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A remarkable cactus species in eastern Brazil has evolved a unique method to attract bats for pollination. Coleocephalocereus goebelianus grows a fuzzy structure, known as a cephalium, near its flowers. This unusual body part acts as an acoustic beacon, focusing the high-pitched squeaks made by bats and helping them navigate towards the flower.Bats use echolocation to navigate and find objects in the dark by emitting high-frequency sounds, which are beyond human hearing. The cephalium's dense structure may also help reduce background noise, making the bats' echolocation clearer.The cactus's tall stature above surrounding plants amplifies its acoustics, making it easier for bats to locate the flower. This adaptation is crucial for the cactus's pollination, as it blooms at night and relies on bats as pollinators.Similar adaptations can be seen in carnivorous pitcher plants, which use curved dish-like openings to reflect bat calls and help them find the pitchers. In these cases, the bats roost inside the pitchers, and their dung fertilizes the plant.This unique evolutionary strategy highlights the fascinating ways in which plants have adapted to their environments to ensure pollination and survival.

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has issued a stark warning: if the Strait of Hormuz remains blocked by the ongoing US‑Israel conflict with Iran, the world could face a food ‘catastrophe’. The disruption is already halting shipments of vital agricultural inputs, a situation that could quickly cascade into higher food prices. FAO chief economist Maximo Torero told Al Jazeera that, for now, food prices have stayed stable because existing stockpiles are absorbing the shock. However, he cautioned that this buffer is temporary and that “the clock is ticking.” FAO agrifood economics director David Laborde added that if traffic does not resume, the resulting strain on energy and fertilizer markets will translate into “higher commodity and retail prices later this year and into 2027.” According to the FAO, 20‑45% of key agrifood inputs—including fertilizers, pesticides and feed—depend on maritime passage through the Hormuz chokepoint. Nearly half of the world’s traded urea, the most widely used fertilizer, also moves through the strait, making global agriculture highly vulnerable. Recent gas supply disruptions have already forced fertilizer plants in the Gulf and beyond to cut or halt production, raising concerns that farmers may have to reduce fertilizer use or face higher production costs. Torero emphasized that poorer countries are especially at risk because planting calendars leave little room for delays; a slowdown in input delivery could quickly lead to “lower output, higher inflation and slower global growth.” The blockade stems from Iran’s decision to bring traffic to a near‑total halt in retaliation for attacks by the United States and Israel, which launched a war on Tehran on 28 February, resulting in the death of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The conflict has already doubled oil and gas prices compared with pre‑war levels. Negotiations between Iranian and US representatives over a 21‑hour marathon failed to secure a permanent ceasefire. Subsequently, US President Donald Trump announced a naval blockade, stating that the navy would interdict ships in international waters that had paid Iran a toll to traverse the strait. The US military later declared it would block all maritime traffic entering and exiting Iranian ports, including those in the Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. FAO officials stress that decisive action—both a sustained ceasefire and the reopening of the waterway—is essential to prevent the looming food crisis from becoming a full‑blown catastrophe.

The Sea of Azov, once a cherished destination for Ukrainians, has become a casualty of the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia. The 2022 invasion resulted in Russia seizing the entire sea, creating a 'land bridge' to safeguard its control of Crimea. For Ukrainians like Mariya Bubnova, the sea holds fond memories of sailing and family traditions.Bubnova, a displaced person and mother of two, recalls the warm and barely salty waters of the Azov, where she and her friends would rent sailboats. However, the Russian invasion destroyed her family's business, and they were forced to flee to the Netherlands. The loss of Azov has had a devastating impact on Ukraine's economy, with estimated losses of 10-12% of its GDP and $12.4 trillion in resources, including coal mines, metals, and rare earth minerals.While Russia has gained control of Azov, the victory is considered a Pyrrhic one, with destroyed industrial assets and infrastructure rendering the area largely unusable. The steel plants of Mariupol, once a major industrial hub, lie in ruins, and the seawater is polluted due to the destroyed sewage system and shelling. Furthermore, Russia's gains in terms of industrial assets are estimated to be 'almost zero', as Moscow can only utilize the industrial area of the city of Melitopol.The conflict has also led to a significant brain drain, with refugees from the area settling in other parts of Ukraine or in the West. Bubnova and her family have had to adapt to a new life in Slavutych, a former company town north of Kyiv. Despite the challenges, she and her husband have started a new company to produce canned soups, and her daughter has developed a new recipe for borscht.A possible development that could dramatically boost Azov's geopolitical status is the proposed canal between Azov and the Caspian Sea, which would give Caspian nations access to the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. However, this project would rival the Suez Canal and bolster Russia's role in the region, potentially working against China, Türkiye, and Iran.

President Donald Trump asserted that a diplomatic path remains open for Tehran, even as the United States enforces a naval blockade of Iranian ports and Israel deepens its ground offensive in southern Lebanon. Iran’s leadership denounced the blockade as "piracy" and thousands gathered in Tehran to demonstrate against the restriction on maritime traffic through the strategic Strait of Hormuz. The Associated Press reported that diplomatic channels are still active; Pakistan has volunteered to host a second round of negotiations in Islamabad later this week. US blockade and protests: The enforcement of the maritime restrictions has provoked Iranian accusations of illegal action and sparked street protests in the capital. Tehran’s legal stance: Iran’s armed forces labeled the blockade unlawful, warning that targeting its ports could jeopardize broader Gulf shipping. IRGC warning: A Revolutionary Guard spokesperson hinted that Iran retains "unused capabilities" and may adopt new tactics if the confrontation escalates. Parliamentary support for the Pope: Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf praised Pope Leo XIV’s condemnation of the war, describing it as courageous. Russian nuclear staff pull‑out: Moscow has withdrawn most of its personnel from Iran’s sole nuclear power plant, a project built with Russian assistance. Qatar’s mediation call: Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani urged both Washington and Tehran to engage constructively in mediation. Pakistan’s ceasefire assessment: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said the US‑Iran truce is holding, even as weekend talks failed to produce a breakthrough. Shipping disruption: A UN spokesperson warned that there is no military solution and noted that roughly 20,000 vessels are stranded, straining global supply chains, especially for fertiliser. UK push for Lebanese inclusion: London advocated adding Lebanon to the US‑Iran ceasefire framework, which currently omits Hezbollah‑related fighting. US‑Lebanon diplomatic talks: Israeli and Lebanese ambassadors are slated to meet in Washington to discuss halting hostilities. Hezbollah’s rejection: Leader Naim Qassem urged Lebanon to cancel the planned Washington meeting, reaffirming the group’s opposition to any direct dialogue with Israel. Russia’s uranium offer: The Kremlin reiterated its willingness to accept Iran’s enriched uranium as part of a broader US‑Iran settlement, echoing President Vladimir Putin’s statements. Trump on Iranian outreach: The former president claimed Iranian officials have expressed a strong desire to negotiate, though he did not identify the interlocutors. Trump’s stance on the Pope: He dismissed criticism of Pope Leo XIV as unwarranted, labeling the pontiff "weak" on key issues, including Iran. Threat to Iranian vessels: Trump warned that U.S. forces will neutralise any Iranian fast‑attack ships that approach the blockade zone. Domestic political pressure: Senate Democrats, led by Chuck Schumer, are pushing for a new vote to limit the president’s war‑making powers, citing rising U.S. fuel prices. Protester arrests in New York: Approximately 90 demonstrators, including whistleblower Chelsea Manning and actor Hari Nef, were detained during a Manhattan traffic‑stop protest against the war and U.S. arms sales to Israel. Israel’s buffer‑zone push: Israeli forces continue ground and air operations in southern Lebanon, razing structures in border towns such as Naqoura to create a security buffer. Hezbollah retaliation: The group has intensified rocket and drone attacks on Israeli positions in locations like Bint Jbeil and Biyyada. Accusations of a "Greater Israel": Hezbollah chief Hassan Qassem accused Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of pursuing an expansionist agenda backed by the United States. Diplomatic tension with Italy: Israel summoned the Italian ambassador after Italy’s foreign minister condemned Israeli attacks on Beirut as "unacceptable". Casualties in Lebanon: Israeli operations have raised the death toll in southern Lebanon since March 2 to at least 2,089, including a recent drone strike that killed two civilians near Nabatieh. Public opinion in Lebanon: Lebanese citizens are divided, with some weary of the conflict and hopeful for diplomacy, while others distrust Israel’s intentions. Canadian casualty: Canada’s foreign minister confirmed that a Canadian national died in southern Lebanon, though details remain scarce. Energy implications: Reuters reported that a Chinese‑owned tanker, sanctioned by the United States, successfully navigated the Strait of Hormuz despite the blockade, underscoring the challenges of enforcement. Oil market outlook: U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright warned that oil prices could keep climbing until "meaningful ship traffic" resumes through the strait.

The NAACP has filed a lawsuit against Elon Musk's artificial intelligence company, xAI, alleging that it has been illegally spewing toxic pollutants into Black neighborhoods near Memphis. The lawsuit claims that xAI's makeshift power plant in Southaven, Mississippi, has been operating without permits, violating the Clean Air Act.The suit, filed on Tuesday in Mississippi federal court, alleges that xAI has been polluting the surrounding historically Black communities by using dozens of methane gas generators without permits. The organization is seeking to force the company to stop operating its unpermitted turbines in Southaven.“All too often, big corporations like xAI treat our communities and families like obstacles to be pushed aside,” said Derrick Johnson, the president and CEO of the NAACP. “We will not allow xAI to get away with this.”xAI's datacenters, nicknamed “Colossus” and “Colossus II” by Musk, are massive facilities, with the latter occupying 1m sq ft in Memphis. They are located in Memphis's industrial zone and a few miles from residential neighborhoods that have long dealt with harmful pollution, including Boxtown, a neighborhood that was established by formerly enslaved people after emancipation in the 19th century.The lawsuit alleges xAI illegally installed and operated up to 27 gas turbines, each one the size of a large bus, to power the datacenters. Combined, they have the capacity to emit tons of harmful nitrogen oxides per year, along with toxic chemicals like formaldehyde, according to the Southern Environmental Law Center.xAI issued a statement in response to the lawsuit: “We take our commitment to the community and environment seriously. The temporary power generation units are operating in compliance with all applicable laws.” The company did not respond to questions about whether it will address the alleged violations listed in the lawsuit.Black residents still make up a large portion of the Memphis neighborhoods, which have faced higher rates of asthma and respiratory diseases as well as a lower life expectancy than other parts of the city. Studies have likewise shown these neighborhoods have a cancer risk that is four times the national average.

Nissan announced a sweeping overhaul that places AI‑defined vehicles at the core of its revival strategy. Chief executive Ivan Espinosa said the automaker will eventually embed autonomous‑driving technology in 90% of its cars, positioning the brand for a future where self‑driving functions become standard. As part of the same initiative, Nissan will reduce its lineup from 56 to 45 models, redirecting capital toward higher‑margin offerings. The move follows a painful restructuring that has already seen seven factory closures and the loss of 20,000 jobs since Espinosa took the helm last year. Speaking at Nissan’s Yokohama headquarters, Espinosa warned that “structural challenges have compounded over time,” noting that the company’s portfolio has aged faster than the market and that fixed costs remain high despite declining scale. The Japanese automaker also unveiled its new battery‑electric Juke, a crossover SUV that will be built at the Sunderland plant in northern England. This model is a keystone of Nissan’s broader electrification push in Europe. While accelerating its EV agenda, Nissan reaffirmed a commitment to hybrid technology, unveiling a new hybrid Rogue (known as the X‑Trail in some markets) aimed at the US, where recent policy shifts have reduced incentives for fully electric cars. To fuel growth, Nissan set ambitious sales targets: an additional 550,000 units in Japan by 2030 and one million units each in the United States and China. The rapid rollout of autonomous capabilities is expected to boost demand for the technology, benefitting partners such as Wayve, the British AI startup that signed its first deal with Nissan a year ago. Bernstein analyst Masahiro Akita called the plan “reasonable” but cautioned that “ongoing macro uncertainty makes it unclear whether Nissan can sustain top‑line growth and achieve a genuine turnaround.”

A recent study has confirmed what many people can already feel: summers are getting longer, and the trend is particularly pronounced in Sydney. The research, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, found that summer conditions are arriving earlier, lasting longer, and feeling more intense due to human-induced global heating.The study, conducted by PhD candidate Ted Scott from the University of British Columbia, analyzed data from 10 global cities and found that the length of summer is increasing on average by six days every decade. However, in Sydney, Australia, the summer period is growing at a rate of about 15 days every decade.In Minneapolis, Minnesota, the summer length is increasing by nine days every decade, while Toronto in Canada is adding a little over eight days to its summer every decade. Paris and Reykjavik are adding 7.2 days to their summer periods.The research also found that the shift from one season to another is becoming more abrupt, with summer-like conditions arriving more suddenly rather than gradually warming up. Sydney's summer period has grown from 65 days in the 1960s to 125-130 days in recent years, with the summer starting almost a full month earlier on November 27 and ending on March 28.The study's findings have significant implications for various aspects of life, including school terms, sporting seasons, and crop planting. The researchers emphasize that the trend is driven by human-induced global heating and that reducing fossil fuel usage is crucial to mitigating the effects of climate change.

Moya Brennan, the celebrated voice behind Irish folk ensemble Clannad, passed away at the age of 73 in her native County Donegal, surrounded by family. The 73‑year‑old had been living with pulmonary fibrosis and was awaiting a possible double‑lung transplant when she died peacefully. Born 4 August 1952 in Dublin as Máire Philomena Ní Bhraonáin, she grew up in a large musical family that performed in their local pub. She later honed her craft at the Royal Irish Academy of Music before co‑founding Clannad in 1970 with her brothers and two uncles. Clann2’s early breakthrough came at the Slógadh Youth Festival, where a prize‑winning performance secured a Polydor contract—though the band members were too young to sign. Their commitment to singing in the Irish language set them apart; as Brennan recalled in 2022, they felt they were “letting the language down” but fell in love with its melodies. The group’s commercial breakthrough arrived in 1983 with the album Magical Ring and its hit single “Theme from Harry’s Game.”strong> The track reached No. 5 on the UK Top 40, earned Clannad a historic appearance on Top of the Pops as the first act to perform in Irish, and paved the way for a BAFTA‑winning score for the ITV series Robin of Sherwood. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Brennan earned the moniker “first lady of Celtic music,” garnering praise from peers such as Bono of U2 and contributing vocals to major film soundtracks including Titanic and King Arthur. Her sister Eithne, later known as Enya, also emerged from Clannad before launching a wildly successful solo career. Beyond her musical achievements, Brennan’s personal journey was marked by hardship. She publicly discussed a 1972 abortion in England, subsequent substance use, an 18‑month marriage to fellow musician Pat Farrell, a miscarriage in 1987, and a brief relationship with U2’s Adam Clayton. A deepening Christian faith after the miscarriage helped her overcome addiction, and she later married photographer Tim Jarvis in 1990, a partnership she credited with ending her drug use. Her solo discography began with the critically acclaimed album Máire in 1992 and continued through 2024’s Voices & Harps IV with Cormac de Barra. Brennan also devoted considerable energy to philanthropy, working with Christian Blind Mission Ireland on projects across the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Brazil, and Tanzania, and supporting programs for those battling drug and alcohol dependency. In 2002 she officially adopted the stage name Moya Brennan, formalising the change by deed poll in 2009. Over the years she collaborated with a diverse roster of artists, from Shane MacGowan and Robert Plant to Bruce Hornsb​y, the Doobie Brothers, and Ronan Keating. Brennan is survived by her husband Tim Jarvis and their two children. In a 2022 interview she attributed her resilience in the face of her lung disease to her Christian faith, stating, “I know God is with me… that’s where my strength comes from.”

Up early on a remarkable day, the moon still visible in the morning sky, evoking a sense of wonder with the knowledge of four humans having traveled further from Earth than anyone in history. The author seeks Easter tranquility by the sea in the Ventnor Undercliff, Isle of Wight, where on a clear day, France seems within sight.Sitting on the terrace, taking in the view, the author notices a fast, lithe, slender movement. A wall lizard, camouflaged against the olive tree bark, is basking in the warmest day of the year. Its coloring features olive, muted grey, brown, and yellow flank stripes.The origin of the well-established wall lizard population in the area is disputed, with theories including shipwreck survivors, wild animals at the northernmost end of their range, or introduced by collectors in the late 19th century. A genetic study suggests their origins are in Italy, in the middle of their European range.The Undercliff's microclimate suits the lizards' lifestyle, with south-facing terraces, scrubby plants, and handy crevices. The lizard's bold behavior leads it to dash straight towards the author, stopping inches away, seemingly unafraid and possibly indignant. After a moment, it scampers past without acknowledgment, and both the lizard and the author continue their day.