cleansing campaign since the creation [of Israel] in 1948." All told, about 750,000 Palestinians were violently expelled during the Nakba, displaced to refugee camps across the West Bank, Gaza and neighbouring Arab countries. About 400 cities and villages were depopulated, with massacres committed in Balad al-Sheikh, Saasaa, Deir Yassin, Saliha and Lydda, among others. Shifting Attitudes in American Politics Like in past years, Tlaib's latest legislative effort is largely symbolic, with little chance of progressing in Congress, which remains predominantly pro-Israel. Still, the latest resolution comes amid signs of shifting public awareness, with polls showing increasing sympathy for Palestinians and a rise in negative views towards Israel's government. Polls have shown tanking support for Israel, particularly among Democrats, amid the war in Gaza. Attitudes in Congress have also shown significant, if more incremental, signs of change. Though support for Israel was once considered sacrosanct, legislation to block arms sales to the country has garnered growing support. In April, 40 Democrats in the 100-member Senate voted to block the sale of military bulldozers to Israel, a tool in the ongoing occupation of the Palestinian territories. While legislation to prevent the sale did not pass, advocates hailed the tally as "historic". Thirty members of Congress also challenged the longstanding US policy of "official ambiguity" towards Israel's alleged nuclear programme, a subject that had been seen as off limits for decades. The Historical Context: From Truman to Today Even acknowledging the Nakba on the May 15 anniversary remains controversial. The United Nations held its first-ever commemoration of the Nakba in 2023, marking the 75th anniversary. The US, the United Kingdom, Germany and 30 other countries had voted against a UN resolution recognising the event, though. The US subsequently did not attend the proceedings, with a spokesperson pointing to "longstanding concerns over anti-Israel bias within the UN system". Elgindy pointed out that, in the 1940s and 50s, President Harry Truman "spoke out about the terrorism and terror inflicted by Jewish militias and underground groups", even as his government was the first to recognise the state of Israel. Truman's administration, for instance, supported UN General Assembly Resolution 194, which established a so-called "right to return" for displaced Palestinian refugees – approximately six million are registered with UNRWA today. But Elgindy explained that, broadly speaking, the US acknowledgement of the Nakba declined in parallel with an increasingly full-bore embrace of Israel, beginning most forcefully under President Lyndon B Johnson in the 1960s. The Future Outlook: Recognition and Beyond Supporters of Tlaib's resolution have argued that its significance is as much practical as symbolic. "If policymakers don't factor in the Nakba and remedying it to the extent that it can be remedied today, they're simply going to be perpetuating an unjust status quo," Ruebner said. "Without understanding the crux of the matter, it's almost like trying to fit a square peg into a round hole." The Arab Center's Munayyer agreed that recognition "sets an example for things that we should be doing, not just in terms of recognising the past but also recognising the moment". "It shouldn't take us 80 years to recognise the Nakba in Palestine, and it shouldn't take us another 80 years to recognise the genocide that's taking place in Gaza," he said.

On the fourth anniversary of Shireen Abu Akleh's death, her colleague Ali al‑Samoudi recounts the May 11, 2022 shooting that left her dead and himself wounded, underscoring how the absence of justice has paved the way for a surge in Israeli assaults on the press.Eyewitness Account of the May 11, 2022 ShootingAl‑Samoudi, a medic for Al Jazeera, described being shot in the back while trying to protect his colleague. Both journalists were wearing clearly marked press gear in the Jenin refugee camp when Israeli soldiers opened fire without warning. He noted that Abu Akleh was hit in the neck, a location that “was not an accident or a coincidence.”Location: Western edge of Jenin refugee camp, West BankVictims: Shireen Abu Akleh (killed), Ali al‑Samoudi (injured)Context: Israeli raid, journalists unarmed and visibleHundreds of Journalists Killed, Over Ten U.S. Citizens AffectedSince the Abu Akleh killing, press‑freedom monitors record Israel as the world’s top killer of journalists. The article cites:Hundreds of journalists killed in Gaza, Lebanon and the West BankMore than 10 U.S. citizens killed in the same conflictsAt least 40 Palestinian journalists currently detained without chargeDespite these figures, no arrests or criminal charges have been filed in any of the cases.Implications for Press Freedom and U.S.–Israel RelationsThe lack of accountability, according to al‑Samoudi and experts such as James Zogby and Martin Roux, has created a “template of denying, lying and obfuscating” that emboldens further attacks. The United States, which provides Israel with billions in military aid and diplomatic cover, has opened investigations that remain stalled, reinforcing the perception that U.S. levers are unused.Key points:U.S. military aid: billions of dollars annuallyU.S. investigations into Abu Akleh and other U.S. citizen killings have produced no public reports or chargesIsraeli narrative shifts from denial to “accidental” explanations, then to delayed investigationsFuture Outlook for Accountability and Media SafetyAnalysts warn that without concrete U.S. pressure—sanctions, conditional aid, or diplomatic censure—the cycle of impunity will likely continue, increasing risks for journalists covering the conflict. Calls for an independent international inquiry and stronger protective mechanisms for the press are growing, but implementation remains uncertain.Until accountability mechanisms are enforced, the “coverage continues” ethos expressed by al‑Samoudi suggests that journalists will keep documenting the conflict, even as they face heightened danger.

The Lead: Football as Survival in War-Torn GazaSixteen-year-old Mohammed Eyad Azzam was a "pampered" child before an Israeli air attack in Gaza killed his immediate family, leaving him as the sole provider for his elderly grandmother. On October 11, 2024, Mohammed was at home with his parents and siblings in the Jabalia refugee camp when an Israeli warplane struck, bringing their multistorey building down on top of them. Buried under the rubble for about 10 minutes, Mohammed survived by a miracle when his grandmother dug him out. Overnight, the teenager was thrust into adulthood, and amid all the challenges, he has found one escape from his daily turmoil: football.The Event Details: From Tragedy to the PitchBefore the war, Mohammed was a promising player for the Khadamat Jabalia football club. However, following Israel's war on Gaza, the club no longer functioned, pitches were destroyed, and many of his former teammates were killed. Against all odds, the Palestinian Football Association recently organised a tournament for players born in 2009 at one of the last remaining patches of land in Gaza suitable for hosting a football match. For Mohammed, lacing up his boots is one of the few ways he can fend off the despair of life without his parents and siblings."It removes the boredom and releases our negative energy," he explained. "Most of my teammates have their brothers and fathers there to motivate and encourage them. I have no one to cheer for me now, I miss them so much – as much as the sea and its fish."The Data Analysis: Devastation of Palestinian SportsMohammed's heartbreak is emblematic of Israel's systematic destruction of sports infrastructure in Gaza. The statistics are staggering. According to the Palestinian Football Association, the Israeli offensive has killed 1,113 people affiliated with the sports sector, including more than 560 football players, coaches and administrators. Additionally, 265 sports facilities have been destroyed or damaged over the past two-and-a-half years, while all 56 football clubs in Gaza – from Beit Hanoon in the north to Rafah in the south – have been severely affected.Mohammed's club, Khadamat Jabalia, was also destroyed, and the space was temporarily turned into a detention and interrogation centre by Israeli forces during the invasion of Gaza.The Impact Analysis: Navigating Danger to PlayWith main stadiums either bombed into ruins or converted into shelters for displaced families, the Palestinian Football Association is now organising youth tournaments on just three small pitches that remain – Palestine Stadium in Gaza City, Khadamat Nuseirat and Ittihad Shabab Deir al-Balah. However, getting to these games is still a life-threatening ordeal for young footballers."We walk 3-4km through tents and rubble to reach the pitch," Mohammed said. "It drains you psychologically before you even step onto the field."The security situation remains extremely dangerous. A player walking from his tent to the pitch is exposed to the risk of sudden air strikes, but the determination of the players and the association pushes them to resume activities. "It sends a message to the world that Palestinian youth are capable of rising from the rubble," said Mustafa Siyam, head of the media department at the Palestinian Football Association.The Prediction: Seeking Justice and Continuing DreamsWhile the football community in Gaza is struggling to survive, Palestinian sports officials have expressed deep frustration with the international community, particularly FIFA, over a lack of support or solidarity. Siyam highlighted glaring double standards when FIFA moved swiftly to suspend Russia and ban its clubs following Moscow's 2022 invasion of Ukraine, but took no action against Israel."When it comes to Palestine, unfortunately, there are no decisions; FIFA's position is very weak," he said. Despite the targeted killing of prominent athletes, such as national team player Suleiman Obaid, and Israeli settlement clubs competing on occupied Palestinian land, FIFA has failed to impose any sanctions on the Israeli Football Association.With a lack of action from FIFA, the Palestinian Football Association is now seeking justice via international sports tribunals. While they wait for a permanent ceasefire to rebuild Gaza's battered sporting infrastructure and for Israel to open the enclave's borders to allow local talent to join Palestine's national teams, young players such as Mohammed are clinging to the game to keep their loved ones' memories alive."My dream now is to become a famous, professional football player," the 16-year-old said softly. "Because that was my dream, and it was the dream of my mother and my father, may God have mercy on them. My dad is the one who registered me in the club, and my mom was the one who always cheered me on."

The Latest Violence in Gaza A Palestinian man has been killed, and several others injured, after an Israeli drone strike targeted a motorcycle west of the Jabalia refugee camp in northern Gaza, amid Israel’s continued violations of a “ceasefire” agreed to in October. A medical source confirmed the death on Saturday of Eyad al-Motawwaq to the Anadolu news agency, as well as the injuries of an unspecified number of people. Efforts to Secure Lasting Peace Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza, starting from October 2023, has left 72,736 people dead and more than 172,000 injured. Some 90 percent of Gaza’s civilian infrastructure has also been destroyed, and almost all of Gaza’s two million population is displaced. Since the “ceasefire” in October, at least 850 Palestinians have been killed and 2,433 others injured in Israeli attacks, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry. Turkish Diplomatic Efforts Meanwhile on Saturday, Turkiye’s Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan met with Muhammad Darwish, head of Hamas’s advisory Shura Council, to discuss efforts to secure peace in Gaza, as well as initiatives to deliver humanitarian assistance to the Strip. Sources at the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs told Anadolu that at the meeting in Ankara, Fidan declared Israel’s expanding presence in Gaza and its obstruction of urgently needed humanitarian aid deliveries as “unacceptable”. Fidan also said the ongoing war in the region should not overshadow the Palestinian issue, and he reiterated Turkiye’s opposition to any attempts to force Palestinians to leave Gaza, Anadolu reported.

The Human Cost of Climate DisastersThe water mark on Naira Santa Rita's wall told the story before she could find the words for it. High and brown, like a scar, it was the line left by the floodwater on 15 February 2022 – the night Petrópolis drowned. Within minutes, the mountain city she called home became a war zone. From her window, she watched bodies float past in the streets below. More than 230 people died that night, in what was until then Brazil's worst climate disaster.But Santa Rita's story extends far beyond that single tragedy. She is one among millions in a global crisis that remains largely invisible: climate displacement, a phenomenon that disproportionately destroys women's lives.Three Disasters in Three YearsBrazil has become a laboratory for this accelerating crisis. Three disasters in three years trace an upward curve of devastation: Petrópolis in February 2022, which killed 233 people; Recife three months later in May, when 130 people died; and Rio Grande do Sul in May 2024 – the state's largest natural disaster, affecting 2.4 million people across 478 municipalities, killing 183, and causing economic losses estimated in the billions of reais.That February afternoon, Santa Rita, then 24, had cancelled her two-year-old son Cainã's medical appointment. The rain was intensifying. "The city becomes chaotic when it rains," she says. The decision saved their lives – two buses full of passengers were swept away in the city centre.The Global Data on Climate DisplacementThe numbers are staggering. Over the past decade, climate-related disasters have displaced 250 million people globally – equivalent to 70,000 people forced from their homes every day.According to the UN high commissioner for refugees (UNHCR), more than 120 million people worldwide are now forcibly displaced. Of these, about 90 million live in countries with high or extreme exposure to climate risks, and half exist in the brutal intersection of conflict zones and severe climate threats.In Latin America and the Caribbean – the region most exposed to extreme climate events after Africa – an average of 2.4 million people a year have been displaced within their own country over the past decade. And the future looks even darker: by 2040, the number of countries facing extreme climate risks is expected to jump from three to 65. By 2050, most refugee camps will endure twice as many days of dangerous heat as they do today.Why Women Bear the Brunt"With the intensification of climate change, a significant increase in cyclical and prolonged displacements is expected," warns Sílvia Sander, protection officer at UNHCR. "Women who return to disaster-prone areas face successive displacements – being forced to move again and again – making life reconstruction difficult. Each new climate event destroys resources, increasing dependence on humanitarian aid.""You think you're safe in a building – you're not; it's an illusion," Santa Rita recalls. "I saw water coming in, not through the drain, but through the walls. You can't control water, tell it, 'Stop, don't come in.' You see it, and everything's already gone."The Future Outlook for Climate DisastersAs climate change accelerates, the pattern of women being "the first to die" in disasters is likely to continue without targeted intervention. The intersection of gender inequality and climate vulnerability creates a deadly combination that requires specific policy responses.Climate experts warn that without significant global action to reduce emissions and adapt to changing conditions, the number of climate-displaced people could grow exponentially, with women and children making up the majority of those affected. The situation in Brazil serves as a warning for other nations facing similar climate challenges.

Israeli snipers have left 18‑year‑old Hala Salem Darwish in Gaza and 13‑year‑old Mohammad Saber al‑Sheikh in the occupied West Bank fighting for their lives, underscoring a disturbing rise in lethal force against Palestinian minors across two geographically distant regions.Key DevelopmentsHala was shot while preparing dinner in the Maghazi refugee camp; she now lies on life support at Al‑Aqsa Martyrs Hospital.Mohammad was hit during a football game in the Jalazone refugee camp; he remains sedated in the neurology ICU of Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah.Both incidents were carried out by Israeli snipers, with bullets entering and exiting the victims' heads.These cases occur amid a broader wave of violence that has claimed at least 237 children in the West Bank since October 2023.Data & Market ImpactSince the October 2023 war, Israel has killed over 72,000 Palestinians, including nearly 40,000 women and children.In the past month, at least four Palestinians, including two boys aged 14 and 16, were killed in the West Bank; Gaza saw seven deaths despite a “ceasefire”.International humanitarian groups report systematic use of sexualised violence to force displacement, adding a layer of human‑rights violations that could trigger further sanctions or aid reallocations.Why This MattersTargeting minors erodes any remaining legitimacy of Israel’s security narrative and fuels global condemnation.Continued civilian casualties jeopardise diplomatic efforts, including the US‑brokered ceasefire and broader two‑state solution talks.Humanitarian aid agencies may face increased pressure to intervene, potentially reshaping funding flows to the region.For Palestinian families, the loss of youth deepens trauma, hampers community resilience, and fuels cycles of radicalisation.Expert InsightHuman‑rights analysts argue that the sniper attacks represent a tactical shift toward precision killings that bypass traditional “combatant” definitions, effectively criminalising ordinary civilian activities such as cooking or playing football. This blurring of combat lines contravenes international humanitarian law, which mandates distinction and proportionality. Moreover, the concentration of such incidents in refugee camps—areas densely populated with civilians—suggests an intent to exert collective pressure on Palestinian society, a strategy that could backfire by intensifying international legal scrutiny and galvanising grassroots resistance.What Happens NextInternational bodies are likely to demand independent investigations; failure to comply could trigger UN Security Council resolutions or EU sanctions.Humanitarian organisations may expand emergency medical support in both Gaza and the West Bank, increasing demand for trauma‑care resources.Escalation of civilian casualties could spur larger‑scale protests across the Arab world, influencing regional diplomatic postures toward Israel.Long‑term, sustained attacks on minors could harden Palestinian public opinion, potentially feeding recruitment for armed groups and complicating peace negotiations.

The United Nations refugee agency has revealed that nearly 900 Rohingya refugees were reported dead or missing in the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea in 2025. This was the deadliest year on record for maritime movements in South and South East Asia.Thousands of people continue to make the dangerous journeys in 2026, with the UNHCR describing the area as an “unmarked graveyard for thousands of desperate Rohingya refugees”. Over the last decade, some 5,000 Rohingya are thought to have drowned at sea.Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya refugees began fleeing Myanmar in 2017 amid an ethnic cleansing campaign. They largely settled in refugee camps in Bangladesh, which continues to give refuge to those fleeing today. However, humanitarian aid in the country has been reduced due to funding shortfalls, and there is limited access to education and opportunities in the camps, prompting people to attempt the dangerous sea crossings.More than 2,800 Rohingya have made the sea journeys this year, with the majority leaving from Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh or Rakhine State in Myanmar in the hope of reaching Malaysia or Indonesia. The UNHCR hopes that highlighting the record death toll will make people aware of “what the Rohingyas are going through inside Myanmar and in the refugee camps and in the wider region” and prompt solutions to avoid another record toll in 2026.