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The Evolution of the Office LunchIt's 12.30pm as I write this. My mind is preoccupied with moving my fingers from key to key on my ageing laptop, a task I paused briefly to remove a hair from the screen. Then, I scratched my leg again, which kicked up another hair. I should get back to work, but I can't concentrate. Why? Because I'm incredibly hungry. It is, after all, lunchtime – the most worthless part of any work day.It is not that there's shame in lunch. It's just that we're not programmed to eat at a certain time. We're all different and the whole concept of the office lunch is obsolete nonsense in 2026. Let it go.The Industrial Roots of the Midday MealBig Lunch (or alternatively, the Lunch Industrial Complex) will tell you otherwise. Lunch is considered a fundamental element of the work day. It is legally mandated here in California, after all. But it is also something people who work in offices look forward to. It's a moment to step away from the invisible chains that attach us to our computers for an hour or so of normal human behavior. Back when I worked in an office, I would look at my phone and think, if I can just make it to noon, I'll be OK. Lunch was like a little treat to break up the monotony of corporate life. In some jobs, there was even a free lunch to make the whole thing even more appealing. You can't leave the office. You don't even have to leave the office!I wasn't around for most of the 20th century, but according to TV shows like Mad Men, the old days of lunch meant meandering to a classy steakhouse and getting drunk off martinis, then plopping on to a chaise longue until the buzz wore off. I would happily endorse that version of lunch, but that's not what we are being presented with today. The modern office lunch is about convenience and expediency. It's being hustled through a Sweetgreen to collect your biodegradable bucket of vegetables so you can get back to your desk before your next meeting.The Economic Impact of Changing Lunch HabitsThe work day lunch is merely a distraction from your unenviable reality, offering the illusion of choice while reinforcing the plain and simple fact of your need to earn a living performing a series of tasks you hate. Shall I have pizza or Mexican food? No, I mustn't. I shall have a salad, lest I become a walking man-beast made primarily of partially digested carbohydrates.Lunch, as a concept, evolved from light refreshments as a leisure activity to a meal equal to the other two, thanks to the rapid rise of industrialization in the 19th century. Lunch became a crucial break from mining coal or assembling car parts. I don't need nearly as much of a break from designing PowerPoint slides or responding to an email that's "just following up on my previous request". Patience, yes. But that's a different story.So, we have rendered this middle child of a meal (not as nourishing as breakfast and not as fun as dinner) a culinary pariah tied directly into emotional desire. Lunch is the vestigial tail of the Industrial Revolution. I no longer look forward to noon like an over-caffeinated child anticipating Christmas morning. Maybe I'll have a small snack – nuts, a protein bar, crudites. I might even read or go for a walk. I recognize my privilege here, that I'm not mandated to be anywhere or do anything I don't want to do. I can occupy myself with other pursuits that are more nourishing than a buffalo chicken wrap. But the fact remains that my job is still as active as any office worker's. As in, not at all. I prefer a big, nutritious breakfast or a nice, early dinner.The Changing Landscape of Office DiningIf I have to meet someone socially or professionally during the day, or if my stomach is screaming at me, I'll eat. (In my fantasies, my stomach sounds exactly like my mother, a topic to unpack another time.) But without the peer pressure of needing to make use of my hour of mandated leisure time by filling my mouth with overpriced junk (or gossiping with co-workers), I can truly be free. The office lunch is a scam perpetrated by venture capitalists with big dreams of franchising their various "elevated" takeout dining experiences. But automation, economic malaise and the collapse of the urban business district are going to make these places even more useless. Sweetgreen's business is cratering for these very reasons. As the economy suffers, fast food is growing in popularity again, but fast food is not the answer.Places like Sweetgreen, Pret a Manger or Cava sustain themselves on the concept of lunch being connected to leisure: with your hour of free time, you should have a meal, even if it's food you don't even particularly enjoy consuming. I'm not saying don't eat lunch; rather that the break you receive from the drudgery of employment should be spent on pleasurable activities. If that means eating, great. But don't do it just because you think you have to. I say we should normalize taking a nap in the afternoon. Not a Mad Men-style snooze caused by excessive alcohol consumption, but a rest from the all-consuming stimulus of modern life. Get rid of the cubicles and unused couches in the various open-plan tech spaces and put in beds. Give me a teddy bear and one of those caps cartoon characters wore at night.The Future of Workplace DiningAnd now … I'm done typing. I can go eat something. Why am I eating in the afternoon? Am I some kind of hypocrite?No.It's because I didn't eat breakfast.

Raducanu's Comeback Journey Begins at Roland GarrosEmma Raducanu is hopeful her health issues are behind her as she prepares for her opening match at the French Open. The British No 1 takes on Argentina's Solana Sierra in the first round on Sunday in what will be just her second match since March following two-and-a-half months out with a post-viral illness.She lost a close contest with Diane Parry in her opening match in Strasbourg this week but feeling healthy again is the most important thing for the 23-year-old. "I feel a lot better," she said."I thought I'd completely flipped it. I think there's just been a little bit of a lingering cough recently. But I feel, health-wise, really good. I played a really positive match last week in Strasbourg in the sense it was over two hours, and I think physically I pulled up really well from it. So I'm happy to take that and build from it."Challenges of an Unseeded ReturnRaducanu's absence meant she dropped out of the top 32 and is therefore unseeded in Paris. She avoided the big names but the 21-year-old Sierra, who is ranked 64th, is very at home on clay, while she made a surprise run to the fourth round of Wimbledon last year.Raducanu said: "She's a great player. It's going to be a really tricky first round, especially coming in light on matches, but I'm just proud of how I'm approaching every day, proud of the work I'm putting in."I know I'm going to have to play really good tennis and be aggressive. I feel like the conditions are pretty lively so far in the practice days, as the weather is hot, but I think that could be a good thing. I just want to go out there and try and play on my terms as much as I can."British Contenders Face Physical HurdlesWith Jack Draper sidelined through injury, Cameron Norrie appeared to be the best hope of a deep British run but the 20th seed revealed he is struggling with a rib injury."I haven't been able to hit yet since I've arrived here, so just been enjoying Paris and resting," he said. "But I think I needed the rest, so maybe it's a good thing. I really know that I'm feeling the ball well. Luckily I'm scheduled on Tuesday, so I have some time to recover. Hopefully I can be good to play."Norrie, who takes on Paraguay's Adolfo Daniel Vallejo first up, admitted he may have over-trained, including playing a five-set training match against American Ben Shelton lasting nearly five hours.Other British Players Face Tough TestsThere are six British players in the main draws, with Norrie joined in the men's singles by Jacob Fearnley and qualifier Toby Samuel. Fearnley has also been battling a rib problem this season and has struggled to back up his stellar first season on tour, winning just seven matches all year. He has the carrot of a second-round clash with world No 1 Jannik Sinner if he can see off Juan Manuel Cerundolo.The 24-year-old, who has started working with Andy Murray's former fitness trainer Matt Little, said: "I did go up the rankings pretty fast and maybe just didn't have the time to really reflect on it and appreciate it for what it was. And maybe got too far ahead of myself. Life in general, there's ups and downs, and just on a little bit of a down right now, but no reason why I can't get back up."Samuel faces the eighth seed, Australia's Alex De Minaur, in his first grand slam appearance while, in the women's draw, Katie Boulter plays wild card Akasha Urhobo and Fran Jones meets former semi-finalist Beatriz Haddad Maia.

The Shift in Elon Musk's Energy Strategy Has Elon Musk given up on Tesla’s Master Plans, on the electrified economy, on solar power as we know it? From the SpaceX IPO filing released this week, it sure seems like it. Musk's Changing Approach to Renewable Energy Tesla has released four Master Plans over the years, and while details have varied, the through line has been electrification of the economy. Musk put it best in his first edition: “the overarching purpose of Tesla motors…is to help expedite the move from a mine-and-burn hydrocarbon economy towards a solar electric economy.” The Rise of Fossil Fuels in xAI's Data Centers But recently, one of Musk’s companies, xAI, has embraced the mine-and-burn hydrocarbon economy, using dozens of unregulated natural gas turbines to power its data centers with plans to buy $2.8 billion more, effectively cementing the fossil fuel’s role in the company’s AI operations. Space-Based Solar Power: The Future or a Distraction? Solar power isn’t missing in the SpaceX filing, it’s just all concentrated on space, which the company touts as the future of data center power. Terrestrial solar garners a few mentions — not as a power source for xAI data centers but instead to show how much better SpaceX thinks space-based solar will be. The Challenges of Space-Based Data Centers Even if SpaceX is able to bring down the cost of boosting a data center into orbit, the economics are challenging at best. Power prices for Starlink satellites are multiples higher than what a terrestrial data center typically spends, and protecting chips from the rigors of space won’t be easy or cheap. The Future of AI Compute and Energy Demand It’s likely that Musk considers xAI’s current data centers as stopgaps, that once SpaceX is able to loft gigawatts worth of servers into orbit — probably just a few years away, in his mind — he’ll scrap what’s here on the ground, natural gas turbines included and not have to think about NIMBYs anymore.

Executive Summary: Miliband’s Call for a Broad‑Based EU DebateOn BBC Radio 4’s Today programme, David Miliband – former foreign secretary and president of the International Rescue Committee – argued that the United Kingdom must achieve a “national consensus” before pursuing any formal re‑entry into the European Union.Milestone Remarks on the Government’s Single‑Market PitchMiliband responded to recent revelations that the UK government has been pitching a single market for goods with the EU as part of a broader trade‑reintegration strategy. He described the current “reset” as insufficient, calling for a “much higher dosage” of engagement.Financial Snapshot: £9bn Reset vs. £3tn Economy£9bn – projected value of the government’s trade‑reset by 2040.£3tn – approximate size of the UK economy.Gap highlighted: the reset represents only about 0.3% of GDP, underscoring Miliband’s criticism of its scale.Strategic Implications for Britain and EuropeThe former minister stressed that security and prosperity hinge on an “institutionalised, deep and strong relationship” with Europe. He noted that the EU’s focus is shifting toward Ukraine’s potential membership, which could reshape the bloc’s dynamics and affect any future UK accession talks.He also warned that the pre‑2016 UK‑EU deal is no longer attainable, implying that any new agreement would need to reflect contemporary geopolitical realities.Looking Ahead: Pathways to Consensus and Possible Policy ShiftsMiliband suggested that the UK must engage in a nationwide debate on wealth creation, generational investment, and the role of government. He hinted that a shift in public opinion could eventually pressure policymakers to negotiate a more ambitious EU relationship, though no specific timeline was offered.

The Rise of a New Spanish Tennis StarSpain is at it again. Just when tennis enthusiasts thought the Spanish dominance in men's tennis might be waning after Rafael Nadal's retirement, a new sensation has emerged. Rafael Jodar, the 19-year-old from Madrid, has completed a meteoric rise from being ranked around No. 700 in the world to becoming a seeded player at the French Open in just over a year. This unprecedented ascent has thrust him into the grand slam-winning conversation, adding to Spain's embarrassment of riches in men's tennis.The Jodar Phenomenon: From College Courts to Grand Slam ContenderJodar's journey is remarkable. A year ago, he was completing his freshman year at the University of Virginia, ranked outside the top 700. After winning several ATP Challenger titles, he decided to turn pro and forgo his final three years of college eligibility. He won his first main-level ATP match at this year's Australian Open, and now, after an almost unprecedented rise up the rankings, the 19-year-old will be among the 32 seeds when the French Open commences.Ironically, Jodar has stolen the mantle of the "next future champion" hype away from Brazilian João Fonseca, also 19, who was committed to play college tennis at Virginia with Jodar but instead decided to turn pro. One can only wonder if that college team, had it materialized, would have been among the best ever.Spain's Tennis Dynasty: Three Decades of DominanceTo have yet another player thrust into the grand slam-winning conversation adds to the utter embarrassment of riches Spain has enjoyed for more than three decades. Starting with Sergi Bruguera's back-to-back French Open titles in 1993 and 1994, Spanish men have enjoyed a nearly uninterrupted run of dominance with six different players winning grand slams.Consider this timeline of Spanish tennis excellence:1993-1994: Sergi Bruguera wins back-to-back French Open titles1998-2003: Carlos Moya wins French Open (1998) and reaches multiple other finals2003-2014: Rafael Nadal wins 14 French Open titles and 22 major championships overall2022-Present: Carlos Alcaraz wins 7 major titles, including his first at the 2022 US Open2026: Rafael Jodar becomes the latest Spanish player to be seeded at a grand slamThe only Open-era analog that comes to mind is Sweden's moment in the sport in the 1970s and 80s, with Björn Borg, Mats Wilander, and Stefan Edberg dominating men's tennis.The Spanish Method: Beyond Clay Court SpecialistsWith his ferocious hitting and aggressive posture constructing points, Jodar continues to put a nail in the coffin of the notion that Spanish players are primarily clay-court specialists. Nadal was unfairly burdened with the "he's great but only on clay" label very early, but his Wimbledon triumph in 2008 proved he could play on all surfaces. Alcaraz burst onto the scene as a fully formed all-court player, and now Jodar appears to be following in their footsteps.So how did Spain become such a powerhouse in the men's game? Many trace the origin story back to the early 1970s. The country's dictator Francisco Franco, inspired by Manolo Santana, the first Spaniard to win a grand slam, ordered the construction of thousands of red clay courts throughout Spain, literally building the infrastructure that laid the groundwork for what was to come.The Six Tenets of Spanish Tennis ExcellenceThough it took a generation, the coaching techniques and training regimens put in place 50 years ago in Spain have now become standard practice for players from around the world. The two coaches who were most instrumental in developing the Spanish brand of men's tennis in the 1980s and early 1990s were Pato Alvarez (now deceased), and Lluis Bruguera (the father of the aforementioned Sergi), who is in his 80s and still coaching.Both based in Barcelona, they developed a style of coaching that Chris Lewit, author of the book "The Secrets of Spanish Tennis," narrowed down to six tenets:Movement, footwork and balanceRacket speed and weapon buildingConsistencyDefensePhysical conditioningThe importance of sufferingThe Philosophy of Suffering: The Spanish Mental EdgeIt is this act of suffering, of fighting through and retaining a positive mental outlook in the midst of the mini-crises that exist in every match, that is the most significant throughline among all the recent Spanish champions. Nadal famously said that "you have to learn how to live with these kind of moments, and also to enjoy this suffering". Alcaraz echoed that with his view that "you have to find the joy in suffering".While Nadal was coached at home in Mallorca with his Uncle Toni and Alcaraz in an academy setting under his former coach Juan Carlos Ferrero, the hallmarks of Spanish tennis seamlessly moved from one generation to the next. This focus on the "suffering" and on the point construction has allowed the transition away from the clay-only successes of Bruguera to the all-court prowess that Alcaraz and now Jodar possess.It is this generational hand-off of not just the physical attributes and strategies necessary for triumph but the mental fortitude that is apparent with Jodar. Speaking of Nadal, Jodar said, "He was, I think, the best mentality wise. He never gave up in a match. He stayed there for every moment that the match was bringing him and tried to play his best tennis with the things he was doing throughout those days. I think watching him inspired me when I was younger."Global Influence and the Changing Nature of TennisIf the Spanish method has been such an incredible success then why haven't more countries followed their lead? Many countries and players already have tried. A teenaged Andy Murray became so inspired by the Spanish style that he spent significant time training in Barcelona under the tutelage of Alvarez, and he has spoken of how huge an impact those years in Spain had on his development into a three-time grand slam champion.Jose Higueras, a former Spanish pro who was one of the first players to emerge under the new Spanish system in the 1970s, imported much of the program to the United States when he started working with US pros in the 1990s. He wanted to bring that clay-court attitude to the American style of play, which was usually focused on a big serve and forehand. And it yielded immediate results. Higueras coached Michael Chang to his sole grand slam title at the 1989 French Open and then worked with Jim Courier as the coach played a pivotal role in the last golden era of American tennis.One can implement all the correct protocols and latest methods, but it's all for naught if the attitude and, more importantly, talent isn't there. Some is ingrained; some is just luck. Spain has been blessed with Nadal and Alcaraz, two extraordinary athletic specimens with an unusual combination of strength and reflexes. And in addition to Jodar, 20-year-old Martin Landaluce is another Spaniard on the rise making significant noise.The sport – much to the chagrin of the old-school traditionalists who prefer a serve-and-volley style – has also changed over the last few decades into a slower game with the more homogenous court speeds. Gone are the fast grass courts of years past. Most hard courts have been slowed down, creating the perfect conditions for the Spanish style to thrive.The Future of Spanish Tennis: A Conveyor Belt of ChampionsWhatever the reasons for their dominance, the Spanish conveyor belt of champions shows no sign of slowing down. With Jodar joining the ranks of Nadal and Alcaraz, and with Landaluce also making noise, Spain's tennis dynasty appears set to continue. The Spanish method – emphasizing movement, consistency, defense, physical conditioning, and most importantly, finding joy in suffering – has proven to be a winning formula that has produced multiple generations of champions.As Jodar prepares for his French Open debut as a seeded player, tennis fans around the world will be watching to see if he can continue the Spanish tradition of excellence. One thing is certain: Spain's school of suffering has forged yet another star, and the tennis world will be better for it.

The Brilliance of 'Two Weeks in August' Hell is other people, but a fortnight's summer holiday in a Greek island villa with three pals you have known since university, the young second wife of one of them, your depressive husband and the mulish French nanny the second wife has hired to look after her foul child, is surely the innermost circle of it. The Flawless Performance of Jessica Raine Zoe, played by Jessica Raine, is a comprehensive school teacher managing life with more grace under pressure than most of us do. A natural carer and conciliator, she signed her family up for the trip partly because of friends' expectations, but also because a fortnight away in the sun sounded like a pleasure. The Intricate Web of Relationships Making up the rest of the island gang are glamorous Nat (Leila Farzad) whose nose is put out of joint when the casual boyfriend of her gay best friend, Jacob (Hugh Skinner) turns up at the villa, not-quite-at-the-moment-working actor Solomon (Nicholas Pinnock) and the younger wife, Jess (Antonia Thomas) – she has bagged the best bedroom and avoids as much outlay of money or effort as she can, usually by exploiting Zoe. A Standout Performance The show delivers a touch of wry social commentary (in Jacob and his gen Z boyfriend's differing reactions to the infidelity, in the HR complaint raised against Nat at work) without breaking the mood. It even manages to fold in a mythological element that does exactly what it should – makes the story feel only more authentic, eternal, universal – instead of seeming like a jarring supernatural bolt-on. A Holiday from Mediocre Dramas Two Weeks in August is in itself like a holiday – a holiday from dramas made up of meretricious moments and unearned payoffs, or which let the beautiful scenery instead of beautifully written scenes do the work. I feel restored after eight hours basking in its brilliance.

The LeadGame of Thrones actress Hannah Murray shares her experience of being sectioned in a psychiatric hospital in her new memoir "The Make-Believe: A Memoir of Magic and Madness." The actress describes her mental health journey and the experience of being involuntarily admitted under the Mental Health Act.The Hospital ExperienceThe door to the room opens. A man enters the room. He is a Black man, bald and overweight. He is dressed in uniform. Blue uniform, a blue lanyard that reads "NHS". But I know Steve, the leader of the organisation that introduced me to magic, is a magician. I know he can appear in disguise.I approach the man and try to kiss him.He does not let me kiss him. Then no. It is not Steve.The man has brought me a plate of toast. He has brought me a cup of tea. I add sugar to the tea, which I would never have done in my former life, but a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down!I am a Ritual Master. And this, drinking my own urine, is a powerful ritual. This is all I need now to survive … I will never need to eat again. I survive on liquids and air and lightI do not eat the toast. I drink the tea. I am alone in the room again and I urinate into the cup and drink that too.I am a Ritual Master. And this, drinking my own urine, is a powerful ritual. This is all I need now to survive. It is the most potent of potions I can drink. I am a self-contained, utterly self-sufficient being. I will never need to eat again. I survive on liquids and air and light.I decide to explore outside the room. Outside my sanctuary. He has not come. So maybe I need to go searching for him …The Phone CallTime jumps. I am in a corridor lit by overhead strip lights. The electric light is pale yellow in tone. I am sat on one of three chairs in a row against the wall. The chairs are purple, curved plastic. I am still waiting for him to appear.There are two doors in front of me. One is the door to the blue room with the blue sofa and chair. Behind the other door is an office of some kind, and there is a woman in there, shuffling papers and talking on the phone.The woman comes out of the office. She is holding out my phone. My only possession now – the one artefact from my previous life. There is someone she wants me to speak to.Him.When I hold the phone to my ear, I hear a voice I recognise.But the voice belongs to my mother."Hannah?" she says. "Where are you? What's going on?"There is distress in her voice. Her voice is trembling with pain and anxiety.I do not want to hear it.This is a test. A horrible test, certainly, but one that I can pass. They are trying to tempt me back into the human. They are trying to lure me back into the past.I hang up the phone.But, after a moment, it starts to ring. The word Mum lights up the screen."Talk to her," says the woman.I answer the call.My mother sounds different now. Calmer. She asks again what's going on but gently, even cheerfully. I tell her everything's OK. That I'm fine. I tell her not to worry. I'm in a good place.This is the last time I will ever hear her voice, I think. This is the way I say goodbye.The DiagnosisThey tell me I am being sectioned.The words jar with my beliefs."Section 2 … the Mental Health Act … 28 days … right to appeal … "I cock my head.This does not fit at all. It does not fit in the world of Steve, of Ritual Master, of Shambhala and the invention of magic.I am not concerned. I am concerned only with the energy I can feel spiralling up through my body and the voices I can hear in my head.I pace the hospital corridors, delivering a tearful monologue, delivering the greatest performance of my life. A phrase comes to me. The Girl With All the Gifts. The title of a post-apocalyptic horror film released in 2016, starring Gemma Arterton.I am a magician. I am an actress. I am a writer. I have superhuman strength. I can fly. Anything that can be imagined, I can perform it. Every skill and every ability is mine.The film came out as a warning, and a prophecy.And because of me, the apocalypse has been averted.I am the saviour of the planet. I am the girl with all the gifts.The Journey to RecoveryIt was very hard, the journey to get here. It took 27 years. The path was twisting and full of setbacks, there were challenges and so much pain. There were times I wanted to give up. It was very hard. Everyone will have to make their own journey, and their journeys will be their own, unique as snowflakes or fingerprints. That is the beauty of it, the joy of it. Everyone has to figure it out for themselves.But I have laid the groundwork. I have walked the path. It starts with the energy healing, and it goes on and on through the seven dimensions, through increasingly magical planes. It goes on and on until you meet your soulmate, like I met mine.I was in a TV show called Game of Thrones, hidden in plain sight in the midst of a cultural phenomenon. I, the key to the world's salvation, wore the face of a character called Gilly, but really I played every role. Then I worked on a film called Detroit in Boston. David Benioff and Dan Weiss and Kathryn Bigelow were the four horsemen of the apocalypse. Numbers are irrelevant. Three counts as four. David and Dan and Kathryn cast me in the roles that brought about my destiny. The end and beginning of the world.I am the Ur-actress. I am every actress. Every performance ever given has been animated by my energy, my talent, by the gestures and facial expressions I am performing here and now.The Memoir and BeyondThis is an edited extract from The Make-Believe: A Memoir of Magic and Madness by Hannah Murray, published by Cornerstone (£18.99). To support the Guardian, order your copy at guardianbookshop.com. Delivery charges may apply.Hannah Murray will be in conversation with Jessie Cave at Kings Place in London on 5 June.

The Devastating Impact of Coastal Erosion The remains of the road linking two towns in south Devon lie crumbled on the foreshore in a mess of tarmac, steel, and concrete. The dramatic coastal road, known as the Slapton Line, has an environmentally protected freshwater lake on one side and the sea on the other, and links the towns of Kingsbridge and Dartmouth. The Event Details Winter storms demolished a section of the A road between Torcross and Slapton, which is at the frontline of rising sea levels and coastal erosion, fulfilling a destiny that was predicted more than 30 years ago, but that has not been prepared for. The Data Analysis Over 10,000 properties are at risk from coastal erosion in the next 80 years. Up to 20,000 properties are at risk according to some calculations. At least 3.7 miles (6km) of railways and 114 miles of roads are at risk. The East Riding of Yorkshire is experiencing some of the highest rates of coastal erosion in Europe, with soft cliffs of boulder clay at Holderness retreating at rates of up to 4.5 metres per year. The Impact Analysis Communities across the UK are at the forefront of an eroding coastline, with the retreat accelerated by the climate crisis. The government is running a £36m series of pilot projects that have been extended this year with another £18m, where attempts are being made to help communities come to terms with the reality of their future, adapt, and leverage enhanced financial support. The Prediction In Norfolk, the impact of the climate emergency and sea level rise on the 21 miles of soft cliffs is likely to cause the loss of up to 1,600 homes in 80 years. In Yorkshire, 30 miles of the East Riding coast are designated as “no active intervention”, with almost 5,000 homes (one third of all homes), 1,550 non-residential properties, and much of the coastal road network projected to be lost in 80 years.

The Human Side of a Scientific Titan Stephen Hawking is celebrated as a pioneer of black hole theory and the author of the best-selling A Brief History of Time, which has sold more than 13m copies. However, a new authorized biography reveals that his father, Frank Hawking, harbored significant doubts about his son's potential during his formative years. The Father’s Secret Code and Hidden Doubts Previously unknown diaries, kept by Frank Hawking for over 60 years, offer a raw and honest insight into the family's struggles. Frank wrote many entries in a secret code to ensure privacy, but the content reveals his deep anxiety about Stephen's future. In 1961, Frank lamented that his son "hangs round the house with little initiative and does not study much." Source Material: Access granted to biographer Graham Farmelo. Content: Over 200,000 words translated from the diaries. Key Insight: Frank worried Stephen had an inferiority complex regarding his father's career. The Contrast Between Expectation and Reality The diaries also document the harrowing period following Stephen's diagnosis of motor neurone disease at the age of 21 in 1963. Frank struggled to come to terms with the slow, ghastly progression of the illness, writing that he "did not enjoy being with him" due to the difficulty of communication. This stark contrast between the father's initial concerns and Stephen's eventual triumph over medical expectations adds a profound layer to his legacy. The Future of Hawking Scholarship The book, titled Hawking, is set to be published on 24 September 2026 by John Murray. Described as the "definitive portrait of an exceptional life and intellect," this biography promises to reshape the narrative of one of history's greatest minds by grounding his genius in the very human anxieties of his upbringing.