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Scotland has taken a significant step in the early detection and treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a rare genetic condition that causes progressive muscle wastage, by becoming the first part of the UK to screen newborn babies for the condition.The screening, which is part of the existing heel prick test offered to all parents in Scotland about four days after birth, is funded by the Scottish government and pharmaceutical company Novartis. The goal is to assess how well screening can detect SMA earlier, allowing babies to receive treatment as soon as possible.SMA affects an estimated 1 in 14,000 births worldwide and impacts movement, breathing, and swallowing. Without treatment, it can limit life expectancy to two years. The condition was brought to wider attention after former Little Mix singer Jesy Nelson revealed in January that her twin daughters had been diagnosed with SMA.Campaigners, who have long advocated for newborn testing, hope the Scottish pilot will result in approval for the heel prick test across the UK. Giles Lomax, chief executive of SMA UK, said the screening pilot in Scotland would be “a huge impetus for other parts of the UK to speed up their own testing plans”. He hopes the Scotland trial will provide data that would convince the UK National Screening Committee to approve UK-wide testing.There is no cure for SMA, but there are now three NHS-funded drug treatments available. Lomax emphasized that with these treatments and newborn screening, “the future for anyone diagnosed with SMA is very different compared to their peers who were diagnosed symptomatically. It basically gives children the life they deserve.”

Satellite images of Tehran have revealed that toxic fires caused by Israeli bombings on oil depots were still burning days after the strikes, posing serious health risks to millions of residents in the Iranian capital.The bombings, which occurred on March 7, caused clouds of smoke to blanket the city with pollutants ranging from soot to oil particles to sulphur dioxide. A passing storm then showered Tehran with poisonous, oil-filled rain.Residents have reported headaches, eye and skin irritation, and difficulty breathing. Experts have warned that these symptoms could be just the beginning, with long-term risks of cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, DNA damage, and cancer.Four fuel facilities in and around the capital were hit, including the Shahran depot in the north-west, the Aqdasieh oil depot in the north-east, the Tehran refinery in the south, and the Shahid Dolati facility in the west.Satellite images taken two days after the strikes showed the Shahran depot and the Tehran refinery were still burning. Another image taken by the European Space Agency satellite on Tuesday – 10 days after the strikes – showed that those two fires had smouldered, but smoke and flames were visible at the Aqdasieh oil depot.Iran has described the attacks as “ecocide”, which is described as wanton acts of environmental destruction.The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has warned that heavy smoke from burning oil was “directly inhaled by people in Iran – including young children – raising serious concerns about long-term impacts on both human and environmental health”.

Moma Foods, a British porridge and oat drink brand, has issued a recall for several of its porridge products in the UK due to a potential mouse contamination at their manufacturing site. The recall affects seven versions of its pots and two of its sachets.Customers are advised not to consume the affected products and to return them to the place of purchase for a full refund. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) confirmed the recall on its website, stating that these products may contain mouse contamination, making them unsafe to eat.The affected products include:Porridge pots: almond butter and salted caramel; apple, cinnamon and brown sugar; banana and peanut butter protein; blueberry and vanilla; cranberry and raisin; golden syrup; and plain no-added sugar.Sachets: almond butter and salted caramel; and apple, cinnamon and brown sugar.Moma Foods emphasized that the chance of contamination is low, but they have taken this precautionary step to ensure consumer safety. The company was founded in 2006 in a railway arch in Deptford, south-east London, initially selling porridge and smoothies.

Leicester City's struggles in the Women's Super League continued as they suffered a 2-1 defeat at home to Aston Villa, with Ebony Salmon's impressive performance off the bench proving decisive for the visitors.The loss leaves Leicester rooted to the bottom of the table, three points from safety with just five games remaining. Alisha Lehmann had given Leicester the lead, but Anna Patten and Kirsty Hanson scored for Villa, with Hanson netting her 10th league goal of the season.In another match, Liverpool and Brighton played out a goalless draw, a result that edged Liverpool further away from the relegation zone. The draw extended Liverpool's winless away run to 10 WSL matches but followed a general upturn in form that has seen them win three of their previous five league games.The result means Liverpool are now five points clear of Leicester, who are still struggling to avoid relegation. Liverpool goalkeeper Jennifer Falk made a crucial save to deny Brighton a late win, while at the other end, Aurélie Csillag's low shot was saved and Maelys Mpomé cleared the ball off the line to preserve the draw.

England rugby is at a critical juncture following its fifth-place finish in the Six Nations, marking the team's least successful championship in half a century. The Rugby Football Union has initiated a thorough review with remarkable speed, with insiders emphasizing that the process aims to support head coach Steve Borthwick rather than punish him. Despite the disappointing campaign, Borthwick is expected to remain in his position through the summer. As one well-placed source noted: "This review is about supporting Steve to make improvements. If change is needed, change is needed but it's not about punishing him." The comprehensive examination seeks feedback from both senior and younger players to understand the root causes of England's painful defeats against Scotland, Ireland, and Italy. Exeter's director of rugby, Rob Baxter, emphasized that the problems are multifaceted: "The reality is that it's never one thing that's the problem. Finishing fifth is down to a collection of things that have slowly added up and then multiplied." The review will particularly focus on what transpired in the three weeks following the first match, examining whether issues stem from culture, environment, selection, or tactics. A strategic disconnect emerged during the tournament between England's stated ambition to play vibrant rugby and their actual performance. Sale's director of rugby, Alex Sanderson, observed: "They've got quite a wide coaching team, a lot of cooks – not 'spoil the broth' but there's a lot of opinions to take in." Following the Ireland match, England appeared to revert to a pragmatic, defensive approach against Italy, only to show significant improvement when adopting a more expansive style against France. With the Rugby World Cup just 18 months away and England now ranked sixth in the world, selection decisions have become increasingly urgent. The team faces crucial choices at fly-half and center, with differing opinions on whether to prioritize experience or emerging talent. Former England center Simon Halliday advocates for continuity, particularly praising Tommy Freeman's performance against France: "He ripped them to pieces and looked really good against France. He's a frightening prospect to defend against." Concerns about England's talent pipeline have been raised following mixed results at junior levels. While the under-20 team won the championship in 2024, recent performances have been inconsistent, including a 63-33 defeat to France's under-18s and a sixth-place finish at the junior world championships. However, there are promising signs, with clubs like Bath developing significant young talent including Kepu Tuipulotu, Vilikesa Sela, and Tyler Offiah. The structure of English rugby's domestic pyramid faces scrutiny as the end of automatic promotion and relegation approaches, with an expansion league planned for 2029-2030. The gap between the Premiership and the Championship has widened, raising questions about how to provide young players with essential senior experience. Simon Gillham, chair of the Tier 2 board, acknowledges the challenges but remains optimistic: "For the Champ clubs it's a case of head over heart. I'm absolutely convinced the Champ will continue to grow."

When Resident Evil emerged in the mid-1990s, it stood in stark contrast to the prevailing gaming landscape. The PlayStation and Saturn consoles were dominated by bright, arcade-style games like Daytona and Tekken, while Japanese publisher Capcom was primarily known for Street Fighter and Mega Man sequels. Scary games were rare at the time and mostly confined to the PC, making Capcom's horror title Biohazard (the Japanese name for the series) a radical departure that caught the attention of games journalists.Three decades later, the series has not only survived but flourished, becoming one of gaming's most successful franchises. Resident Evil has sold more than 180 million copies worldwide, with 11 core titles, numerous spinoffs and remakes, plus extensive film, television, and anime tie-ins. Its characters and monsters have become cultural icons, with its design tropes now embedded in gaming practice.The origins of Resident Evil can be traced back to 1989's Sweet Home, a Capcom role-playing game for the Famicom (Japanese NES). The game featured a group of filmmakers searching a haunted mansion for valuable artifacts, and while it was a modest domestic success, it never received an international release. However, senior producer Tokuro Fujiwara couldn't let go of his vision for horror as a distinct game genre."We have Tokuro Fujiwara to thank for the existence of Resident Evil," says Alex Aniel, author of acclaimed Resident Evil history book Itchy, Tasty. "He directed Sweet Home having believed that horror could become its own game genre, but wasn't satisfied with its rudimentary portrayal. He wanted to give horror another try once the technology was there to allow it – that opportunity finally arrived with the release of the original PlayStation."In 1993, young producer Shinji Mikami was brought in to oversee a horror game project inspired by Sweet Home. He expanded the haunted mansion concept, drawing influence from George A Romero's Dead trilogy and Alone in the Dark, creating a world haunted not by ghouls but by zombies, mutants, and monsters. The heroes were an experienced SWAT team investigating disappearances at a rural mansion owned by the sinister scientific organization: Umbrella Corp.The original vision for full real-time 3D visuals proved too ambitious for PlayStation hardware, leading Mikami and programmer Yasuhiro Anpo to develop a compromise: 3D characters combined with prerendered 2D backgrounds viewed from fixed camera angles. This restricted, expressionistic style emphasized the intense claustrophobia of the environment, with information always kept from the player by blind corners and shadowy doorways.This combination of tension, omission, and restriction is fundamental to Resident Evil's success as a horror franchise. Even as the camera evolved to over-the-shoulder views and first-person perspectives, characters remained vulnerable. Ammo, save points, and health items are jealously rationed, with extremely restricted inventories. This approach makes Resident Evil operate more like classic horror literature than a typical power fantasy video game.The series has also expertly referenced horror conventions while paying homage to its inspirations. "Kamiya's biggest source of inspiration came from Alien and especially its sequel, Aliens," says Aniel of Hideki Kamiya, who directed Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil Zero. "For example, in Resident Evil 2, humans infected with the G-virus grow a parasite that eventually ruptures their host and emerges from within, growing into deadly creatures."Resident Evil has also demonstrated remarkable versatility in exploring different horror genres – gothic horror in its mansions and monstrous enemies, sci-fi horror in its biological experiments, and folk horror in its sinister villages and religious cults. This comprehensive approach allows it to mirror societal fears, a point underscored by the COVID-19 pandemic."The Covid pandemic reminded us just how real our fear of viruses should be," says Bernard Perron, professor of cinema and video games at the University of Montreal. "In that sense, the fear of a corrupt corporation like Umbrella, along with mad scientists who do not necessarily have humanity's best interests at heart, continues to resonate. These anxieties remain deeply embedded in our posthumanist societies."Throughout its evolution, Resident Evil has maintained a balance between familiarity and innovation. Characters like Jill Valentine, Claire Redfield, and Leon Kennedy provide continuity – relatable but cool figures who spout wry jokes like Hollywood heroes. Meanwhile, charismatic antagonists such as Albert Wesker, Lord Osmund Saddler, and Lady Dimitrescu ensure consistent engagement.The series also excels in pacing and structure, carefully delineating between exploration, puzzle-solving, and combat sections. Locations are filled with beautiful details – lavish furniture, eerie oil paintings, ornate gardens – making exploration pleasurable. After intense battles, players can retreat to safe spaces like Save Rooms, creating a rhythm that prevents fatigue."The series offers deep and entertaining gameplay experiences, but with a very low barrier to entry, even for newcomers," says Aniel. "The Resident Evil games are more accessible than ever: since they are often on sale, they are affordable even for customers in emerging global markets, available on every major game platform."Ultimately, Resident Evil's longevity stems from its ability to create uncertainty while maintaining familiarity. "You know what you will get, but you also don't know," the article concludes. "Around every corner there could be a shock or there could be nothing – it's the uncertainty that gets you. It allows us to write in our own fears and anxieties, or to discover new ones we hadn't considered or acknowledged. Like all great horror fiction, Resident Evil has survived because it looks us right in the eye and says, I know what scares you. Come and see."

The Kent meningitis outbreak may have reached its peak after only two new cases were reported on Friday. The UK Health and Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed 18 cases and 11 probable cases, bringing the total to 29.Of the confirmed cases, 13 were meningitis B. The growth in cases may have slowed, but the situation remains serious, with all cases requiring hospital admission. As of 5 pm on Thursday, 2,360 vaccinations had been given and 9,840 doses of antibiotics handed out.Prof Robin May, the chief scientific officer of the UKHSA, said experts are working to understand if the meningitis B bug has become more transmissible. Initial genetic analysis suggests the Bexsero vaccine should provide protection against the type of MenB in this outbreak.The family of a teenager who died from the disease described their immeasurable loss. Juliette Kenny died on March 14, one day after developing symptoms. Her family is now campaigning for teenagers and young people to be routinely given access to the meningitis B vaccination.Experts believe that with an incubation period of up to 10 days, the peak from the initial super-spreading event will have already passed. However, secondary cases among people who did not attend the nightclub but caught it from someone who did are still possible.

Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that could lead to the development of new obesity drugs. By studying the unique metabolic abilities of pythons, researchers have identified a molecule that appears to play a crucial role in regulating appetite and weight loss. The molecule, called pTOS, was found to increase significantly in the blood of pythons after they eat, and when administered to obese mice, it led to a significant reduction in food intake and a 9% loss of body weight over 28 days. The discovery could lead to the development of new obesity drugs that work in a different way to existing medications, such as GLP-1 medications like Wegovy. Unlike these medications, which can have side effects such as nausea and stomach pain, pTOS appears to act on the brain's appetite centers, reducing food intake without these adverse effects. The researchers, led by Dr. Jonathan Long from Stanford University and Prof. Leslie Leinwand from the University of Colorado Boulder, published their findings in the journal Nature Metabolism. They believe that pTOS, which is naturally produced by the snake's gut bacteria and also found in human urine, could be a safe and effective treatment for obesity. While further research is needed before the findings can be applied clinically, the discovery is seen as a promising step towards the development of new obesity treatments. The study's results suggest that pTOS could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

Madeleine Dring, born in 1923, was a composer with an unconventional career that spanned theatre, pantomime, and cabaret. Despite her untimely death at 53, her music has been rediscovered, and her seriousness as a composer is now evident.The album Through the Centuries: Songs of Madeleine Dring, performed by Kitty Whately and Julius Drake, features a wide-ranging survey of Dring's work, drawing on poets from Shakespeare to her contemporaries. Dring's ability to find distinctive new melodies for old classics, such as It Was a Lover and His Lass, is showcased, along with her knack for word-setting.Whately's warm, supple mezzo-soprano brings these fervent outpourings to life, while Drake's piano accompaniment provides the perfect balance of support and independence. The album offers a variety of moods, from the passionate Love Is a Sickness and Echoes to the tongue-in-cheek Encouragements to a Lover and The Cuckoo.The encore, Dring's arrangement of Cole Porter's In the Still of the Night, is a delightful addition, showcasing her skill in reinterpreting popular songs. This album puts paid to any idea that Dring was not a serious composer, instead highlighting her unique voice and contribution to classical music.