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What sparked the latest anti‑migrant unrest in South Africa?In late May 2026, demonstrations erupted in Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban, quickly turning violent as crowds targeted foreign nationals from other African countries. Protesters cited soaring unemployment, perceived competition for jobs and a surge in crime as justification for their anger.Key statistics behind the tensionUnemployment: The national unemployment rate remains above 34%, the highest in decades.Crime perception: Recent surveys show that 68% of South Africans believe crime has increased over the past year.Foreign‑born population: Approximately 2.5 million migrants reside in South Africa, many employed in informal sectors.How the protests are reshaping South Africa’s social landscapeThe unrest has reignited long‑standing xenophobic sentiments, prompting community leaders to call for dialogue while businesses warn of a decline in tourism and foreign investment. Police have deployed additional units and declared a temporary state of emergency in affected municipalities.What the government and civil society are doing nextPresident Cyril Ramaphosa’s administration announced a task force to address the root causes of xenophobia, focusing on job creation, crime reduction and public education campaigns. NGOs are mobilising volunteers to protect vulnerable migrants and to mediate between communities.Outlook: Can South Africa defuse the crisis?Analysts suggest that lasting stability will depend on tangible economic improvements and a coordinated effort to counter hate rhetoric. If the government can deliver measurable job growth and enforce law‑and‑order measures, the risk of further anti‑migrant violence may diminish; otherwise, the country could face prolonged social unrest.

The Guardian editorial argues that the UK must treat the plight of NEETs as a national priority, linking rising youth unemployment to inadequate training, housing costs and a fragmented policy framework.Milburn Commission Highlights Over 1 Million UK NEETsThe commission’s report, due in the autumn, shines a bright light on the 1 million young people aged 16‑24 who are not in education, employment or training. It criticises political attacks on welfare and “kids‑these‑days” rhetoric, insisting that the problem is fundamentally a policy failure.The Scale of the Crisis: Over 1 Million Young People Out of Work or Study1 million NEETs – roughly one in eight of the 16‑24 cohort.60 % are economically inactive, meaning they are not actively seeking work.Health‑related universal credit claims have risen in regions with fewer entry‑level jobs.Apprenticeship starts have fallen 35 % over the past decade.Why the UK Is Falling Behind Europe on Youth EmploymentCompared with other wealthy European nations, the UK records one of the highest rates of young people not in work or study. Contributing factors include:Housing inflation limiting independent living for young adults.Restrictive GCSE combinations that disadvantage less academic pupils.Chaotic further‑education reforms and the poorly‑implemented apprenticeship levy.Automation and AI‑driven profit growth that do not translate into entry‑level opportunities.A National Participation System: Pathway to Re‑engaging Young WorkersThe report proposes a new “participation system” that would coordinate work and pensions, health, education and business departments to pull young people into the labour market. While ambitious, the editorial stresses that without a clear, cross‑departmental mission the UK will continue to lose a generation to inactivity.

The Rising Tensions Between the US and Cuba US President Donald Trump is taking a harder stance on Cuba, with an indictment against former Cuban President Raul Castro and military threats reminiscent of Washington's approach in Venezuela. The US Playbook Applied to Cuba Trump's strategy towards Cuba seems to mirror the US approach in Venezuela, suggesting a broader regional strategy. This has raised concerns about the potential for increased conflict and instability in Latin America. Cuba's Preparedness and Response Despite decades of pressure from the United States, Cuba appears to be preparing for a potential major confrontation. The country is experiencing blackouts and rising tensions, which could escalate into a larger crisis. The Implications of Trump's Actions The question remains whether Trump's actions are merely political theatre or the beginning of a significant escalation. The international community is watching closely as the situation develops. Expert Insights and Analysis Lucia Newman, Al Jazeera Senior Latin America Correspondent, provides expert analysis on the situation. Episode credits: This episode was produced by Marcos Bartolomé and Sarí el-Khalili with Catherine Nouhan and our guest host, Tamara Khandaker. It was edited by Alexandra Locke. Our sound designer is Alex Roldan. Our video editors are Hisham Abu Salah and Mohannad al-Melhem. Alexandra Locke is The Take’s executive producer.

The LeadUnited States President Donald Trump has threatened longtime ally Oman with military force if it gets involved in the dispute over shipping access to the Strait of Hormuz, as Washington's war on Iran once again risks engulfing the Middle East. Trump's threat to "blow up" Oman came as Muscat reportedly held talks with Iran about overseeing passage through the strategic waterway that handles more than 20 percent of the world's global oil traffic.Trump's Unprecedented Threat Against a Key Ally"Nobody is going to control it," Trump said of the strait during a cabinet meeting in Washington. "It's international waters, and Oman will behave just like everybody else, or we will have to blow them up." This direct threat against a country with which Washington has had relations for more than 200 years has sent shockwaves across the region and drawn international criticism.While Hormuz is an international strait, most of it is located solely in Iranian and Omani territorial waters – not international waters – with parts of its outlying areas reaching United Arab Emirates (UAE) territorial waters. This geographical reality complicates Trump's assertion that the waterway is purely international.The Strategic Importance of the Strait of HormuzAs the only route for Gulf oil producers to ship exports to the open ocean, the strait has served as a free international maritime route for decades. Following the US-Israeli joint attacks on Iran on February 28, however, Tehran closed the waterway and began to assert sovereignty over it, including charging tolls of as much as $2m per ship at times.Under international maritime law, countries are not permitted to charge tolls to shipping passing through natural straits such as Hormuz, even where they are not in international waters. Countries can, however, provide services to shippers, such as insurance, maintenance and docking assistance.Regional Implications of Trump's ThreatShortly before Trump's comment, Iran's state television reported that Iran and the United States were close to agreeing on a memorandum of understanding (MOU) under which Tehran and Muscat would jointly control the strait. The proposal designates payments for passing vessels, framed as "fees for services" rather than "tolls."While the Trump administration has called the claims of such an MoU "a complete fabrication," analysts say his threat suggests that an understanding between Iran and Oman is precisely what the US president is trying to avoid."What Washington wants to prevent is the normalisation of Iranian control over Hormuz, dressed in administrative and legal clothing and given Arab cover by a US ally," Muhanad Seloom, non-resident senior fellow at the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, told Al Jazeera.International Reaction and Legal ConcernsCritics called the threat reckless. Raed Jarrar, the advocacy director at the US-based rights group DAWN, likened the US president's comments to those of a "mafia boss.""The UN Charter prohibits the threat of force against any state, and that prohibition binds the United States exactly as it binds everyone else," Jarrar told Al Jazeera. "Threatening to 'blow up' an Arab country because its waters happen to sit along an oil route Washington wants reopened is the same lawless logic that produced this war in February."Samir Puri, a visiting lecturer in war studies at King's College in London, said Trump's threat to Oman was "really surprising" and warned that it would "send shockwaves across the region."Oman's Diplomatic Role in the US-Iran ConflictOman has played a unique role in the region as a mediator between the US and Iran. Omani Foreign Minister Badr Albusaidi was a key mediator in US-Iran nuclear talks before the war on Iran began. Just before the US-Israeli joint attack on Tehran in February, Albusaidi had been meeting US officials, including Vice President JD Vance, to facilitate negotiations about the future of Tehran's nuclear programme.Unlike other US allies in the Gulf, such as Qatar, Bahrain and the UAE, Oman does not host US forces. It was nevertheless dragged into the conflict when Iran launched attacks on US military assets and energy infrastructure across the Gulf region in the early days of the war.Future Outlook for the RegionSeloom, from the Middle East Council on Global Affairs, said Oman is "one Gulf state that is simultaneously a US security partner and Iran's most trusted Arab interlocutor.""In peacetime, that ambiguity is an asset. In wartime, it becomes a liability, which is precisely the inversion now playing out," he told Al Jazeera.The analyst argued that joint Iran-Oman control over Hormuz was "more posture than probability." "Oman's real interest is not co-owning Iran's blockade; it is brokering the strait's reopening," he said.Still, according to Seloom, the prospect of Iran and Oman jointly shaping the future of the Strait of Hormuz alarms the US president for three reasons: "It would turn Iran's grip on the chokepoint into a permanent post-war fact rather than a temporary act of war; it would set a precedent that littoral states can metre and monetise an international waterway, eroding the freedom-of-navigation principle the United States underwrites worldwide; and it would hand Tehran a strategic win that outlasts any ceasefire."

The United Nations' weather agency has warned that the planet is on track to experience its hottest year on record by the end of the decade, with climate risks intensifying across the globe.WMO Forecast Signals 86% Likelihood of New Hottest Year Within Five YearsIn a report released on Thursday, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) stated there is an 86% chance that one of the next five years will surpass 2024 as the warmest year since records began. The agency also highlighted a 75% probability that the five‑year average temperature from 2026 to 2030 will exceed the 1.5 °C increase above pre‑industrial levels.Statistical Outlook: Probabilities, Temperature Gaps, and Regional Shifts86% chance of a new record year within the next five years.75% chance that the 2026‑2030 average exceeds 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) above pre‑industrial levels.Arctic winter temperatures projected to be 2.8 °C (5 °F) above the 1991‑2020 average, more than three‑and‑a‑half times the global rate.Rainfall expected to rise in the Sahel, Northern Europe, Alaska and Siberia, while the Amazon is forecast to become drier.Implications for the Paris Agreement and Global Climate PolicyAlmost 200 countries signed the Paris Agreement in 2016, pledging to limit warming to 1.5 °C. The WMO’s findings suggest the target is becoming increasingly unattainable unless emissions are cut dramatically. Michael Jacobs, professor of political economy at the University of Sheffield, warned that nations must accelerate renewable‑energy deployment and electrification. Simon Stiell, the UN climate chief, called recent European heatwaves a “brutal reminder” of the stakes.Looking Ahead: What 2030 Could Mean for Extreme Weather and Mitigation EffortsIf the projected trends materialise, the world can expect more frequent and intense heatwaves, stronger storms, and heightened stress on water resources. Policymakers will face pressure to tighten emissions‑reduction commitments, expand climate‑resilient infrastructure, and secure financing for adaptation in vulnerable regions. The next five years will be a decisive window for translating climate pledges into concrete action before the 2030 temperature threshold is crossed.

The Proposed Suspension of Carbon Tax Ministers are in discussions about suspending a carbon tax on fertilisers, due to come into effect early next year, in an effort to curb food inflation. The move would be part of a package of measures, including the suspension of import tariffs on a range of foods including bread, biscuits and bananas. Impact on Farmers and Food Inflation Government sources said they were looking at suspending tariffs on a range of fertilisers in order to discourage farmers from leaving fields fallow. Farmers have been considering leaving their fields fallow because rising costs mean they risk selling their 2027 crop at a loss. This would increase food inflation, which is already expected to rise sharply as the conflict in Iran raises fuel and fertiliser prices. Fertiliser Costs and Global Supply Chain Fertiliser costs have soared since the beginning of the Iran conflict, during which the strait of Hormuz has been closed. About 35% of the world’s fertiliser passes through the waterway and, since the conflict broke out in late January, about 1m tonnes of fertiliser have been stranded in the Gulf. Fertiliser producers said they expected the new tariffs, which were being put in place to match an existing EU scheme, could add £100 per tonne to costs. The Future Outlook Ministers are also cutting fuel taxes for farmers. The rate for red diesel and rebated biodiesel has been cut by more than a third, which the Treasury said made it the lowest in more than two decades. According to analysis from the Central Association for Agricultural Valuers, a 500-acre wheat farm could make a loss of £70,000 in 2027 because of higher costs caused by the Iran war. With farmers making decisions about 2027 cropping now, the economic outlook means they could be making difficult decisions such as leaving fields fallow.

BP’s boardroom conflict intensified on Thursday when ousted chair Albert Manifold issued a lengthy statement denying allegations of aggressive behaviour and asserting that no concerns were raised about his conduct during his brief tenure.The Boardroom Standoff: Manifold’s Public RebuttalManifold challenged multiple media reports that described his interactions with colleagues as aggressive. He emphasized that “at no point in my tenure as chairman of BP has anyone raised with me any issue about my conduct or my relationship with my colleagues”. He also dismissed claims that he sought to act as an “executive chair”, labeling them “nonsense”.Numbers Behind the Conflict: Tenure Length and Office PresenceTenure: Appointed in October 2025 and departed less than eight months later (May 2026).Office days: Spent only 13 days in BP’s London office during the current year.Career span: Over 40 years in senior roles, including a decade as CEO of Irish building‑materials group CRH.Strategic Implications for BP’s Governance and Cost‑Cutting DriveThe board’s decision to remove Manifold cited “serious concerns” about governance standards, oversight and conduct. BP reaffirmed its commitment to the cost‑reduction programme launched earlier, which includes job cuts and tighter expense controls. Interim chair Ian Tyler (former Balfour Beatty CEO) will oversee the transition while CEO Meg O’Neill, hired in December, continues to steer the strategy.What Lies Ahead for BP’s Leadership and Shareholder ConfidenceBP’s statement underscored a “duty of care” to employees and signalled that the board stands by its earlier remarks. The episode raises questions about the company’s ability to manage board dynamics while pursuing aggressive cost‑cutting and performance targets. Analysts are likely to watch the interim chair’s handling of the fallout and the timeline for appointing a permanent chair, as shareholder confidence hinges on perceived governance stability.

A Surrealist Masterpiece Emerges from the Depths of Psychiatric ConfinementA recently discovered painting by the surrealist artist Leonora Carrington, made during her confinement in a Spanish psychiatric hospital during the second world war, will go on public display for the first time in London this summer. Known as Villa Pilar, the work was painted in 1940 while Carrington was a patient at sanatorium Morales in Santander, after fleeing Nazi-occupied France following the arrest of her partner, the German artist Max Ernst.The Unveiling of a Hidden Masterpiece from a Turbulent PeriodCarrington suffered a psychological breakdown in Madrid and was admitted to the institution, where she underwent traumatic psychiatric treatments that she later described in her memoir Down Below. But encouraged by her psychiatrist, Dr Luis Morales, Carrington sketched each day, and created two paintings, Down Below and Villa Pilar, which depict the psychiatric hospital as a symbolic underworld. Carrington described her "down below" period as an experience akin to "being dead."A Life Marked by Rebellion and Artistic InnovationBorn into a wealthy Lancashire family in 1917, Carrington rebelled early against the expectations placed on upper-class women. She studied at the Chelsea School of Art before meeting Ernst at a dinner party in London in 1937, when she was 20 and he was 46. The two began a relationship that scandalised their respective social circles and moved together to Saint-Martin-d'Ardèche in the south of France, where they lived and worked until the German invasion.She found kindred artistic spirits in renowned surrealists like André Breton, Salvador Dalí, and Man Ray, who, like her, were fascinated by dreams, the subconscious and the occult. When she eventually settled in Mexico in the 1940s, she became one of the country's most celebrated artists and part of an influential community of women creatives working outside the male-dominated European surrealist movement – alongside figures including the Spanish painter Remedios Varo and the photographer Kati Horna.Carrington was later embraced as a feminist icon, and she always resisted attempts to reduce her to her gender, once remarking: "I didn't have time to be anyone's muse ... I was too busy rebelling against my family and learning to be an artist." She died in Mexico City in 2011, aged 94.The Rediscovery and Symbolic Meaning of Villa PilarCarrington gave Villa Pilar to Dr Morales when she left the sanatorium, and it remained in his family for decades. It was only rediscovered during research for the exhibition by the Faro Santander team, who persuaded the Morales family to loan it publicly for the first time.Vanessa Boni, curator of the exhibition, said Carrington created the work as "a parting gift" to thank Morales for helping her recovery, despite the "brutal" treatments she endured, including cardiazol injections. "As we know from her memoir, it was really traumatic," she said. "Dr Morales kept the painting his entire life, and when he passed away, it was handed down to his daughter."The work depicts the hospital as being populated by hybrid human-animal figures moving through vivid green gardens – imagery that would become central to Carrington's later practice. "It speaks to ideas of inner transformation, metamorphosis and otherness," Boni said. "Both paintings are set in a verdant green landscape, including a green sky, which was a symbolic colour for her."A Transatlantic Exhibition JourneyVilla Pilar will join the exhibition Leonora Carrington – the Symptomatic Surreal at the Freud museum, where Sigmund Freud spent the final year of his life after escaping Nazi-occupied Vienna. To mark the unveiling, the exhibition has been extended until 10 August before travelling to Faro Santander, a new arts centre in the northern Spanish city, in September.Daniel Vega Pérez de Arlucea, director of Faro Santander, said: "This is not simply a matter of showcasing the work of one of the most important surrealist artists, but of recognising and revisiting a chapter of her life deeply rooted in this city."After leaving Santander, Carrington travelled through Lisbon and New York before settling in Mexico, where she became one of the leading figures of surrealism. In 2024, one of her paintings was auctioned for £22.5m, a record for a UK-born female artist.While in New York, Carrington gave her Santander sketchbooks to the surrealist collector Julien Levy, whose collection was sold at auction and dispersed into private collections in 2004. This exhibition marks the first attempts since then to bring the contents together for a major public display.

The UK's Dual Economic Crisis: A Lost Generation and Housing FreezeThe UK economy is currently navigating a precarious convergence of two distinct but equally damaging trends: a looming youth unemployment crisis and a housing market that has become virtually inaccessible to first-time buyers. These issues threaten to create a 'lost generation' of young people, trapping them between economic inactivity and the inability to build the financial foundations necessary for adulthood.The Milburn Review: Systemic Failure vs. Youth InactivityFormer Health Secretary Alan Milburn has released a scathing review of the UK's labour market, pinning the blame for rising youth unemployment squarely on systemic failures rather than individual shortcomings. His analysis warns that unless urgent intervention occurs, one in six young people (1.25 million) could be classified as NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) within five years.Milburn's Argument: He asserts that the current system is 'stuck in the past' and fails to enable youth participation in the labour market, often pushing young people onto benefits instead of jobs.The Decline of Entry-Level Roles: The review highlights the collapse of the 'Saturday job' culture and a significant drop in apprenticeship starts over the last decade.The 'Catch-22' Barrier: Milburn calls for employer incentives to break the cycle where employers demand work experience before offering employment.Housing Affordability: A Crisis Comparable to 2008Simultaneously, the housing market presents a formidable barrier to entry for young adults. David Thomas, the outgoing CEO of Barratt Redrow, has warned that first-time buyers are facing their toughest challenge since the 2008 financial crisis. Thomas attributes this to a 'perfect storm' of rising interest rates, student loan deductions, and stagnant real wages.'Certainly it’s going to be close to where we were [after] the great financial crisis... We’re now facing challenges around affordability with no government support scheme in place.'The Future Outlook: A Risk of Permanent ScarcityIf these trends continue unchecked, the UK risks entrenching a permanent underclass of economically inactive youth. The combination of a welfare state that may be exacerbating inactivity and a housing market devoid of government support schemes suggests a bleak trajectory for the next generation's economic mobility.