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The recent developments in the Iran-US conflict have sparked concerns about the potential for a prolonged and devastating war. Iranian barrages have targeted Israel, Gulf Arab states, and northern Iraq, while Israeli and US warplanes have struck across Iran. The US has considered deploying troops on the ground, further escalating tensions.British Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer has warned that the conflict may endure, and the economic risks are already crystallizing. Business activity growth in Britain has slowed, manufacturers' input costs have seen their sharpest rise since 1992, and home loans are becoming dearer as the war feeds into energy and inflation fears.The UK government is drawing up contingency plans, such as lowering speed limits to cut fuel use. However, Chancellor Rachel Reeves has ruled out universal household support for any 'Trumpflation' and insists help will remain within her 'iron-clad' fiscal rules. This approach has raised concerns about the government's ability to mitigate the economic impact of the conflict.The conflict has significant implications for global energy markets. Disruptions to oil and gas flows could lead to a structural shift in global energy use, with Europe potentially accelerating its green energy transition and Asia opting for increased coal use. The UK's clean energy transition may be impacted, with higher costs and disrupted supply posing challenges.In conclusion, the Iran-US conflict poses significant risks to global economic stability and energy markets. The UK government must navigate these challenges carefully, balancing the need for economic support with the imperative of maintaining fiscal discipline.

A recent study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology has revealed that small changes to daily habits can have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. The research, conducted by experts from Australia, Chile, and Brazil, examined data on more than 53,000 middle-aged UK adults taking part in the Biobank study.The study found that sleeping for 11 minutes more each night, doing 4.5 additional minutes of brisk walking, and eating an extra 50g of vegetables each day can reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events, including heart attacks and strokes, by about 10%. These small behavior changes were found to be more "achievable and sustainable" compared to attempting major changes in a single behavior.According to the study, the "optimal" way to avoid cardiovascular incidents includes getting eight to nine hours of sleep each night, a good diet, and a minimum of 42 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity each day. Combining these measures leads to a 57% lower risk of heart attacks and strokes.Dr. Nicholas Koemel, the study's lead author, noted that "making a few small, combined changes is likely more achievable and sustainable for most people when compared with attempting major changes in a single behavior." He encouraged people to make small changes to their daily routine, as they can have a surprisingly large positive impact on cardiovascular health.Prof Emmanuel Stamatakis, a senior author of the study, plans to build on these findings to develop new digital tools that support people in making positive lifestyle changes and establishing sustained healthy habits.Commenting on the study, Emily McGrath, a senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said that "small tweaks – like getting a little more sleep, adding a few extra minutes of activity to your day or eating a bit more veg – can work together to have a meaningful positive impact on your heart health."

The UK defence industry is in a state of crisis as a long-delayed military spending plan has left firms 'bleeding cash' and in 'paralysis'. The six-month delay to the defence investment plan (DIP) has resulted in some companies going bust, while others are struggling to stay afloat.Industry groups have warned that the delay has left the UK behind Germany and the US in attracting investment from global investors. The DIP, originally expected last autumn, has been repeatedly postponed amid warnings that the military faces a £28bn funding gap over the next four years.Samira Braund, the defence director of the ADS Group trade body, described the situation as 'paralysis', stating that the government has not put effective mitigation plans in place. The boss of BAE Systems, Europe's biggest defence contractor, has urged ministers to publish the plan, while some smaller firms have been forced out of business.One such company was MTE Heat Treatment, a Yorkshire-based manufacturer with just over 30 employees that helped make turbine blades for jet engines. It fell into administration in February. Andrew Kinniburgh, the head of the trade body Make UK's defence arm, warned that the delay risks deterring investment in the UK at a time when the US and Europe are also raising military spending.The DIP will show how the government plans to fund its strategic defence review, the blueprint for transforming the military amid growing threats from Russia, rising commitments to Nato and against the backdrop of the US-Israel war on Iran. Ministers accepted all the review's recommendations when it was published last June, but the head of the military, Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Knighton, told MPs in January that defence cuts would be needed without more funding.

Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi has accused the United States and Israel of causing disruptions to shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, a vital waterway through which one-fifth of the world's oil shipments pass.In a phone conversation with UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, Araghchi called for an end to what he described as military aggression against Iran by the US and Israel. He emphasized that every country and international institution concerned with peace and security must condemn these actions.The situation in the Strait of Hormuz has led to significant increases in oil prices, with Brent crude up 2.5% to $105.70 on Monday, more than 40% higher than before the conflict began on February 28.Several countries are reportedly in talks with Iran to secure safe passage for their ships. A senior adviser to Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) had announced on March 2 that the strait was effectively 'closed' and threatened to set transiting ships 'ablaze'.US President Donald Trump has proposed a naval coalition to secure the Strait of Hormuz, but so far, no countries have pledged to join. French President Emmanuel Macron has stated that France will not participate in operations to unblock the strait, but may consider joining an escort system once fighting ends.The European Union is seeking diplomatic solutions to guarantee safe transit through the Strait of Hormuz and mitigate the impact of soaring energy prices on global markets.

Asian stock markets experienced a significant downturn on Monday, with South Korea's KOSPI index plummeting 6.5% and Japan's Nikkei 225 falling 3.5%. The Hang Seng Index in Hong Kong tumbled more than 4%, while Australia's ASX 200 closed 0.75% lower and New Zealand's NZX 50 was down 0.7%.The turmoil was triggered by US President Donald Trump's ultimatum to Iran, warning the country to reopen the Strait of Hormuz or face the destruction of its energy infrastructure within 48 hours. The strait is a critical waterway through which about one-fifth of global oil and natural gas exports usually transit.Trump's threat has added to fears of a cascading global energy crisis as the US and Israel's war on Iran approaches its one-month mark with no clear end in sight. Oil prices have surged more than 50% since the start of the war, which began on February 28. Analysts warn that energy prices are likely to rise significantly further if the strait remains effectively closed, with some predicting oil to hit $150 or even $200 a barrel.In response to Trump's ultimatum, Tehran has warned it will completely close the waterway and launch retaliatory attacks on energy and water infrastructure across the region if Trump follows through on his threat. The deadline for Trump's ultimatum is set to expire at 23:44 GMT on Monday.European markets also saw significant losses, with London's FTSE 100 down 1.4% and the DAX 40 in Frankfurt falling about 2% in morning trading. On Wall Street, US stocks saw significant losses ahead of Monday's opening, with futures tied to the S&P; 500 down about 0.8% as of 07:00 GMT.

The United Kingdom has strongly condemned 'reckless Iranian threats' after reports emerged of a missile launch targeting a joint US-UK military base on the Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia. However, Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs has denied any involvement in the alleged missile launch.According to US media reports, two ballistic missiles were fired at the base, with one reportedly failing mid-flight and the other intercepted by a US warship. The incident occurred approximately 4,000km (2,500 miles) from Iran, raising concerns about Iran's missile capabilities.Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Esmaeil Baghaei, described the missile launches as a 'false flag' operation, suggesting that Israel might have been behind them. This denial comes as the conflict between Iran, the US, and Israel continues to escalate.The UK has condemned the alleged attack, with Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper stating that the UK would not be drawn into a wider conflict in the Middle East. The UK's Prime Minister, Keir Starmer, noted that the UK would not use a base in Cyprus for Iran-related operations.Israel's military chief, Eyal Zamir, claimed that Iran used 'a two-stage intercontinental ballistic missile with a range of 4,000km' to target the US-UK base. Zamir stated that these missiles pose a threat to European capitals, including Berlin, Paris, and Rome.The incident has significant implications for the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, with analysts suggesting that Iran's missile capabilities could change the calculus of the war for the US and its allies. The conflict has already led to a rise in global oil prices and increased tensions between the US, Israel, and Iran.

The UK government has instructed HS2 Ltd to assess the feasibility of operating its high-speed trains at reduced speeds, aiming to curb escalating costs and facilitate an earlier launch in the 2030s. The proposal involves limiting train speeds to 186mph (300km/h), a significant decrease from the initially planned 224mph. Potentially billions of pounds in savings could be achieved through this adjustment, which would bring the project more in line with typical European high-speed rail standards. Currently, most UK trains operate at a maximum speed of 125mph, while HS1 trains serving Kent and the Channel tunnel reach up to 186mph. Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander has commissioned HS2 Ltd to report back on the potential savings from slower trains before the summer recess. This development follows a review by HS2's new CEO, Mark Wild, who has been working to regain control of the project's costs and delays. Alexander acknowledged the challenges facing the project, stating that previous plans significantly underestimated the work required. Despite these challenges, she praised Wild's leadership and noted that HS2 is now making progress, having completed the excavation of all 23 miles of deep tunnels needed for the initial stage of the railway. The project's overall budget is expected to be reassessed and restated in 2026 prices, with predictions that it will exceed £100bn due to soaring inflation and rising labour and steel costs. As of now, the total expenditure stands at £46.2bn at current prices. Government sources suggest that the original design for the world's fastest railway was “gold-plated” and “needlessly overspecced”, contributing to the cost overruns. Wild emphasized that speed was never the primary objective, and the railway's focus should be on delivering better journeys, increased network capacity, and economic growth.

EasyJet's chief executive, Kenton Jarvis, has announced that the ongoing conflict in the Middle East has started to impact flight bookings, with a notable drop in reservations for destinations such as Turkey, Cyprus, and Egypt. Bookings have slowed for summer, with passengers opting for 'usual suspects' like Spain, Greece, and Portugal instead.Jarvis attributed the decline to the Iran war and its effect on consumer confidence. He mentioned that while the airline has hedged much of its fuel into next year, soaring kerosene prices will likely lead to a rise in air fares by the end of the summer.Fuel prices have surged, with easyJet currently paying $700 (£520) a tonne for jet fuel, compared to current spot prices of $1,850. Jarvis noted that while most European airlines are well-hedged, fares will likely increase as the higher costs are passed on to consumers.The airline's hedging strategy means it can still secure a price of $1,000 in six months, but market expectations are that fuel prices will decrease. However, Jarvis warned that the reality is that prices will start feeding into consumer costs over the back end of summer.In related news, easyJet has reopened a base at Newcastle airport, which it closed in 2020 due to Covid-19. The base will bring 140 jobs and support over 1,000 new jobs in the wider north-east region, with plans to fly up to 800,000 holidaymakers out of Newcastle this summer.

Europe has achieved staggering progress in clean power production, but its efforts are being undermined by a slow transition away from fuel-burning machines. According to Adrian Hiel, director of the Electrification Alliance, the EU has radically transformed its power supply but now needs to focus on increasing the use of electricity in everyday applications.The sluggish pace of electrification has left households exposed to higher bills as the Iran war has driven oil and gas prices to soar. The International Energy Agency has called for a faster shift to electric cars and heat pumps to complement its fuel-saving action plan.Hiel emphasized that high taxes on electricity are a major barrier to the green transition, suggesting that electricity should be taxed like a fresh apple, not like alcohol and tobacco. EU leaders, including Ursula von der Leyen, have acknowledged the need to adjust energy taxes to promote clean air and secure energy.The Electrification Alliance, which includes industry associations like SolarPower Europe and the International Copper Association Europe, is pushing for a faster switch to a decarbonized economy. Hiel noted that the falling cost of clean technology has made it easier for people to ditch fossil fuels, citing his own experience of insulating his home and installing a heat pump and solar panels.Looking ahead, Hiel warned that gas prices are likely to remain high for several years, putting pressure on governments to help households pay their bills and potentially hindering efforts to promote home electrification.