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A recent study has found that sperm deteriorates over time as it remains in the body, leading researchers to suggest that men who ejaculate more frequently may have better sperm quality.The study, which combined 115 human studies involving nearly 55,000 men and 56 studies on non-human species, found that the longer men went without sex, the more their sperm showed signs of DNA damage and oxidative stress, and the more tests rated the sperm as less viable and poorer swimmers.The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends men abstain from ejaculating for two to seven days before giving sperm for fertility tests or IVF, but the guidelines were designed to obtain the highest sperm count rather than prioritizing the best quality sperm.Dr. Krish Sanghvi, lead author of the study, said: "In men, the negative effects we found on sperm DNA damage and oxidative damage were large-ish, so we are confident that this is a biologically meaningful and important effect."The study's findings suggest that clinicians and couples should reconsider whether long abstinence is always good, as abstinence leads to deterioration in sperm quality.For couples trying to conceive naturally, a balance between quantity and quality needs to be struck, with abstaining for too long or too little potentially affecting sperm quality and quantity.Experts say that for assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments, it's having the freshest, most healthy sperm that is probably more important, and that the two to seven days abstinence rule may not be as crucial when IVF treatment is taking place.

Mircea Lucescu, Romania's 80-year-old football manager, is defying his physical limitations to pursue his country's World Cup aspirations. Lucescu has been hospitalized three times since December but remains resolute in his mission to lead Romania to their first World Cup in 28 years. Lucescu's determination is rooted in his passion for football and his sense of duty to Romanian football. He believes that his team has a chance to qualify for the World Cup and is focused on preparing them for the playoff semi-final against Turkey. Despite his advanced age and health issues, Lucescu's energy and love for the game have not diminished. He has a long and illustrious career in football, having played for Romania at the 1970 World Cup and later managed the national team to several successful campaigns. Lucescu's approach to coaching emphasizes the importance of mental preparation and motivation. He believes that his players must be strongly motivated and able to control their emotions in order to succeed. The buildup to the Turkey game has not been easy for Lucescu, with injuries to key players Ionut Radu and Marius Marin. However, he remains focused on the task at hand and is determined to lead his team to victory. Lucescu's legacy in football is undeniable, with over 30 trophies won throughout his career. His second stint as Romania manager began shortly after the 2024 European Championship, and he is eager to make a lasting impact on the team. As Lucescu prepares for the playoff semi-final, he is also mindful of the broader context of Ukrainian football, having left a legacy in the country after 12 years at Shakhtar Donetsk and three with Dynamo Kyiv. He keeps in touch with his former players and friends in Ukraine, who are facing a difficult situation due to the ongoing conflict. Lucescu's ultimate goal is to help Romania qualify for the World Cup, not for personal glory but for the benefit of Romanian football. He hopes that his players will treat this game as a moment to mark a before and after, defining a generation and achieving an extraordinary feat for Romania.

Ukraine's national football team is on the brink of a significant achievement as they prepare to face Sweden in a crucial World Cup 2026 qualifier playoff. The match, set to take place in Valencia, Spain, represents a vital opportunity for Ukraine to end their 20-year absence from the World Cup. Serhiy Rebrov, Ukraine's manager, is determined to lead his team to victory, emphasizing the importance of representing their country amidst ongoing challenges.The Ukrainian team has faced considerable adversity, including the absence of key players due to injuries and the impact of Russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022. Ukraine has had to play numerous matches in various European cities, including Lodz, Prague, Leverkusen, and Warsaw, due to the conflict at home. Despite these challenges, Rebrov's squad has shown resilience, having recently qualified for Euro 2024 and narrowly missing out on a spot in the 2022 World Cup.Rebrov's determination is palpable as he highlights the significance of this match for his players and the nation. 'We have to do something for our people,' he says. 'They deserve this. I'm sure our players will fight on the pitch, show character, show everything just to be there.' The team's motivation is further amplified by the support of their fans, with approximately 20,000 expected to attend the match at the Estadi Ciutat de Valencia.On the other side, Sweden, under the management of Graham Potter, is also eager to secure a spot in the World Cup. Despite their own challenges, including injuries to key players like Alexander Isak and Dejan Kulusevski, Potter remains optimistic about his team's chances. The match promises to be a closely contested encounter, with both teams aware of the significance of a victory.Beyond the sporting aspect, the match also holds emotional value, as both countries have agreed to a long-term cooperation agreement, including the donation of football equipment to Ukrainian schools. This gesture underscores the power of sports to foster unity and support in times of adversity.

As the conflict drags on, Iranians are attempting to maintain a semblance of ordinary life in the face of constant explosions and airstrikes. The days following Nowruz, the Persian New Year, are usually a time of renewal and celebration, but this year, the atmosphere is tense."More and more, people are starting to normalise this war", said Farhad, a photography editor in Tehran. "It's difficult, but we're adapting and trying to return to our daily lives as much as possible. There's no alternative. We're tired. We just want peace."Despite the challenges, some Iranians are finding ways to cope. Aylar, a 39-year-old human rights worker, paid for an expensive VPN to circumvent the internet blackout imposed by Iranian authorities so she could stay in touch with relatives abroad. She also made time for a coffee date with friends, highlighting the complexity of life during conflict.The humanitarian toll is significant, with Iran's official death toll frozen at around 1,500, but the real figure may be more than 3,000, according to the Iranian Human Rights Activists News Agency. Many more have been injured, and the psychological impact is profound.As the situation continues to unfold, uncertainty and division within Iranian society are palpable. While most Iranians oppose the war, some have welcomed it as a potential catalyst for change. The future remains uncertain, with concerns that the conflict could become a recurring reality.

The Iran war is threatening to disrupt shipping of crucial parts manufactured in the Gulf, potentially delaying large offshore wind projects in Europe. Industry sources are concerned that components ordered from suppliers in the United Arab Emirates could become trapped if shipping remains effectively blocked through the strait of Hormuz.These projects include two giant offshore windfarms planned for UK waters, as well as a series of projects that will supply offshore wind power to Germany and the Netherlands. The UK windfarms, which will lie off the coast of Norfolk, were each awarded a 20-year support contract from the British government just a month before Iran effectively closed the strait of Hormuz.The developer behind the plans, the German renewables group RWE, has contracted a Dubai-based company to deliver more than 180 components from its UAE fabrication yard while the windfarms are constructed. The windfarms are expected to supply the equivalent of about 4m UK homes before the end of the decade, meaning they would play an important part in supporting Britain’s aim to quadruple offshore wind capacity by 2030.A spokesperson for RWE said it had begun liaising closely with its supply chain partners amid the Middle East conflict, which has included airstrikes against key infrastructure. “Our primary focus is the safety of those working in the area,” they said. “To date there has only been a limited effect on our supply chain partners’ activities, but we are monitoring the situation closely and putting mitigation plans in place should the situation continue for a prolonged period.”The shutdown of the strait may also have an impact on a large project by the transmission operator TenneT that will link offshore wind projects in the German North Sea to mainland Germany. The company has contracted a UAE fabrication yard to deliver structural steel components, including a 5,461-tonne jacket foundation built for the BorWin6 high-voltage transmission project.

Italy and Northern Ireland are set to clash in a pivotal World Cup 2026 qualifier, with both teams eager to reassert their presence on the global football stage. For Italy, it's about regaining their footing after consecutive World Cup failures in 2018 and 2022, while Northern Ireland aims to return to the tournament for the first time in four decades.Gennaro Gattuso, Italy's coach, emphasized the significance of the match, stating, 'This is the most important game of my coaching career so far.' Italy's players, including Mateo Retegui, are equally determined, with Retegui asserting, 'Now is the time to show everyone exactly who we are.'Northern Ireland's manager, Michael O'Neill, faces challenges with a depleted squad, particularly the absence of Conor Bradley and Dan Ballard. Despite these setbacks, O'Neill remains optimistic, highlighting the team's youthful energy and lack of fear.The match, set to take place at Atalanta's Bergamo Stadium, promises to be intense. Gattuso noted Northern Ireland's direct playing style, saying, 'They typically 'toss the ball into the box' and thrive on latching on to second balls.' A win for Italy would likely seal their spot in the World Cup, while a loss could spell the end of O'Neill's tenure as Northern Ireland's manager.As both teams prepare for the crucial encounter, the pressure is palpable. Italy's four-time World Cup wins and football-crazed nation add to the weight of expectation. Will Italy overcome their recent struggles and secure a spot in the 2026 World Cup, or will Northern Ireland pull off a surprise?

The relationship between dogs and humans has long been a subject of fascination, and recent groundbreaking research has shed new light on the origins of this enduring bond. Published in the journal Nature, the study reveals that the genetic evidence for domestic dogs dates back an astonishing 15,000 years, a full 5,000 years earlier than previously thought.Ancient DNA analysis of dog remains has provided unprecedented insight into the early days of dog domestication. The oldest specimen, a 15,800-year-old dog buried alongside human remains in Anatolia, Turkey, and a 14,300-year-old jawbone from Gough's Cave in Somerset, England, are key findings that have helped researchers reevaluate the timeline of dog domestication.According to Dr. Lachie Scarsbrook of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the study suggests that dogs with diverse ancestries already existed across Eurasia 15,000 years ago, from Somerset to Siberia. This raises the possibility that domestication occurred during the last ice age, more than 10,000 years before the emergence of other domestic plants and animals.The research, conducted by international teams, analyzed DNA from bones at various sites, including Gough's Cave, Pınarbaşı in Turkey, and two sites in Serbia. Advanced sequencing techniques allowed researchers to piece together tiny fragments of ancient DNA, enabling clear species identification for the first time.Key findings include:Dogs were widespread across Europe and western Asia by at least 14,000 years ago.Isotopic analysis revealed dogs consumed a diet rich in fish, matching the local human diet in Turkey.Evidence of deep emotional bonds between humans and dogs, including the burial of puppies over human remains.The study's authors suggest that dogs may have increased hunting efficiency or served as an early warning system against predators. The genetic relationship between dogs across sites implies that they may have spread rapidly across Europe, possibly through trade between unrelated groups.As Prof. Laurent Frantz notes, the fact that people exchanged dogs so early suggests these animals must have been important, serving purposes beyond being pets. The research provides a fascinating glimpse into the ancient partnership between humans and dogs, highlighting the significance of this bond in human history.

Europe is bracing for a potential energy crisis, with fuel rationing possible as early as April if the Strait of Hormuz, a critical passage for oil and gas supplies, remains closed. Shell's CEO, Wael Sawan, issued this stark warning at a major oil industry conference in Texas, highlighting the escalating risks to global energy supplies.The crisis, now in its fourth week, has already led to energy rationing in Asian countries and significant price hikes for jet fuel, which has doubled in price since the start of the conflict. Sawan predicts that diesel and petrol will come under pressure next, particularly as the summer driving season begins in the US and Europe.Oil prices have fluctuated, dipping back to about $100 a barrel on Wednesday after reaching highs of around $114 earlier in the week. These developments have raised concerns about the potential for a prolonged global economic recession if oil prices continue to rise, with some predictions suggesting they could hit $150 a barrel.Larry Fink, CEO of BlackRock, the world's largest asset manager, warned of profound implications for the world economy if the conflict continues to drive up oil prices. He outlined two possible scenarios: one where the conflict resolves quickly, allowing oil prices to return to pre-crisis levels of about $70 a barrel, and another where prices remain high for years, potentially leading to a stark and steep recession.Germany's economy minister, Katherina Reiche, also spoke at the conference, cautioning that energy supply scarcity could occur in late April or May if the conflict continues. She criticized Germany's decision to phase out nuclear energy and emphasized the need for greater imports of gas via super-chilled tankers from overseas.

A newly expanded policy from the Trump administration could require travelers from five World Cup-qualified African countries to post a bond of up to $15,000 in order to enter the United States for the tournament.Visa bonds function as security deposits: a one-time payment that is meant to be refunded after a traveler exits the US under the terms of their visa. The amounts typically range between $5,000 and $15,000, and are required for passport holders from certain countries to enter the US legally under B-1 or B-2 visas, which are necessary for business travelers or tourists.The US State Department has mandated these bonds since launching a pilot program in late 2025, targeting many of the same countries affected by the Trump travel ban along with others – predominantly nations from Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and parts of Asia. Last week, the state department announced an expansion of the program, with visitors from 50 countries now required to submit the deposits if requested by US consular officials.Among those 50 countries, five have qualified for the World Cup, all from Africa: Algeria, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal and Tunisia. Though refundable, the cost of the bonds alone is sufficient to make travel to the US prohibitively expensive for most fans from these nations, where average annual income levels are approximately $5,000 per year or less. Tunisia is scheduled to play one group-stage game in the US with the other two in Mexico. Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire will play twice in the US and once in Canada. Algeria and Cape Verde will compete in all three of their group-stage matches in Mexico.Even if affordable for some supporters, the multi-thousand dollar requirement adds another significant complication for fans from these countries, including exorbitant ticket prices for the games themselves, hotel rates far above average, plus additional visa processing delays and potential safety concerns created by the presence of federal immigration officers from ICE and other agencies in US cities.It remains unclear which entities, if any, will be exempt from the visa bonds. While Trump's travel bans contain exemptions for athletes and officials participating in major sporting events like the World Cup, the visa bonds program contains no such provision.The 2026 World Cup is scheduled to commence on June 11, with the final taking place on July 19 at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey.