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The Misstated Emissions Developers working for Google have significantly misstated how much carbon two proposed AI datacentres will contribute to the UK’s total emissions in planning documents reviewed by the Guardian. The tech company wants to build two huge datacentres – one 52-hectare (130 acre) project in Thurrock and another at an airfield in North Weald, both in Essex. To do so, developers are required to submit planning documents calculating how much carbon these projects will emit as a proportion of the UK’s total carbon footprint. The Calculation Error In both cases, they appear to have compared one year of the proposed datacentre’s emissions with the UK’s entire five-year carbon budget, understating the significance of their emissions by a factor of five, according to experts at the tech justice nonprofit Foxglove. Google's Thurrock datacentre claimed its emissions would amount to 0.033% of the UK’s budgeted carbon footprint between 2028 and 2032, but it will actually be 0.165% of the total. The North Weald datacentre said it would emit 0.043% of the UK’s total carbon budget from 2033 to 2037, but it will actually emit 0.215% of the total. The Impact Analysis These apparent misstatements are another example of a pile-up of faulty calculations surrounding AI development and its environmental footprint in the UK. The three developments will account for more than 1% of the UK’s carbon budget in 2033, equivalent to the emissions of a mid-sized city such as Bristol. The Prediction “Google has serious questions to answer about its dubious datacentre pollution figures,” said Tim Squirrell, the head of strategy for Foxglove. “Unless they can explain themselves, it looks like they are seriously misleading the council and the public over the climate pollution their facility will cause.”

The Government's Energy Calculations ClashThe UK government is facing internal divisions over the energy demands of AI datacentres, with two key departments offering vastly different projections. While the Department of Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) forecasts that AI datacentres will consume 6GW of electricity by 2030, the Department of Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) projects usage of less than a tenth of that amount. This discrepancy raises questions about how the UK can simultaneously pursue its ambition to become an AI superpower while meeting decarbonization targets.Conflicting Projections from Key DepartmentsThe DSIT's "UK compute roadmap," published in 2025, sets out a "bold, long-term plan to transform our national compute ecosystem" by building AI datacentres. The document explicitly states: "We forecast that the UK will need at least 6GW of AI-capable datacentre capacity by 2030." This ambitious plan involves creating multiple AI growth zones across the country, each requiring at least 500MW of electricity.In contrast, DESNZ, which is responsible for the UK's carbon budget and climate targets, has incorporated AI datacentres into broader forecasts for the energy use of Britain's "commercial services" sector. These projections suggest the entire sector's energy use will grow by just 528MW between 2025 and 2030 – equivalent to adding the consumption of 1.7m homes by the end of the decade.The DESNZ has stated it does not hold separate projections for datacentre growth, despite the government's commitment to building significant AI infrastructure.The Scale of the DiscrepancyThe difference between the departments' projections is staggering. DSIT's estimate of 6GW for AI datacentres alone is more than ten times higher than DESNZ's projection for the entire commercial services sector's growth. This means that if DSIT's projections are accurate, the energy demands of AI datacentres would far outpace the government's current plans for grid expansion and decarbonization.Each proposed AI growth zone would require at least 500MW of electricity – an amount only slightly less than DESNZ's forecast for the increase in energy usage of the entire commercial services sector. This suggests that even a handful of these zones would strain the government's energy planning.Revised Emissions Figures and ControversyThe controversy surrounding these projections deepened when DSIT revised its figures for the carbon emissions of AI datacentres. Originally, DSIT's projections for the carbon emissions of additional AI computing capacity were between 0.025m and 0.142m tonnes of carbon equivalent (MtCO₂) – below 0.05% of Britain's projected emissions.After questions were raised about the plausibility of these figures, the document containing them was removed from the government website. Then, after inquiries from The Guardian, DSIT updated its numbers significantly. In a statement posted online, the department acknowledged: "The UK's cumulative 10-year greenhouse gas emissions from AI compute could range from 34 to 123 MtCO₂ – this is around 0.9-3.4% of the UK's projected total emissions over the 10-year period."This represents more than a hundredfold increase in the estimated emissions, raising serious questions about the initial calculations and the transparency of the government's planning process.Critics Question Government Competence and Corporate InfluenceThe conflicting projections have drawn sharp criticism from experts and observers. Tim Squirrell, the head of strategy for the NGO Foxglove, commented: "The government's cluelessness over the environmental impact of datacentres would be laughable, if it weren't so alarming."Cecilia Rikap, a researcher at University College London, offered two possible interpretations of the "misalignment": either DESNZ and DSIT are incompetent, or there's some kind of "magical thinking about AI and big tech." She added: "Either way, the episode uncovers how these corporations control not only the AI value chain, but also the UK government."Foxglove filed an environmental impact assessment request with DESNZ in January, asking how the department had incorporated AI datacentres into its projections for Britain's emissions. The response, which referred to broader forecasts for the commercial services sector, did not address the specific concerns raised.Future of UK AI Strategy and Climate GoalsThe UK government appears to be attempting to balance competing priorities: becoming a leader in artificial intelligence while meeting international climate commitments. Carbon budget 7, which will outline the UK's climate plans for the coming years, is set to be released this summer and may provide more clarity on how these objectives will be reconciled.A spokesperson for DESNZ noted that "datacentre emissions are factored into our modeling, including for carbon budget 7," and mentioned that "The AI Energy Council is exploring opportunities to attract investment and support the development of clean power for datacentres."However, the significant discrepancy between government departments suggests that the UK's strategy for becoming an AI superpower may be developed without adequate consideration of its environmental implications. As the government moves forward with its AI ambitions, the tension between technological advancement and climate responsibility will likely remain a central challenge.

The Government's Massive Emissions RevisionThe UK government has dramatically revised upward its estimates of carbon emissions from AI datacentres, now projecting up to 123 million tonnes of CO₂ over the next decade—more than 100 times previous figures. This revelation raises serious questions about the government's climate commitments and its push for AI-driven economic growth.The Scale of AI's Environmental FootprintAccording to new data quietly published this week, energy use by AI datacentres in the UK could cause the emission of up to 123m tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) – about as much as generated by 2.7 million people – over the next 10 years. That latest figure replaces a previous estimate – since deleted – that claimed emissions would reach a maximum of 0.142m tonnes of CO₂ in a single year.The latest estimates were revealed in a revision to the UK "compute roadmap", which sets out the government's plan "to build a world-class compute ecosystem" for delivering artificial intelligence in the UK – a goal on which the government has staked its hopes for economic growth.The Carbon Impact NumbersAccording to the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology's (DSIT) latest estimates, the carbon impact of the planned AI buildout could range from 34m to 123m tonnes of CO₂ – about 0.9% to 3.4% of the UK's projected total emissions between 2025 and 2035. The lower range of the estimate would depend on greater efficiency in AI models and hardware, and faster decarbonisation of the UK's energy grid.AI datacentres require huge amounts of electricity to operate – much more than the datacentres used to store online data – and most of that continues to be generated by fossil fuels.Climate Concerns and Government ResponseThere is increasing alarm at the carbon impact of AI and with calls to reduce global emissions to mitigate the climate emergency becoming increasingly urgent. Patrick Galey, the head of investigations for the Global Witness climate campaign, said: "We have a handful of years until our carbon budget is exhausted. To waste what little bandwidth we have left – when 750 million people worldwide lack access to electricity – assisting some of the richest men ever to hone their plagiarism bots would be a historic idiocy that future generations are unlikely to forgive today's leaders for."Foxglove's head of strategy, Tim Squirrell, added: "The government has a legally binding commitment to reach net zero by 2050. This already sat awkwardly alongside its hell-for-leather embrace of a hyperscale AI datacentre buildout, which unchecked could double the electricity consumption of the entire country. The situation has now been revealed to be much, much worse, given the fact the government doesn't seem to have done even the most basic arithmetic needed to measure the potential new carbon emissions of these datacentres."Officials from the DSIT appear to have made the revision after an investigation by Foxglove, an independent watchdog, and the Carbon Brief news site said they appeared to be a significant underestimate. The government declined to comment on the record.Future of AI and Climate PolicyThe dramatic revision of emissions estimates comes as the UK government continues to push for AI adoption, with recent announcements including a £500m fund investment. This creates a significant tension between the government's economic ambitions for AI and its climate commitments, particularly as the UK aims to reach net zero emissions by 2050.As the true environmental cost of AI becomes clearer, policymakers will face increasing pressure to balance technological advancement with sustainability concerns. The path forward may require more efficient AI models, accelerated renewable energy adoption, or potentially scaling back some aspects of the planned AI buildout to meet climate targets.

US tech firms, including Microsoft, have successfully influenced the EU to conceal the environmental impact of their datacentres, an investigation has revealed. The EU's proposal to create a database of green metrics for datacentres was amended to include a secrecy provision, almost verbatim from industry lobbying efforts in 2024. This confidentiality clause, included in EU rules, restricts public access to individual datacentre emissions data, leaving only national-level summaries of energy footprints. Researchers and legal scholars warn that this blanket confidentiality may violate EU transparency rules and the Aarhus convention on public access to environmental information. The rise of AI chatbots has led to a surge in datacentre construction, increasing demand for power, partly met by burning fossil gas. The EU aims to triple its datacentre capacity in the next five to seven years to become a global leader in artificial intelligence. Industry groups, including DigitalEurope and Video Games Europe, lobbied for the change, citing commercial interests. Microsoft stated it supports greater transparency while protecting confidential business information. Legal experts argue that the confidentiality clause contravenes EU transparency rules and the Aarhus convention. The EU is obliged to ensure systematic availability of environmental information to the public under the convention.

Great Britain is on the verge of a record‑breaking summer of wind and solar generation, creating the possibility of the first zero‑carbon electricity periods in the nation’s power system.The government’s ambition to achieve a 95% gas‑free grid by 2030 underpins this push, as electrified transport, heat pumps and low‑carbon industry will need a clean power supply to meet climate targets.National Grid ESO (Neso) forecasts that on sunny weekend afternoons the grid could have more renewable power than demand, leaving excess capacity that would otherwise be wasted.To turn surplus into savings, Neso is urging households and businesses to shift flexible loads—such as charging electric vehicles, running dishwashers or doing laundry—to those high‑renewable windows.Leading suppliers Octopus Energy and British Gas have confirmed participation, offering special tariffs that reward consumers for using electricity when it is abundant.British Gas’s “PeakSave” scheme, for example, provides half‑price electricity from 11 am to 4 pm on Sundays, with an even cheaper “Super Sunday” option from 9 am to 5 pm. The company says the tariff has saved over £45 million for more than 1 million customers since its 2023 launch. Octopus Energy reports helping 2 million households save about £11 million, including £3 million in free electricity during periods of high renewable output.Other providers—including Ovo Energy and EDF Energy—offer similar “time‑of‑use” tariffs that charge higher rates when renewables are scarce, giving price‑sensitive users a clear incentive to shift consumption.Beyond bill reductions, flexible demand curtails the need for “constraint payments” to wind and solar farms—payments that reached almost £1.5 billion last year. By encouraging consumers to “turn up” rather than forcing generators to “turn down,” the grid can avoid these costly curtailments.Businesses are also joining the flexibility movement. Tech firms report that adaptable energy use can cut datacenter grid costs by up to 5% and slash emissions by as much as 40%. Danish engineering group Danfoss estimates that if datacentres operated flexibly for just 1% of the time, the pipeline of new facilities expected by 2035 could be accommodated without overloading the grid.In short, leveraging surplus renewable power now—through smart tariffs and demand‑shifting—offers a cheaper, faster alternative to massive storage or grid‑upgrade projects, while delivering tangible savings for consumers and a decisive step toward a low‑carbon British electricity system.

Amazon's highly anticipated satellite internet service, Leo, is expected to go live in mid-2026, according to CEO Andy Jassy. The company has been working on the project, originally conceived as Project Kuiper in 2019, and has secured revenue commitments from enterprises and governments for the scheme.Leo currently has 200 low-orbit satellites in space, with plans to launch a few thousand more in the coming years. While this puts Amazon on track to become the second commercial satellite presence in space, it still lags behind SpaceX's Starlink, which has nearly 10,000 satellites in space and aims to have as many as 42,000 operational in the future.Jassy emphasized that Leo will seamlessly integrate with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to enable enterprises and governments to move data back and forth for storage, analytics, and AI. Additionally, Delta Air Lines has partnered with Leo to provide onboard WiFi for its planes, starting with 500 planes in 2028.Despite being behind rivals such as Starlink and OneWeb, Amazon's efforts have been hindered by relying on competitors' rockets for launches. However, plans have been announced for Blue Origin, owned by Jeff Bezos, to take primary responsibility for launching Leo satellites from 2027 onwards.The rivalry between Amazon and SpaceX is expected to shape the commercial space industry in the coming decades, with both companies interested in setting up datacentres in orbit and normalizing commercial space travel.

OpenAI has put on hold plans for a landmark UK investment, Stargate UK, citing high energy costs and regulation, in a blow to the government which has put AI at the centre of its growth strategy.The Stargate project was part of the UK-US AI deal announced last September, in which US companies appeared to commit £31bn to the UK’s tech sector. The project aimed to support Britain in building out “sovereign compute” – infrastructure that would allow the government and other UK institutions to run AI models on datacentres in the country.Victoria Collins MP, the Liberal Democrat spokesperson for science, innovation and technology, said: “This is a wake-up call for the government to manage energy costs in the UK and foundation infrastructure.”The Labour MP Clive Lewis said: “When a government has no economic strategy worthy of the name and no real industrial vision, it becomes vulnerable.”An OpenAI spokesperson said: “We see huge potential for the UK’s AI future, and we support the government’s ambition to be an AI leader. We continue to explore Stargate UK.”High energy costs, rising further because of the US-Israel war on Iran, are expected to delay or derail AI datacentre projects worldwide. The UK’s industrial electricity prices were already the highest in Europe before the start of the war.

SpaceX, led by Elon Musk, is gearing up for a historic initial public offering (IPO) that could value the aerospace and artificial intelligence company at $2 trillion. As part of its efforts to raise $75 billion, potentially the largest public offering in history, SpaceX will host an event for 1,500 retail investors in June.In a departure from the norm, the company has allocated a significant portion of its shares, up to 30%, for non-professional, non-institutional investors. This move is seen as a bid to leverage Musk's popularity among individual investors. The process will begin with a 'roadshow' to bankers on June 7, followed by the retail investor event on June 11.Bret Johnsen, SpaceX's chief financial officer, emphasized that retail investors will play a critical role in this IPO, stating that they have been 'incredibly supportive' of the company and Musk. The offering will be open to investors from the UK, EU, Australia, Canada, Japan, and Korea.The company's revenue reached $15 to $16 billion last year, with Starlink, its satellite internet service, and contracts with the US government being major contributors. Analysts predict revenues could reach $20 billion in 2026, driven by growth in satellite and space ventures.SpaceX's ambitious plans include developing datacentres in space to address energy challenges through a constant supply of solar power. The company is working on Starship, touted as the world's 'most powerful launch vehicle,' which is expected to play a crucial role in these endeavors.

Donald Trump’s demand that Iran reopen the Strait of Hormuz has an immediate impact on U.S. gasoline prices, but analysts warn that a prolonged conflict will push energy costs higher across the globe, far beyond the fuel pump. Systemic increases in power prices and disrupted supply chains are set to compress margins for industries worldwide; in the United States, the effect could be especially damaging to the fragile economics of the AI boom. Oil‑importing nations in the Global South are already feeling the strain: Egypt has imposed curfews, Indonesia is trialling work‑from‑home Fridays, and the Philippines has declared a national energy emergency. While the United States, as a major oil exporter, can partially insulate itself, the country cannot escape the global rise in energy costs. Experts predict that price pressure will linger for months even if the strait reopens within days. Companies are revisiting cash‑flow forecasts, and the AI sector—characterised by energy‑intensive model training and debt‑laden expansion—faces a particularly acute risk. OpenAI chief Sam Altman attempted to downplay environmental concerns, likening the energy required to train an AI model to the cumulative food intake over a human’s 20‑year development. The Bank of England’s Financial Policy Committee warned that rising energy costs could depress AI share prices, noting that investors were already uneasy about the sector’s heavy reliance on debt financing and uncertain return prospects before the war began. "The conflict could increase these concerns, particularly given the energy‑intensive nature of the supply chain for key components and the operation of datacentres," the committee said. World Trade Organization chief economist Robert Staiger echoed this view, cautioning that a prolonged period of high energy prices could "crimp" AI investment. He highlighted that AI‑related goods accounted for 70% of U.S. investment growth in the first three‑quarters of last year. A forensic note from US law firm Quinn Emanuel revealed that the AI sector generated roughly $60 billion in revenue last year while committing $400 billion to capital expenditure. The financing structure mirrors the 2008 crisis, with off‑balance‑sheet special purpose vehicles and asset‑backed securities playing a central role. Leading "hyperscalers" and infrastructure providers such as CoreWeave are borrowing enormous sums to build out datacentres, although some analysts argue that many projects lag behind their lofty promises. Much of this borrowing comes from private‑credit lenders, making total liabilities opaque and challenging for regulators—an issue the Bank of England has repeatedly flagged. Complex financing arrangements see datacentres owned by special purpose vehicles, debt pooled and sold to pension funds, and other layered structures that obscure true exposure. Quinn Emanuel estimates that $120 billion of datacentre debt has been moved off‑balance sheets in the past two years. The firm warns that distress at any single node could cascade through the tightly interconnected AI ecosystem. Extended higher energy costs, combined with volatile interest rates and weaker consumer demand—both likely fallout from the Middle East war—could trigger that distress. The fundamental question remains: can the AI sector generate sufficient revenue to justify its sky‑high valuations? Even modest energy price hikes may force a market rethink, with potential spill‑over effects across U.S. markets and beyond. As the article concludes, the economic fallout may be yet another unintended consequence of Trump’s aggressive stance on Iran, unleashing forces beyond his control.