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The Supreme Court DecisionIsrael's Supreme Court has unanimously rejected a government policy banning representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) from visiting Palestinian detainees in Israeli prisons. The court ruled that by preventing the Red Cross from visiting prisoners, the government had contravened Israeli and international law, and therefore the policy must be repealed.Legal Foundation RejectedThe court also ruled that the government failed to present a legal foundation for its policy on annulling all visits after the Hamas-led attack on October 2023, in which more than 1,100 people were killed and more than 240 were taken captive. The assault triggered a brutal war in Gaza, which has been defined as a genocide by several prominent scholars and an independent United Nations inquiry.Historical ContextIt was the first time in 50 years that Israel prevented Red Cross visits, according to the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI), which filed the petition. "For the first time in nearly three years, the over 9,000 Palestinian security prisoners being held in Israeli prisons and military detention centers will receive Red Cross visits," ACRI said. The ban remained in place even after a "ceasefire" was agreed last October.Legal Challenge TimelineThe petition by ACRI, Physicians for Human Rights, Israeli rights group HaMoked and Israeli NGO Gisha against the government policy was first filed in Israel's High Court in February 2024. But the state of Israel asked for 27 extensions before a hearing was held at the end of October last year.International ResponseThe ICRC welcomed the decision, saying it was ready to resume its visits. "We are continuing our dialogue with the Israeli authorities to resume our work in detention as soon as possible," it said in a statement. It added that access to detainees and the ability to meet with them privately are obligations under international law.Human Rights ConcernsWednesday's decision comes amid growing concerns over the ill-treatment of Palestinian detainees in Israeli prisons. Last week, the United Nations released its annual report on conflict-related sexual violence verified in 2025. It cited torture, rape, gang rape, forced nudity and "cavity searches conducted without apparent security justification perpetrated" by Israeli armed forces and security forces primarily during detention and interrogation and across several sites, including the infamous Sde Teiman military camp, among others.

Executive Overview: Rise of a Paramilitary PowerhouseThe article examines the emergence of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) as a decisive actor in Sudan’s recent history, tracing its journey from a loosely organized militia to a state‑backed paramilitary organization that now commands significant political influence.From Janjaweed to RSF: The Organizational TransformationKey milestones in the RSF’s evolution include:2003‑2005: Formation of the Janjaweed militias during the Darfur conflict.2007: Official integration of Janjaweed units into the newly created RSF under the guidance of Mohamed Hamdan “Hemedti” Dagalo.2013‑2019: Expansion of RSF’s mandate beyond Darfur, taking on roles in border security, disaster response, and internal policing.Funding, Armaments, and Manpower: Quantifying the RSF’s GrowthAvailable data indicate a rapid scaling of resources:Estimated personnel: ~100,000 fighters by 2025.Annual budget: reported at $1.2 billion, sourced from state allocations, mining revenues, and private contracts.Armament profile: acquisition of heavy weapons, armored vehicles, and limited air support, often procured through regional networks.Regional Stability and Governance: Why the RSF MattersThe RSF’s growing clout has reshaped Sudan’s power balance:It operates as a parallel security apparatus to the regular army, influencing political negotiations.Its involvement in the 2023‑2024 civil unrest heightened concerns among neighboring states about spill‑over effects.International actors, including the United Nations and the African Union, have called for clearer oversight to prevent human‑rights violations.Future Trajectories: Scenarios for Sudan’s Security ArchitectureAnalysts outline three plausible paths:Integration: Formal merger of the RSF into the national armed forces under a unified command.Fragmentation: Continued rivalry with the army, risking prolonged conflict.External Mediation: International pressure leading to a power‑sharing agreement that limits RSF autonomy.Each scenario carries distinct implications for Sudan’s political stability, economic recovery, and regional security environment.

The Final Bow for Football's GreatestThe FIFA World Cup 2026 could be the final act for some of football's finest talents. Although some of this tournament's players will set a men's football record by appearing in their sixth World Cup, age is catching up, and other players have struggled with injuries.Cristiano Ronaldo - Portugal's Ageless WonderAlthough fitness has been one of Ronaldo's biggest strengths during his illustrious career, at 41, the Portugal forward knows his playing days are numbered. Numbers have always been on the former Manchester United and Real Madrid forward's side, though, and he fired in 30 in 37 matches for Al-Nassr this season, while his tally for Portugal currently sits at 143 goals.The second-oldest player at this year's tournament, only behind Scotland's 43-year-old Craig Gordon, Ronaldo heads to his record sixth World Cup, well aware it could be his final chance to lift the coveted golden trophy: the only one missing from his glittering cabinet.Lionel Messi - Argentina's Final ChapterLike Ronaldo, Messi is also off to his record sixth finals appearance, one where he will lead Argentina's defense of the title they won in Qatar four years ago. Argentina's all-time leading scorer and appearance holder, Messi, has struggled with injury in the build-up to the tournament, raising doubts about whether he will feature in each game and if his body can keep up with the gruelling demands of an expanded World Cup.The eight-time Ballon d'Or winner's impact and talent, however, are such that, even at 38, he remains the heartbeat of the football-crazy South American nation.Luka Modric - Croatia's Midfield MaestroAfter playing a key role in Croatia's run to the 2018 final and a third-place finish in 2022, Modric is ready for his fifth and final appearance at the World Cup. As the 40-year-old heads to the tournament after undergoing cheekbone surgery, the veteran knows the team still relies heavily on him for his playmaking prowess.The ageing midfielder, also the Balkan nation's captain, still enjoys a hero's status within a side that has often defied expectations on the global stage. Enjoy his magic in midfield before he bows out.Neymar Jr - Brazil's Comeback KingAt 34, Brazil's all-time leading scorer Neymar is much younger than Messi or Ronaldo, but unlike the two greats of the game, his place in the national team is not guaranteed. Neymar's comeback in the Brazil squad after a two-and-a-half-year hiatus electrified football fandom, and only time will tell whether it was a gamble or a tactical masterclass by coach Carlo Ancelotti.With a history of fitness issues, a series of injuries and mounting age (he would be 38 by the 2030 World Cup), what looks more certain is that this could be Neymar's fourth and final act at the tournament.Manuel Neuer - Germany's Goalkeeping LegendSuch is the "aura" of Neuer, as coach Julian Nagelsmann said last month, that the 40-year-old came out of retirement to be named Germany's first-choice goalkeeper for the 2026 World Cup. Back in the squad after nearly two years, fans will have a final chance to see him at the World Cup.Widely regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers, Neuer has played at four World Cups, most notably having a key role in Germany's 2014 World Cup triumph on Brazilian soil.Mohamed Salah - Egypt's African StarArguably Africa's greatest player of all time, Salah became a global superstar on the back of his success at Liverpool, where he won nine trophies. At 33, and no longer at the peak of his powers, this could be the forward's second, and possibly final, World Cup.An underwhelming season and his subsequent departure from Liverpool may have tempered expectations. Yet Egyptians continue to place their faith in their beloved number 10, hoping he can inspire the nation and help deliver something it has never experienced before: the joy of celebrating a World Cup victory.Kevin de Bruyne - Belgium's Playmaking EngineA big part of Belgium's "golden generation" between 2014 and 2022, playmaker De Bruyne continues to flourish in his duties for club and country. Age, however, is starting to catch up with the playmaker, who turns 35 later this month.The Napoli midfielder's performance is central to Belgium's odds of a deep run at the 2026 World Cup, and he will be eager to drive them to a memorable finish in what will be his fourth and presumably final appearance at the tournament.Virgil van Dijk - Netherlands' Defensive LeaderExperienced centre-back van Dijk is not quite the force he was a few years ago, when he won the Champions League and Premier League in back-to-back seasons with Liverpool. The Netherlands captain turns 35 next month, and the Dutch could move on with a younger defensive core by the time the 2030 edition comes around.After reaching the 2022 World Cup quarterfinals and Euro 2024 semifinals, van Dijk will hope to take the team one step further in what will be his third finals.Sadio Mane - Senegal's Inspirational CaptainWidely regarded as one of the world's best wingers, Mane heads to the World Cup seeking to make up for the disappointing leg injury that denied him a shot at Qatar 2022. At 34, the Senegal international is far from the peak of his career, which saw him enjoy trophy-laden spells at Liverpool and Bayern Munich.Despite his mounting age, Mane remains the team's source of inspiration and creativity, and he was an integral part of the side that beat Morocco in the Africa Cup of Nations final – only for the result to be overturned due to Senegal's mid-game protest.Mane will feature in his third, and likely final, World Cup, given that the Teranga Lion has said the last AFCON was his last, although the coaching team have said they have not given up on changing his mind.Guillermo Ochoa - Mexico's Record-Setting GoalkeeperPart of an esteemed group which includes Messi and Ronaldo, Ochoa is also set to play at a record sixth World Cup. The goalkeeper, who will turn 41 next month, had not been part of the national squad in recent years, but was picked for the tournament, which is being co-hosted by his country, Mexico.Known for being a formidable figure in Mexico's previous World Cup campaigns, Ochoa will retire at the end of the team's run at the tournament.The FIFA World Cup begins on June 11. You can follow the action on Al Jazeera's dedicated World Cup 2026 page with all the latest news, match build-up and live text commentary, and keep up to date with group standings, real-time match results and schedules.

The Road to World Cup Qualification The equation sounds simple: avoid defeat on Friday and England will qualify automatically for the Women’s World Cup. The reality of the task ahead is far more complicated. Facing the world champions, Spain, like the Serra de Tramuntana mountain range that towers into the sky behind the Estadi Mallorca Son Moix, is an imposing barrier between the Lionesses and Brazil 2027. The Challenge of Taming Spain A positive result in Mallorca would do more than guarantee England a shot at glory next summer. It would send a powerful statement that England remain a force to be reckoned with if they can tame the game’s greatest technical midfield, again. Historical Context and Rivalry Spain away is the toughest fixture in international football. Topping a tough qualifying group – in a fixture that is a repeat of 2023’s World Cup final – would show the Lionesses are ready for a world title to add to their two European triumphs. England's Preparation and Strategy England, the only team in Europe’s top tier, League A, to boast a 100% record in qualifying so far, produced a spirited performance to beat Spain 1-0 at Wembley in April, when an early Lauren Hemp goal was enough to move Sarina Wiegman’s side to the top of their group. The Impact of Injuries and Team Dynamics England will be without their captain, Leah Williamson, and Taylor Hinds through injury. However, Wiegman confirmed she has a full squad to draw from otherwise in Palma, including Lauren James, who missed the World Sevens final in Brentford on Sunday after picking up a minor injury. Spain see James as England’s biggest threat. The Future Outlook Knowing a draw would be enough for England could foster a degree of complacency, but Wiegman’s philosophy is plain enough: “The principle is always, whatever the situation, we go out there to win.”

The LeadIran were one of the first teams to secure qualification for the 2026 World Cup and, compared to previous campaigns, they had a relatively smooth path to the tournament. However, preparing the team for the competition has been anything but easy, with geopolitical conflicts threatening their participation.Tactical Flexibility Amidst Geopolitical ChallengesIran's conflicts with the US and Israel threw their involvement at the World Cup into serious doubt – all three of their group games take place in the US. Nevertheless, in their two friendlies in March against Nigeria and Costa Rica, Iran showed that they have different plans in mind for the World Cup. In the first match against Nigeria, they lined up in a 3-6-1 formation – a setup described as the team's "defensive plan B", likely designed for the group meeting with Belgium. In the second game against Costa Rica, Ghalenoei used a 4-4-2 formation, indicating that he intends to shift tactics depending on the opponent. The primary system remains 4-2-3-1, which Iran used in most of qualifying.Group Stage Fixtures and Strategic AdjustmentsIran will face New Zealand on June 15 in Los Angeles, Belgium on June 21 in Los Angeles, and Egypt on June 26 in Seattle. Despite the problems and controversies surrounding the national team, who moved their World Cup base camp from the US to Mexico just weeks before the tournament, manager Amir Ghalenoei still believes his side are capable of achieving something special. "We've had many problems recently, but the players tried their best and made sacrifices. They worked so hard [through qualification] and sacrificed a lot, so it is my job to thank them. They can do something epic in the World Cup."The Coach's Redemption MissionAmir Ghalenoei was a diminutive midfielder who played mainly for Esteghlal, one of Tehran's two biggest clubs. As a coach, Ghalenoei went on to become one of the most decorated managers in Iran, although his aggressive personality has prevented him from becoming universally popular. This is his second spell in charge of the national team. He first took over after the 2006 World Cup but was dismissed following Iran's elimination from the 2007 AFC Asian Cup – an episode he still recalls bitterly. Success this summer would give Ghalenoei an opportunity to settle old scores with his longtime critics.Captain Mehdi Taremi: Iran's Key AttackerMehdi Taremi has never truly been a fan favourite, but there is no doubt that if Iran are to achieve something significant at the World Cup, their hopes will rest on the form of a player who has delivered consistently for Porto, Inter, and Olympiakos. Having spent several years competing at the highest level in Europe, Taremi has developed confidence and authority, to the point that he is now influential in the team's internal decisions as well. He is a hard-working striker who also contributes defensively. His greatest strength lies in making runs in behind the opposition's defence and finding himself one-on-one with the goalkeeper.Rising Star: Mehdi Ghayedi's Potential ImpactMany in Iran expected Mehdi Ghayedi to develop into a major star, but controversy and off-field distractions seem to have followed him everywhere. So far he has failed to achieve the level of consistency and continuity that had been expected of him but he is only 27 and should be in his peak years. The lightning-fast Al-Nasr (UAE) winger could, in fact, become Ghalenoei's surprise weapon in North America. With his dazzling dribbling skills and precise finishing, Ghayedi is capable of producing eye-catching moments. After spending some time sidelined through injury, he marked his return to the national team with a stunning goal against Costa Rica in March.The Unsung Hero: Saman Ghoddos' VersatilitySince making his debut almost a decade ago, Saman Ghoddos has been a reliable, consistent member of the Iran squad. However, since he has never played for an Iranian club, he has not benefited from the traditional support of club fans, and as a result, has received less media attention. Nevertheless, thanks to his good character and professionalism, the former Brentford player – who can play almost anywhere on the pitch – is a well-liked figure within the team. Born in Malmö, Sweden, he left the Premier League for Kalba in the UAE in 2024.Probable Starting XI and Key AbsencesA few players can feel certain of their place in the starting lineup regardless of the formation. Alireza Beiranvand will be Iran's first-choice goalkeeper for a third consecutive World Cup. Shojae Khalilzadeh is the only centre-back guaranteed a starting spot, while Saeid Ezatolahi, if fully fit, is the undisputed No 6 in midfield. Up front, whether Iran play with one striker or two, Mehdi Taremi – wearing the captain's armband – will lead the line. Another star forward, Sardar Azmoun, has been left out. He is a divisive figure in Iran after the publication of photos with the ruler of the United Arab Emirates, who supported the US and Israel during the war.

The Lead South Africa is facing a growing humanitarian crisis as foreign nationals are being forced out of their homes amid rising xenophobic sentiments. The situation has created an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty among immigrant communities across the country, with many seeking safety as tensions escalate. The Escalating Crisis Reports indicate that foreign nationals, including refugees and migrants from various African countries, have been targeted and displaced from their residences. The situation has been described as increasingly volatile, with community tensions reaching dangerous levels. Local authorities are struggling to contain the unrest while ensuring the safety of all residents regardless of their nationality. Regional Impact The displacement of foreign nationals is creating significant challenges for neighboring countries as well, as many affected individuals attempt to flee South Africa. The crisis is straining resources in border regions and raising concerns about regional stability. International organizations are monitoring the situation closely, with some expressing alarm at the rapid deterioration of conditions for immigrants in South Africa. Humanitarian Concerns The forced displacement has left thousands without adequate shelter, food, or basic necessities. Human rights organizations are calling for immediate intervention to protect vulnerable populations and prevent further violence against foreign nationals. The situation has raised serious questions about South Africa's commitment to human rights and its obligations under international refugee law. Future Outlook Without immediate intervention, the crisis threatens to deepen, potentially leading to widespread displacement and increased regional instability. South African authorities face the urgent challenge of addressing the root causes of xenophobia while protecting the rights and safety of all residents. The international community may need to step in with humanitarian aid and diplomatic pressure to prevent further escalation of the situation.

The LeadThe Southern Africa Litigation Centre (SALC) has initiated a significant legal challenge against South Africa's National Conventional Arms Control Committee (NCACC), arguing that arms exports to the United States may violate domestic legislation and international peace and security standards. The case represents a rare challenge to South Africa's arms export policies and comes amid already strained diplomatic relations between the two nations.Legal Challenge DetailsSALC filed its application in the North Gauteng High Court in Pretoria, seeking to either suspend or set aside the arms export permits granted by the NCACC. The organization contends that the committee failed to properly apply the standards set out in South Africa's National Conventional Arms Control Act, which requires authorities to refuse or withdraw permits where there is a risk that arms exports could contribute to human rights violations or undermine international peace and security.The legal challenge targets several high-level respondents, including the chairperson of the NCACC, the minister of defense, and the president of South Africa. At the time of the filing, the government had not issued a public response to the lawsuit.Financial Impact of Arms ExportsAccording to SALC, South Africa authorized arms exports worth tens of millions of US dollars to the United States in 2025 alone. The organization claims it had previously raised concerns with authorities regarding these permits but did not receive a substantive response, prompting the legal action.The financial value of these exports underscores the significance of the case, as it involves substantial economic interests alongside human rights and international security considerations.International Relations ImplicationsThe lawsuit emerges within a complex diplomatic context between South Africa and the United States, which have experienced differences on various issues including foreign policy, trade, aid policy, and international cooperation. While the legal challenge does not directly address diplomatic relations, it arises from and contributes to the broader international discourse on arms control and global security.Notably, SALC believes this case to be the first in South Africa to challenge arms exports to a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council on the basis of international law and human rights concerns, though this claim has not been independently verified.Future OutlookA hearing date has not yet been set for the case, and the High Court has not ruled on the merits of the application. The outcome of this legal challenge could potentially set a significant precedent for South Africa's arms export policies and its approach to international human rights obligations.The case also highlights growing global scrutiny of arms transfers and their potential human rights implications, particularly when involving major military powers and regions of geopolitical significance.

The Lead Billings reservoir, Brazil's largest urban water source, is facing a critical environmental crisis that threatens the water supply for 22 million people in São Paulo. Despite its vital importance for energy generation, flood control, and drinking water, decades of pollution and mismanagement have pushed this crucial ecosystem to the brink of collapse. The Environmental Crisis at Billings Biologist Marta Marcondes and community activist Wesley Silvestre Rosa navigate the polluted waters of Billings reservoir, monitoring contamination levels and documenting the environmental degradation. Large areas of the reservoir are contaminated with household and industrial waste, pharmaceutical residues, microplastics, and fecal matter, creating what Marcondes describes as a smell that "you could die if you drank this." The Scale of Contamination At 127 sq km (49 sq miles), Billings reservoir serves as a critical water source for the 22 million people living in São Paulo's metropolitan area. Despite its importance, urban planners attribute the contamination to neglect by local authorities, flawed water management policies, and uncontrolled urban expansion. The reservoir also generates energy via a hydroelectric dam and plays crucial roles in flood control, irrigation, and providing cooling during extreme heat. The Human Impact Roughly 1.5 million people live around Billings, many in favelas or other irregular housing settlements. In January, residents blamed São Paulo's water utility, Sabesp, for dumping waste into the reservoir, resulting in environmental fines. Sabesp attributed the incident to "irregular entry of rainwater into the sewage network" and "hydraulic overload of the system" intensified by heavy rains. The Historical Context Built to power São Paulo's growing industrial base via the Henry Borden hydroelectric plant, Billings reservoir marked its 100th anniversary last year. Urban planner Nabil Bonduki suggests that the redirection of polluted water from the Pinheiros and Tietê rivers to supply the plant has turned Billings into an "environmental sacrifice zone," prioritizing energy production over environmental health. The Path Forward Marcondes warns that without immediate action, the risk of a "collapsed system" is imminent. Community activists and scientists continue monitoring the reservoir's condition, collecting samples, and documenting pollution sources. The ongoing crisis highlights the urgent need for comprehensive water management reforms and sustainable urban planning to protect this vital resource for future generations.

Escalation of Violence in Mogadishu Amid Election DelayGovernment forces and militias allied with the opposition opened fire in Somalia’s capital, Mogadishu, after President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud announced an extension of his term despite its expiry in May. The unrest forced residents to flee, damaged buildings and halted a planned anti‑government protest.Clash Between Government Forces and Opposition MilitiasWednesday: Fighting broke out in several neighbourhoods.Thursday morning: Heavy security presence; police described the attacks as “organised”.9:30 am Thursday (06:30 GMT): Violence subsided as talks began.Key participants included government troops, opposition‑aligned militias, and civilian demonstrators calling for a peaceful protest.Humanitarian Toll and Infrastructure DamageWhile official casualty figures remain unconfirmed, witnesses reported:Mortar shells striking residential houses, injuring at least one civilian.Armoured vehicles set ablaze.Deliberate disruption of electrical supplies.Photographs showed government forces positioned among civilians at a street junction, underscoring the proximity of combat to populated areas.Members of Somali government forces stand among civilians at an intersection before a planned protest against President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud over his decision to remain in office after his term expired last month [Feisal Omar/Reuters]Regional and International RepercussionsThe African Union, European Union and the U.S. embassy in Mogadishu issued statements urging restraint and expressing deep concern over the clashes in residential districts. The violence revives memories of previous term‑extension disputes, such as former President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmaajo’s 2021 overstay, which also sparked international condemnation.Outlook for Somalia’s Political StabilityWith talks underway but no clear resolution, analysts warn that continued use of heavy weaponry against civilians could further erode public trust and embolden insurgent groups like Al‑Shabaab. The next steps—whether a negotiated settlement or renewed repression—will shape Somalia’s trajectory toward either renewed conflict or a fragile political settlement.