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Breakthrough: Baking Sourdough with 5,000‑Year‑Old YeastScientists have successfully baked a sourdough loaf using yeast strains isolated from the 5,000‑year‑old Alpine mummy known as Ötzi the Iceman. The experiment demonstrates that ancient microorganisms can still perform modern fermentation processes.How the Ancient Yeast Was Extracted and TestedResearchers from Eurac Research's Institute for Mummy Studies carefully sampled the microbial layer on Ötzi’s skin and clothing, then cultured the yeast under cold‑room conditions before introducing it into a standard sourdough starter.Source: Ötzi’s preserved remains, discovered 1991 near the Italy‑Austria border.Age of yeast: ~5,000 years.Lead microbiologist: Mohamed Sarhan.Fermentation time: dough rose in 24 hours, comparable to modern baker’s yeast.Scientific Metrics: Fermentation Times and ViabilityThe ancient yeast produced a normal rise within 24 hours, indicating viable metabolic activity despite millennia of dormancy. No quantitative yield data were released, but the rapid leavening suggests comparable enzymatic efficiency to contemporary strains.Implications for Food Science and ArchaeologyThis result bridges paleomicrobiology and culinary science, offering a tangible link to prehistoric food practices. It also opens avenues for studying ancient microbial genetics, which could reveal lost fermentation traits.Next Steps: Brewing Beer and Expanding Ancient Microbe ResearchThe team plans to collaborate with German brewer Weihenstephan to test the yeast’s suitability for beer production. Further investigations will assess the genetic profile of the strain and explore other potential applications in food and biotechnology.

Clarke's Contract Extension: A Calculated Risk or Strategic Masterstroke? The summit of Scottish football provides a wonderful environment for those who value long-term career stops. Neil Doncaster, chief executive of the Scottish Professional Football League, arrived at the then Scottish Premier League in 2009. Ian Maxwell, bizarrely headhunted from relegation-bound Partick Thistle, has been the Scottish Football Association's chief executive since 2018. Scot Gemmill's tenure as the nation's under-21 manager has lasted a decade despite underwhelming results. Glass half full or half empty; either this is a domain that delivers admirable continuity or one in which no one makes sufficient progress to appeal to those in bigger ponds. The Extension and Its Timing Amidst Controversy Against this backdrop, Steve Clarke's four-year extension as Scotland manager is really no surprise. "It's pretty staggering for anyone to say that giving him a new contract is a gamble," said Maxwell. The Scottish FA's president, Mike Mulraney, delivered standard bluster when assessing the deal. "I don't need other people to vindicate my decision," insisted Mulraney. Maxwell and Mulraney lauded Clarke before Scotland toiled at Euro 2024. All three were nowhere to be seen, with no explanations offered, as a footballing nation recoiled with anger at the manner of the team's tournament exit. The Scottish FA has never given the sense of being anything other than beholden to Clarke, or that it is the manager himself who determines his own future. Despite sentiment to the contrary, affording Clarke fresh terms immediately before the World Cup was a bold – and dangerous – call. It at least leaves the impression that finals performance does not matter when, in this one, it absolutely does. The rush to disregard that obvious fact is curious. If Clarke's qualification record was sufficient to earn him a new contract, it should have been actioned immediately after the extraordinary victory over Denmark that secured a World Cup berth. Instead, the topic disappeared until Clarke made plain before March's friendlies that he was uncomfortable with his contractual position. Scotland's Tournament Record Under Clarke The 62-year-old had earlier seemed content to leave after the World Cup until a change of heart that will, in theory, take his reign to 11 years. Cynics may suggest Clarke and his paymasters deduced it will be far more difficult for Scotland not to qualify for Euro 2028 – for which they are a host nation – than to feature in the event. The manager has doubled his salary by way of bonus each time Scotland exited a qualifying phase. Clarke has been a superb Scotland manager. He has massively enhanced standards and attitudes. Three tournament qualifications in four attempts have arrived in different ways, which point towards a multi-dimensional coach. In the past two years Clarke has been more hands-on than ever on the training ground with players responding exceptionally well. Scotland's World Cup Hopes and Managerial Strategy Scotland's World Cup, their bid to make history, essentially boils down to their opening Group C game. Comprehensive victory against Haiti would almost certainly be enough to seal a knockout berth for the first time. Anything else and the situation will feel immediately grim, with Morocco and Brazil lying in wait. Haiti turned heads with a 4-0 dismissal of New Zealand on Wednesday. Still, they are ranked outside the world's top 80 national teams, with their World Cup absence since 1974 making Scotland's 28-year wait appear brief. There will be no excuse for Scotland, armed with five-star facilities, a small army of staff and a playing contingent for whom this World Cup arrives in a career sweet spot, not seizing this moment. Scotland are a decent team rather than an excellent one and the next step on their World Cup journey comes with Saturday evening's warm-up against Bolivia in New Jersey. That night against Denmark was highly rare in that it dipped into the spectacular. Other sides of the same ilk – Australia, the USA, Denmark and Algeria – have progressed from groups in recent World Cup finals. It is apt for the Tartan Army to celebrate their return to this environment but that should not overshadow a serious competitive goal, to show they have learned from shortcomings in 2021 and 2024. What's Next for Scottish Football Post-World Cup? Clarke shot a glance towards the future by involving Tyler Fletcher in his World Cup squad. The Manchester United midfielder has a far higher ceiling than those he edged out for a seat on the plane. Lennon Miller will feel hard done by but the Udinese midfielder, once lauded in Scotland's top flight, can appear one-paced in elite company. Fletcher is precisely the player Scotland can build a future team around. This was an astute Clarke move. So, too, was penning his latest contract; no wonder Scotland's manager looks in high spirits. Whenever he does leave, the challenge will be to fund a coach who Scotland's squad hold in similar esteem. That successor is not readily identifiable, which gives the Scottish FA a slight pass when it comes to sticking to who they know. The narrow-minded obsession with a Scot in the dugout limits their options. Berti Vogts was a long time ago. It would have been judicious for the Scottish FA to wait and see how the World Cup plays out. The standing of managers is a movable feast, rather that one based on guarantees because of prior achievement. If there is trauma, those Scottish FA officials will be in an invidious position. It leaves the rest wonder why on earth they flirted with such needless risk.

The Rollercoaster of Graham Potter’s Managerial CareerIn a candid interview, the 51‑year‑old English coach admits that “you’ve got to face the bad stuff” after a series of highs and lows that saw him leave Brighton’s stability, endure a seven‑month stint at Chelsea, and later struggle at West Ham before finding a new purpose with the Sweden national team. From Brighton Stability to Chelsea’s Short‑Lived TenurePotter departed the comfort of Brighton in September 2022 to take over at Chelsea. The move lasted only seven months, ending in a mutual parting as the club failed to meet expectations. West Ham Struggles: Six Wins from Twenty‑Five MatchesGames managed: 25Victories: 6Result: Dismissed in September 2025 after a poor start to the seasonThe spell at West Ham was described by Potter as “lost in dysfunction”, with the team unable to translate his ideas into results. Sweden’s World‑Cup Revival Under Potter’s Swedish‑Style EthosAfter his club setbacks, Potter accepted a short‑term role with Sweden in October 2025. The team, previously stuck in a “doldrums” qualifying group, earned a playoff spot via Nations League performance. Key moments included:Viktor Gyökeres’ hat‑trick in the 3‑1 semi‑final win over UkraineGyökeres’ 88th‑minute winner in the 3‑2 playoff final against PolandThese victories secured Sweden’s place at the 2026 World Cup, and Potter’s contract was subsequently extended to 2030. He says he “feels very Swedish” and notes that two of his children were born in Sweden. Looking Ahead: Potter’s Contract to 2030 and Sweden’s Group‑F ChallengeSweden will open the tournament against Tunisia in Monterrey on 14 June 2026, then face Japan, the Netherlands and Tunisia in Group F. Potter highlights the importance of set‑pieces and squad harmony, especially with key players like Alexander Isak and Gyökeres available, while coping with the injury to Dejan Kulusevski.With a contract secured until 2030, Potter’s “Swedish” methodology will be tested on football’s biggest stage, offering a chance to rewrite his managerial narrative after the club disappointments.

The Final PreparationsIran will head off to their World Cup base this weekend with a spring in their step after beating Mali 2-0 in a friendly in Turkiye, even if some uncertainty still clouds their participation in the tournament. The victory comes at a crucial time as the team prepares for their World Cup campaign amidst political and logistical challenges.Match BreakdownGoals from midfielder Saeid Ezatolahi and right back Ramin Rezaeian either side of half-time on Thursday gave Team Melli a record of three wins and a single loss in their four friendlies this year in the Turkish resort city of Antalya. The match served as Iran's final preparation before traveling to Mexico for the tournament.Performance StatisticsThe friendlies are the only competitive football the Iran-based players have contested since the domestic league was suspended in the wake of US and Israel air strikes on the Islamic republic in late February that triggered a regional war. With three wins and one loss in their four pre-tournament matches, Iran has demonstrated solid form despite the unusual circumstances surrounding their preparation.Political ComplicationsThe squad have received visas for Mexico, officials confirmed this week, and will leave Turkiye on Saturday for their tournament base in the border city of Tijuana. Mexico's President Claudia Sheinbaum agreed to host the squad after being told that the US authorities did not want Iran staying in their original base in Arizona throughout the June 11 to July 19 tournament.The squad have not yet received the visas they will need to get into the US to play their group games against New Zealand and Belgium in Los Angeles and Egypt in Seattle, however. Iranian FA (FFIRI) President Mehdi Taj told Iranian media this week that the US visas were the main concern for the federation as Iran's tournament opener against New Zealand on June 15 approaches.Visa ObstaclesUS Secretary of State Marco Rubio said on Tuesday there was "no problem" with the Iran squad entering the country, but Washington would not let officials or staff with ties to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) accompany them. Both the US and Canada, who are cohosting the World Cup with Mexico, classify the IRGC as a "terrorist entity".Taj was refused entry into Canada for the FIFA Congress in late April because of his links to the elite military force, highlighting the ongoing diplomatic tensions that could impact Iran's participation in the tournament.

The Guardian's 2025-26 Premiership Team of the Season The final round of the regular Premiership season is approaching, with playoffs yet to come. The Guardian has unveiled their team of the season for 2025-26, with players required to have appeared in at least nine league fixtures to be eligible for selection. The XV features a mix of established stars and emerging talents, with Northampton Saints particularly well-represented in the lineup. Backline Brilliance: Standout Performers in the Three-Quarters The backline showcases some of the league's most exciting talents. At fullback, George Furbank of Northampton has overcome an injury-disrupted start to re-emerge as a key cog in Saints' slick backline and is positioned to regain the England No. 15 jersey. On the wing, 19-year-old Noah Caluori of Saracens has impressed with his aerial ability, contributing 14 tries in just three games against Sale (twice) and Newcastle, and finishing the season with 18 tries in 12 Premiership matches. Midfield Mastery: Tactical Versatility and Strike Power The midfield features players who have demonstrated both tactical intelligence and finishing ability. Tommy Freeman shifts to outside center to accommodate Caluori on the wing, boasting an impressive 16 tries in 13 league matches. At inside center, Rory narrowly edges out competitors like Len Ikitau and Max Ojomoh with his ability to cut smart angles and inject vital pace at crucial moments. On the left wing, Immanuel Feyi-Waboso's return after injury has highlighted his dangerous ability when given space, with five tries in the opening two rounds and consistent ability to leave defenders behind. Halfback Excellence: Vision and Control The halfback pairing features two players who control the tempo of their respective teams. At fly-half, Billy Searle of Leicester has been a revelation this season, with his confidence and skillset underpinned by a competitive edge that has put him on England's radar. At scrum-half, Ben Spencer of Bath edges out Northampton's Archie McParland with his exceptional kicking out of hand and expert game management, though potentially feeling the effects of a long campaign after 27 matches for club and country. Forward Dominance: Power and Versatility in the Pack The forward pack features players who have consistently delivered throughout the season. At loosehead prop, Nicky Smith of Leicester has started every regular season game, earning him a long-term deal with Sale Sharks. At hooker, Gabriel Oghre of Bristol stands out for his multi-dimensional skills, including a remarkable 45-meter kick to touch from a lineout throw. In the second row, Thomas du Toit of Bath provides the power and stability that has been crucial to Bath's success. At blindside flanker, the stat-topping No. 8 has been instrumental in driving his team forward with consistent performances. Statistical Standouts and Impact Analysis The selection is backed by impressive statistics that highlight the players' contributions. Caluori's 18 tries in 12 games places him at the top of the scoring charts, while Freeman's 16 tries in 13 matches demonstrates his exceptional strike rate. Northampton's dominance is evident with four players selected, reflecting their consistent performances throughout the season. The selection also recognizes the impact of returning from injury, with Feyi-Waboso's comeback proving particularly influential for Exeter's resurgence. Future Implications for England and Club Rugby This team of the season provides insight into potential England selections for upcoming international fixtures. Furbank's return to form strengthens the fullback position, while Searle's emergence at fly-half offers an alternative to established internationals. The selection of young talents like Caluori and Feyi-Waboso suggests a bright future for English rugby, with these players expected to develop further. For clubs, the recognition of players like Smith, who has been consistently selected despite modern rotation trends, highlights the value of reliability and durability in the modern game. Looking Ahead: Playoffs and International Rugby As the playoffs approach, this team of the season provides a benchmark against which performances will be measured. Several selected players will be crucial to their teams' playoff hopes, particularly Spencer for Bath and Hutchinson for Northampton. Looking further ahead, the Six Nations and Rugby World Cup preparations will benefit from the form shown by these players, with England likely to draw heavily from this pool of in-form performers. The balance of experience and youth in this selection suggests England will be competitive on multiple fronts in the coming season.

IFR’s Decision to Decline an Expanded EDI MandateThe Independent Football Regulator (IFR) will not adopt Kick It Out’s proposal to impose mandatory EDI targets and annual demographic reporting on the 116 clubs it oversees. After a second round of consultation, the regulator concluded that such requirements lie outside its statutory remit.Kick It Out’s Request and the Outcome of the IFR ConsultationKick It Out, led by chief executive Samuel Okafor, has long urged the IFR to embed stronger EDI obligations in its licensing framework. The regulator’s latest consultation, which closed last month, considered the proposal but ultimately rejected it, citing its primary role as a financial watchdog.Key Figures and Current EDI Landscape116 clubs in the top five English divisions are subject to IFR licensing.The FA’s voluntary Football Leadership Diversity Code targets 15% BME and 30% women hires, but clubs have consistently missed these goals.The IFR board comprises nine government‑appointed members, none of whom are from a minority ethnic background.Annual workforce data reporting is now mandatory under the FA’s strengthened code, with sanctions for non‑compliance.Implications for Football Governance and Club Diversity EffortsThe decision highlights a tension between financial regulation and social policy in English football. By keeping EDI guidance voluntary, the IFR leaves the onus on the FA and individual clubs to meet diversity targets, potentially slowing progress toward broader representation.Looking Ahead: Possible Paths for EDI Policy in English FootballWhile the IFR plans to publish updated licensing rules next month, stakeholders expect continued pressure from Kick It Out and other advocacy groups. Future developments may include:Enhanced collaboration between the IFR and the FA on best‑practice EDI frameworks.Potential legislative amendments to grant the IFR explicit powers over diversity reporting.Increased public scrutiny of board composition and club hiring practices.How these dynamics evolve will shape whether English football can align its financial stability with the broader societal goal of equality, diversity, and inclusion.

The Encounter with the 'Queen of Trees' I breathe in the bluebells as a blackcap sings. At the crescendo, a flash of yellow breaks up the blue – a brimstone butterfly flies up to my face, then moves back, approaches, then draws back, repeating the fluttered action until I follow. A Moment of Connection in the Forest Together, we weave through fresh-scented firs before my companion flits away and I realise that I have come further into the forest than intended. My feet start to throb and the wind, as the sky grows overcast, brings a chill. I see the leaves of a vaulted canopy stir overhead and feel the softest carpet of fallen catkins underfoot. Although the threat of rain urges me forwards, a tree, an imposing common beech, makes me stay. The Majesty of the Common Beech Looking up through the domed crown, I think of the beech’s moniker as the queen of British trees. The long-living, high‑growing beech can grow over 40 metres tall and – with age, perhaps spanning multiple centuries – provide habitats for deadwood specialists like wood‑boring insects and hole‑nesting birds. This tree’s girth speaks of a long life that I find myself imagining; how many winds have run through the leaves, how many birds have been held in the branches, how many foot‑sore humans have found relief sinking into fallen catkins? A Shared Moment with a Tawny Owlet Thinking myself alone, it takes a confused moment to disentangle my eyes from another’s, to realise that – deep in the tree’s crevice – a tawny owlet is watching me. My eyes take small circuits around the white patches of the bird’s face: first the beak, then over the left eye, the right, then back again. I blink. It blinks. I blink. It blinks. We are reaching some kind of accord. A Peaceful Goodbye I move back a little and wait. Every now and then, its eyes meet mine. It blinks. I blink. It would be easy to fall asleep, as no doubt it was before my approach. But I know that I cannot stay. As I edge away, I mutter thanks to the brimstone for taking me on a different route, for leading me to this sheltering beech and the secrets that it keeps.

The Prevalence of Sexism and Bullying in Sports Women are being shut out of careers in sport by entrenched sexism, discrimination, and workplace bullying, MPs have been told. Female coaches are routinely overlooked, undermined, and denied opportunities despite their qualifications, experts told a parliamentary select committee. The Impact on Female Coaches “These hostile environments are hideous for women trying to build a career in sports. It’s so bad that it’s unfair to put women in those environments,” said Lisa West, head of policy at Women in Sport. The consequences extend far beyond individual careers, experts told the women and equalities committee’s first evidence session of its new inquiry, Beyond Participation: Routes into Sport for Girls and Women. The Data Analysis The committee heard that one in five female coaches reported experiencing harassment or bullying, reflecting deep-rooted biases that continue to shape who is trusted, promoted, and listened to across sport. Despite a growth in women’s sport, women account for only about a quarter of coaching positions in UK Sport-funded programmes, with even fewer in technical leadership roles. The Impact Analysis “A coaching system that sidelines women risks depriving athletes of role models, narrowing the talent pool, and reinforcing the message that, even in a rapidly changing sporting landscape, the most influential positions remain a male preserve,” said Lisa Williams, the head coach of London All Stars women’s basketball team. Highly qualified women are still being passed over in favour of less-experienced men, the panel heard. The Prediction A UK-wide survey by UK Coaching and Women in Sport recently found that harassment, bullying, and discrimination remain key reasons women leave coaching altogether, with many reporting they do not feel safe or supported in male-dominated environments. Experts predict that without change, the number of women in coaching positions will continue to decline, with women aged 18 to 34 being the most affected.

Iraola Takes the Helm at LiverpoolAndoni Iraola has been named the new manager of Liverpool, succeeding Arne Slot after the latter’s departure at the end of the 2025‑26 season. The move signals a decisive shift for a club that struggled with fan‑player relations under Slot and seeks a more dynamic identity.Why Iraola’s Bournemouth Success MattersIraola arrived at Bournemouth with limited resources yet delivered a remarkable sixth‑place finish in the Premier League. His ability to maintain competitiveness after losing key players demonstrates adaptability and tactical acumen, qualities Liverpool hopes will translate to Anfield.17th‑highest wage bill in the league, yet still competitive.Lost a goalkeeper, three regular defenders and a forward in the summer, plus the top scorer in January.Finished 6th despite those setbacks.Financial and Performance Metrics Under IraolaThe Bournemouth side under Iraola showed resilience:Points dropped from winning positions: Only Newcastle United dropped more; Bournemouth lost 2 of 23 leads.Pressing intensity: Highest number of shots after winning the ball back in the final third across the league.Wage efficiency: Operated with a wage bill well below the top‑tier clubs while achieving a top‑six finish.Potential Impact on Liverpool’s Playing Style and Fan BaseIraola’s preferred 4‑2‑3‑1 formation aligns with Liverpool’s recent tactical experiments. His emphasis on progressive, high‑pressing football mirrors the “gegenpressing” ethos that endeared fans to Jürgen Klopp, offering a contrast to the more restrained approach of Slot. Key players such as Florian Wirtz could thrive in the central creative role, while attacking full‑backs may benefit from the freedom seen at Bournemouth.Outlook: What to Expect in the 2026‑27 SeasonWhile Iraola’s temperament appears suited to the pressures of a super‑club, the heightened scrutiny at Anfield will test his adaptability. Early-season results—especially the ability to hold leads—will be critical indicators. If his high‑pressing philosophy takes hold, Liverpool could regain the energetic identity that fans crave, but the lack of top‑flight managerial experience leaves room for uncertainty.