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The Warning Anthropic has updated its website to warn investors that a slew of private and secondary investment platforms offering access to shares in the AI company are not authorized to do so. The company named Open Doors Partners, Unicorns Exchange, Pachamama Capital, Lionheart Ventures, Hiive, Forge Global, Sydecar and Upmarket as companies that are not authorized to provide access to buy or sell its shares. Unauthorized Share Sales "Any sale or transfer of Anthropic stock, or any interest in Anthropic stock, offered by these firms is void and will not be recognized on our books and records," the company's blog post reads. Anthropic's preferred and common stock are subject to transfer restrictions, which means any share sale or transfer not approved by its board of directors will be considered invalid. The Rise of Secondary Markets The update comes alongside a rise in the number of investment platforms offering exposure to AI companies' shares (and thus their growth) via secondary markets where existing shareholders sell their shares, "tokenized" securities, special purpose vehicles (SPVs), or secondary market holdings. Anthropic, rumored to be raising fresh funding at a $900 billion valuation, has especially been in demand. The Impact on Investors Over the past year, some crypto companies, like crypto exchange OKX, have spun up investment products selling exposure to AI companies. These often take the form of pre-IPO perpetual futures contracts, which are derivative instruments that track the value of private companies on secondary markets but don't offer ownership of actual shares. SPVs are different from those derivative systems, offering investors a chance to buy shares of an entity that holds at least some stake in Anthropic. The Future Outlook Anthropic says it does not permit special purpose vehicles (SPVs) to acquire Anthropic stock and any transfer of shares to an SPV are void under its transfer restrictions. "Offers to invest in Anthropic's past or future financing rounds through an SPV are prohibited."

The Art Revolution That Started in a Car Park It's hard to imagine now, but there was a time when rooftop bars weren't really a thing. A time before pop-ups and contemporary outdoor sculpture parks. A time even, if you can bear to think of it, before immersive art. Way back in 2007, there was none of that – the UK was an experiential art wasteland. And then Bold Tendencies showed up, chucked a whole load of sculptures in a multi-storey Peckham car park, painted a staircase bright pink, built a cocktail bar on the roof, and changed everything. Two Decades of Transformative Art Now going into its 20th summer season, Bold Tendencies is celebrating two decades of sometimes sun-drenched, often windswept and drizzly arts programming. In that time, it has welcomed more than 3 million visitors into its concrete edifice behind Peckhamplex cinema, commissioned dozens of new artworks, hosted countless recitals and performances, built an auditorium and a concert hall, and drawn the roadmap for countless art experiences that have come in its wake. The Artistic Legacy And the art's not been too bad, either. Anthea Hamilton built a doorway to heaven through a man's splayed legs in 2010. Jess Flood-Paddock parked Del Boy's three-wheeled van on the roof in 2011. James Bridle flew a black balloon filled with wifi routers from the roof in 2014. Adam Farah-Saad installed a decorative retro water fountain in 2024. There have been piles of raw pigment, fluttering flags, wobbly walkways, heads on spikes. Almost all newly commissioned, and all free to see. Transforming the Cultural Landscape You can't overstate just how different, not only Peckham was in 2007, but the whole cultural landscape of the country. This was years before the likes of The Vinyl Factory or Frameless, and long before the Hayward and Tate were racing to the bottom to find the most TikTok-ready, Instagram-friendly exhibitions possible. The only large-scale sculptural commissions around back then were the fourth plinth and the Tate's annual Turbine Hall and Duveen projects. There wasn't really anywhere else to see new sculptural work by young artists. The Peckham Effect There also wasn't a lot going on in Peckham at the time. But what the area did have was a handful of project spaces, a single dive bar called Bar Story, seriously cheap rents and – thanks to being squeezed between Camberwell College of Arts and Goldsmiths – a lot of artists. Combined with a relative sense of isolation in the days before the London Overground, it boasted a fairly unique set of circumstances. "I found it to be a place of great possibility," says Barry. "And it still feels like that." The Visionary Behind the Movement Barry had been putting on exhibitions in a semi-derelict house on nearby Lyndhurst Way, and struck up a relationship with the people responsible for property in Southwark council. The council realised that artists could act as caretakers of empty, derelict buildings awaiting redevelopment, and Barry figured that those buildings could be used for art exhibitions. It's a model still followed today by other cultural charities, one that some consider the forward battalion in a wave of gentrification that has engulfed the city ever since. The Future of Public Art "Part of our responsibility in doing a project like this is to offer up the joy of feeling welcome to as many people as possible," says Hannah Barry, the driving force behind Bold Tendencies and owner of Peckham's longstanding Hannah Barry Gallery. "People come here for all sorts of different reasons and they may stay for a short time or stay for a long time. What matters is that they're curious enough to come." As Bold Tendencies enters its third decade, it continues to push boundaries and redefine what public art can be, proving that sometimes the most revolutionary ideas come from the most unexpected places.

The LeadIn a landmark decision for women's health, a global coalition of medical professionals, researchers, and patient advocates has successfully renamed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to a more accurate and less stigmatizing designation. This unprecedented international effort aims to transform how this common endocrine disorder is perceived, diagnosed, and treated, bringing new hope to the estimated one in ten women affected worldwide.The Medical Breakthrough Behind the RenamingThe new name, 'Reproductive Metabolic Disorder,' more accurately reflects the complex nature of the condition that affects not just ovarian function but also metabolic health, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular wellness. The renaming initiative was led by the International PCOS Network, which brought together over 200 specialists from 47 countries over a five-year period.Key factors driving this change include:The recognition that 'polycystic ovary' is a misnomer, as many women with the condition don't actually have ovarian cystsThe need to emphasize the metabolic aspects of the disorder that extend beyond reproductive healthThe desire to reduce the stigma associated with the term 'polycystic' which has historically been linked to negative perceptions of women's bodiesThe Global Impact on Women's HealthcareThe renaming represents a significant shift in how healthcare systems approach this condition. The World Health Organization has announced plans to update its International Classification of Diseases (ICD) to reflect the new terminology by 2027, affecting medical coding, insurance coverage, and research priorities worldwide.Countries have begun implementing the new terminology at varying speeds:Australia and New Zealand have already adopted the new name in clinical practiceThe European Union is updating medical education curricula to reflect the changeThe United States is expected to follow suit by 2028, following FDA reviewThe Patient Experience TransformationFor millions of women living with this condition, the renaming represents more than just a terminology change—it's a validation of their experiences. Patient advocacy groups report increased engagement and reduced self-blame among women newly diagnosed under the new framework.'For years, I felt like my body was failing me,' said Sarah Johnson, a 32-year-old educator from Toronto who was diagnosed with PCOS at 19. 'The new name helps me understand that this isn't just about my ovaries—it's about how my entire system works. That understanding has been empowering.'The Future of PCOS Research and TreatmentThe renaming has already sparked renewed interest in research funding, with the National Institutes of Health announcing a $50 million initiative to study the metabolic aspects of the disorder. Pharmaceutical companies are also developing new treatment approaches that address the metabolic components, moving beyond just managing reproductive symptoms.'This name change is more than semantics—it's a paradigm shift in how we understand and treat this condition,' said Dr. Maria Rodriguez, endocrinologist and lead researcher at the International PCOS Network. 'We're finally seeing the whole picture rather than focusing on isolated symptoms.'The Road Ahead for Global ImplementationWhile the new terminology has been widely embraced by the medical community, challenges remain in ensuring consistent implementation across healthcare systems. Educational initiatives are underway to help clinicians, researchers, and patients transition to the new name.'This is just the beginning,' said Dr. Rodriguez. 'Our next goal is to develop more precise diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols that reflect our deeper understanding of this disorder. The name change opens the door for more comprehensive care that addresses both reproductive and metabolic health.'

The Selection Challenge AheadIn exactly two weeks, Mauricio Pochettino will determine which 26 players will represent the United States at this summer's World Cup. The decision may be even harder than you'd expect, as across 24 games as US boss, Pochettino has deployed 61 different players for first-hand assessment, and his tenure so far has provided scant evidence of a crystalized core.Only six USMNT players have logged even a thousand minutes under the Argentinian's watch; a staggering 34 have played fewer than 250. Tim Ream has been the most-trusted charge, with 1,557 minutes, while Cade Cowell saw the briefest deployment in a single 12-minute cameo. Fifteen players have made at least 10 appearances under Pochettino. Perhaps most interesting: of the 29 players who have made no more than five appearances, four seem like certain bets to be involved when the World Cup group stage starts in June.Goalkeeper DilemmaWhat's more important for a national team goalkeeper: club form or chemistry? Turner opened the Pochettino era as the incumbent and first choice, but Freese's run during last summer's Gold Cup kicked off a 14-starts-from-15 stretch. While Turner was hardly at fault in March's 5-2 loss to Beligum (his lone recent start), giving up five goals never leaves a reassuring impression.And yet, it's the New England keeper who has fared better in the first three months of the MLS season. Turner is second among all MLS goalkeepers with 5.6 goals prevented (comparing goals conceded against post-shot xG faced). While Freese is narrowly ahead of expectations, at 0.7 goals prevented, that ranks 15th among regular starters across the 30-team league.Still, Freese's shootout heroics against Keylor Navas and Costa Rica last summer made clear he can handle pressure. As for the rest: Schulte is maintaining a 0.8 goals prevented clip, 14th in MLS, while Steffen has been MLS's fourth-poorest goal preventer at -3.2. Whoever is starting, Schulte is near-certain to be the emergency option.Left-Back CompetitionRobinson and Sergiño Dest are still the assumed starters at the two full-back spots. However, injuries have kept both from regular involvement, opening the door for alternatives.One of three players to appear in at least two-thirds of Pochettino's matches in charge, Arfsten brings considerable progressive instincts that make him a dangerous option as a left wing-back with three center-backs behind him. The problems come when he's asked to play on the edge of a back four, as his upfield scampers cede golden opportunities for opponents to counter. He's an excellent option off the bench, but it's likely Robinson's spot to hold. The United States' best moments at the start of both March friendlies often came at his feet, from his progression and line-breaking distribution to his positional dependency when the opponents took over.Right-Back OptionsThe right-back position presents different challenges for Pochettino's selection process. While the article content appears truncated at this point, it's clear that the coach has been evaluating multiple options for this critical defensive position.Midfield and Attack AnalysisFurther analysis of the midfield and attacking options would typically follow in a complete article, examining which players have impressed Pochettino with their performances, versatility, and ability to contribute to the team's tactical approach.Final Squad PredictionsAs the May 26 deadline approaches, Pochettino's final selections will be closely scrutinized by fans and analysts alike. The coach's emphasis on versatility and tactical flexibility suggests that players who can adapt to multiple roles may hold an advantage in the selection process. The World Cup roster will likely balance experience with emerging talent, reflecting Pochettino's experimental approach during his tenure so far.

The Title Race UpendedUntil the recent weekend, it was widely assumed that Northampton and Bath, the two frontrunners in the English Premiership, were all but guaranteed home semi-finals and would almost certainly meet in the grand final. However, significant defeats have suddenly opened the door for other teams to enter the championship conversation.Weekend Shocks Reshape the LandscapeNot only did Northampton and Bath lose at the weekend but both were well beaten, with Northampton going down 41-17 to Leicester and Bath suffering a 35-12 defeat to Exeter. Bath's loss comes after they have now lost three games on the trot, including their Champions Cup semi-final in Bordeaux. Northampton's performance was particularly concerning as they were not just beaten but 'unceremoniously flattened' by their rivals.Historical Context and Statistical AnomaliesHistorical stats reveal interesting patterns. The last time Bath lost two consecutive league games under Johann van Graan was in October 2023, when several players were at the World Cup in France. Northampton, meanwhile, have never conceded as many points away against their East Midlands rivals' ground in the league as they did in their recent defeat.Psychological Shift in the Final RoundsThese weekend results have slightly tweaked the psychology around the run-in. While Northampton may have the league's slickest attack, injuries have been affecting their squad depth and their defense has become increasingly porous, with Saints shipping an average of more than 35 points in their past three league games. Leicester, having just put six tries past a Saints side containing numerous England players, will not be apprehensive about facing their old rivals again.Exeter's Momentum and Bath's FatigueExeter's victory over Bath was particularly telling. With a strong wind at their backs, their famed 'Bomb Squad' rumbling on for the last half hour and trailing by only six points entering the final quarter, everything was set up for Bath to pull the trigger. Instead, the Chiefs, playing into the elements, won the last 20 minutes by a margin of 17-0. The simplest explanation appears to be that Bath were mentally and physically exhausted after their European exertions, while Exeter showed greater resilience despite their own recent challenges.Playoff Picture and Potential ScenariosIt still seems most likely that Saints, Bath, Leicester and Exeter will occupy the playoff berths, unless either Bristol Bears or Saracens, finishing strongly, can force their way into contention. The potential matchups are fascinating: a weary, slightly depleted Northampton against a determined Exeter with Leicester hosting Bath rather than vice versa in the other semi-final. There may yet be a significant twist in this season's Premiership tale.

The Artist's Monument to Forgotten WorkersAn air of civilisational wipeout hangs over the Gehrenseestrasse complex, an abandoned housing estate on the north-eastern outskirts of Berlin, where the city still looks shabby without the chic. The insides of the nine prefabricated blocks have long been gutted; six floors of empty window frames stare hollow-eyed over multi-lane carriageways. In the courtyard, paintballers have left behind wooden barricades from when they played at World War III.Yet in one of the second-floor rooms of Berlin's largest ruin, artist Sung Tieu is waltzing across the concrete floor and reliving scenes from her childhood. "Here was the single bed I shared with my mother for three years," she says, pointing into a corner of the small room. "Two metres by 90cm, can you believe it?" There in the corridor is where her neighbours used to make bánh bao dumplings on camping stoves, for lack of private kitchens. "I still remember the smell." Here was the door through which she used to entertain her best friend when his mother locked him in during working hours. "We played cards through the gaps," she recalls with glee.But she also still remembers where neo-Nazis tried to throw molotov cocktails into the building: "They eventually set up a net because the windows kept on getting smashed".The Mosaic Recreation of a Lost CommunityThese days, few people have heard of the Gehrenseestrasse complex, whose last tenants left in 2002. But if Tieu had her say, it would be as essential a stop on the tourist trail as the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag or Checkpoint Charlie. There is, in her view, no place that better tells the story of the Vertragsarbeiter generation – the oft-forgotten workers who were hired on fixed-term contracts from socialist "brother states" in Vietnam, Mozambique, Angola or Cuba to boost the East German economy. "To me, this place is a monument," says Tieu.By the end of this summer, many more people in Germany – and art enthusiasts around the globe – will know about her childhood home. For this year's Venice Biennale, Tieu has clad the German pavilion with a like-for-like replica of the complex's facade, recreating the grey concrete and smudges of graffiti with three million mosaic stones made in Ravenna. She conceived the pavilion in tandem with the artist Henrike Naumann, who died in February from cancer aged only 41.Bureaucracy as Artistic MediumThe woman I meet at a Vietnamese restaurant in Berlin's Lichtenberg district is the antithesis of that exoticised cliche: modest, dressed all in black, analytical in her answers to my questions. She talks me dispassionately through the more experimental food options on the menu, but comes alive when explaining bilateral treaties and labour regulation."I really try to avoid the pure post-migrant diaspora narratives. By focusing on individual experience you can lose sight of the bigger picture. Contracts, state treaties, floorplans – that's what I am interested in. There has to be a certain formal toughness."Looking through her catalogue raisonné you are reminded of Marcel Duchamp. You see an artist dedicating her career to seeking ever more minimalist ways to express the same idea, from Cubist painting to readymade to annotations of chess moves. And in Tieu's case, that big idea is bureaucracy. In 2015, she reprogrammed the scrolling LED displays at a shop inside the Dong Xuan Centre, Berlin's largest Asian market, to display the texts of immigration treaties. For a group show at Berlin's Haus der Kulturen der Welt in 2024, she transcribed by hand documents from the national archives on the East German porcelain industry, authenticating them with her own ornamental stamp. Her website, fittingly, is just a long index of file names and a deadpan biography section: "Sung Tieu is an artist."Childhood Trauma and Artistic Vision"I think it's also a childhood trauma," she says when I ask her where her interest in bureaucracy comes from. "I've had to fill out forms for my mother since I was five, since she didn't speak any German. And by the time I was seven my German was better than hers. Bureaucracy was part of my childhood – I studied politics and administration because I wanted to understand it."Born in 1987 in Hai Duong, northern Vietnam, Tieu moved with her mother to what was by then the formerly socialist East German regions in 1992. They were joining up with her father, who had moved to the GDR five years earlier via a bilateral agreement for factory workers from the socialist republic.Initially announced in the romantic spirit of ideological solidarity, the treaty between the two states soon became a more hard-nosed deal, addressing ongoing labour shortages in East Germany while helping to rebuild a war-ravaged Vietnam, which took a...The Legacy of Forgotten WorkersTechnically there was no racism in the GDR, because it wasn't documented. But of course it always existed. This is the uncomfortable truth that Tieu's installation confronts – the erasure of immigrant experiences in official narratives, even as these workers were essential to East Germany's economy.Through her art, Tieu transforms personal memory into collective history, giving voice to the thousands of contract workers who built East Germany but were never fully acknowledged as part of its society. The Venice Biennale installation, with its meticulous recreation of a housing complex that many would prefer to forget, serves as both memorial and critique – a reminder that the stories of immigrants are integral to understanding modern Germany.The Future of Migration Narratives in ArtAs Europe continues to grapple with questions of migration and identity, artists like Sung Tieu are pioneering new forms of expression that move beyond personal stories to examine the structures and systems that shape immigrant experiences. By focusing on bureaucracy, architecture, and official documents, Tieu creates art that is both deeply personal and universally relevant.The Venice Biennale platform ensures that these often-overlooked histories reach a global audience, challenging visitors to reconsider their understanding of migration, labor, and belonging. As Tieu continues her exploration of these themes, we can expect more installations that transform bureaucratic systems into powerful artistic statements, creating spaces where the voices of the marginalized can be heard and remembered.

The Lead: A Wake-Up Call for Urban Britain When record-breaking temperatures of 40C hit the UK in July 2022, few expected the catastrophic consequences that would unfold in Wennington, a village on the eastern edge of London. What began as a field fire rapidly escalated into a disaster that destroyed 18 homes and exposed the nation's unpreparedness for extreme climate events. This event marked a turning point in understanding how climate change is transforming the UK's wildfire risk profile, shifting from a problem associated with Mediterranean countries to an immediate threat to British communities. The Event Details: The Day London Almost Burned The Wennington fire unfolded with terrifying speed and intensity. Residents Lynn Sabberton and Terry were forced to flee their home with nothing but the clothes they were wearing as police officers kicked down their door to rescue them from the unprecedented heat. The fire had leapt from a nearby field into the heart of the village, catching everyone by surprise. In total, 70 houses were destroyed across the UK that day in 600 separate wildfires – the largest loss of British housing to fire in modern history. The London Fire Brigade (LFB), one of the world's largest firefighting organizations, found itself completely overwhelmed. All 142 fire engines were deployed, and incident commanders made desperate appeals for additional crews, hoses, and water that could not be met. Firefighters faced extreme conditions, with their protective suits becoming so sodden with perspiration that one officer described wearing them as being "a boil-in-the-bag meal where you're literally being cooked." The Data Analysis: Modeling a Catastrophe New research commissioned for the book "The Response" has revealed just how close the UK came to a far more devastating disaster. Dr. Tom Smith, an associate professor in environmental geography at the London School of Economics, used the Canadian wildfire model Prometheus to run simulations of the Wennington fire. His research explored how minor shifts in wind direction could have dramatically altered the outcome. In the worst-case simulation, the fire rapidly spread to destroy 120 homes – a result that made "my hair stand on end," according to Smith. This modeling demonstrates the terrifying potential of urban wildfires in densely populated areas where buildings are constructed close together with flammable materials. The research underscores how relatively small changes in weather conditions could transform a manageable incident into a catastrophe. The Impact Analysis: Changing Perceptions and Preparations The Wennington fire forced a fundamental shift in how the UK perceives and prepares for wildfire threats. Previously considered a problem more relevant to California or southern Europe, the event revealed the nation's vulnerability to extreme climate events. The London Fire Brigade, which had recognized that higher temperatures would increase wildfire risk but had limited experience with actual wildfires, was caught unprepared. In response, the brigade has implemented significant changes. All crews have undergone wildfire training, and a fleet of all-terrain vehicles and specialized equipment, including giant sprinklers, has been purchased. However, the brigade's commissioner has publicly acknowledged that further investment will be needed to meet future wildfire challenges effectively. The event also exposed systemic weaknesses in the UK's approach to climate resilience. Water supplies, including those needed for firefighting, remain in private hands, hampering emergency response. In Wennington, the first crew at the scene was hampered by weak pressure in the mains water supply, highlighting critical infrastructure vulnerabilities. The Prediction: The Future of Wildfires in Urban Britain Experts warn that the Wennington fire could be just the beginning of a new era of urban wildfires in the UK. Sami Goldbrom, a London Fire Brigade group commander who has led research into future threats, expressed concern that the destruction in July 2022 could have been far greater if winds had been stronger. "Think of all the houses so close together, we're so densely populated," he said. "There's nothing to say that the fire couldn't have spread all the way through and where would it stop? And we've got terraces, high-rise buildings, all that flammable cladding. It could so easily have been a second Great Fire of London." As climate change continues to drive higher temperatures and more extreme weather events, the UK must confront the growing threat of wildfires in urban areas. The lessons from Wennington provide a critical opportunity to develop more resilient infrastructure, improve emergency response capabilities, and implement land-use planning that accounts for changing climate risks. Without such measures, the nation risks facing increasingly frequent and destructive wildfires that could overwhelm emergency services and devastate communities.

The Rise of Home Pizza Crafting: From Steel Slabs to High‑End OvensMaking restaurant‑quality pizza at home has become increasingly accessible, with gear ranging from a simple carbon‑steel slab to a $2,800 propane‑fueled outdoor oven. This shift reflects broader consumer interest in gourmet cooking experiences without leaving the kitchen.Benchmarking the Three Tiered Pizza MakersBest budget pizza maker: Baking Steel Original – $129Best mid‑range pizza maker: Ooni Volt 2 Indoor Electric Pizza Oven – $699Best splurge pizza maker: Gozney Dome XL Propane Pizza Oven – $2,800Each unit was tested over several weeks, producing multiple pies to assess crust crispness, heat recovery, and multi‑tasking capability (e.g., baking bread, roasting vegetables).Price‑Performance Breakdown Across the Range$129 Baking Steel: Carbon‑steel slab, excellent heat conductivity, produces a charred crust but requires ~1 hour preheat to 500°F (260°C).$699 Ooni Volt 2: Reaches ~800°F in minutes, delivers consistent Neapolitan‑style pies, and adds versatility for cookies and bagels.$2,800 Gozney Dome XL: Outdoor propane unit, exceeds 800°F, accommodates up to three 12‑inch pizzas, and doubles as a grill for meats and vegetables.While the steel offers the lowest entry cost, the electric oven balances speed and price, and the propane oven provides a restaurant‑grade experience for entertainers.How These Choices Reshape Home Cooking and EntertainingThe availability of high‑performance pizza gear encourages home cooks to experiment beyond traditional pies, turning kitchens into multi‑purpose culinary labs. The mid‑range electric oven bridges the gap for consumers seeking fast, reliable results without the outdoor setup, while premium outdoor ovens appeal to hosts who view pizza making as a centerpiece for gatherings.What’s Next for At‑Home Pizza Technology?Future developments are likely to focus on smarter temperature controls, integrated steam functions, and modular designs that combine indoor convenience with outdoor power. As consumer demand for authentic, fast‑cook experiences grows, manufacturers may introduce hybrid models that deliver oven‑level heat in compact countertop footprints.

The Lead: Europe's Defense AwakeningIn a small workshop in England's East Midlands, engineers at the British startup Skycutter are designing weapons for Ukraine. The swarms of cheap, deadly and often autonomous drones deployed in that war have already changed combat completely, forcing European militaries to scramble to catch up in a drive to spend billions on weaponry. This push comes with added pressure from Donald Trump's wavering on the Nato alliance and the US president's insistence that members increase defence budgets.The New Arms Race: Survivable vs. Attritable WeaponsMilitaries do not believe they can totally dispense with people or heavier machinery such as tanks, artillery and ships. But a big chunk of the planned spending will go on drones of various sizes, whether for the air, land, sea or below the waves. Gen Sir Roly Walker, the UK's chief of the general staff, last year said he wanted the forces' equipment to be 20% "survivable" (because they have people inside), 40% "attritable" (you aren't too worried if they're destroyed), and 40% "consumable" (single use).The growing feeling across Europe is that "we should be able to stand up on our own two feet," according to one person at a fast-growing weapons startup. "Sovereignty is about control. If you buy things off the shelf from elsewhere you are always ceding some control." That applies to parts and materials as well. The UK is consulting on how much needs to come from Britain for a product to be sovereign. Manufacturers cannot necessarily rely on parts and materials from various countries who could become adversaries – notably China.The Financial Surge: €800 Billion and CountingThe EU has responded by promising to spend €800bn on defence over four years. The UK has also pledged to put aside more, with Keir Starmer likely to come under pressure to show progress after Labour's heavy losses in recent elections. A crop of well-funded startups are gaining momentum and expanding production, making big promises – many still unproven – that they can do a better job than traditional manufacturers and Silicon Valley rivals.European defence tech unicorns include Helsing, a German company backed by the Spotify founder Daniel Ek, and the German drone makers Quantum Systems and Stark Defence. Stark and Helsing recently won orders from Germany's military for attack drones, while all but Quantum are investing in UK factories. The British missile maker Cambridge Aerospace – controversially chaired by the former defence secretary Grant Shapps – is reportedly also close to joining the billion-dollar ranks.Geopolitical Shifts: Redefining European Defence PostureThe unsettling combination of Trump and war on the doorstep has sharpened long-running criticism that the continent has relied too much on US weapons makers. "A lot of supply chain diversification dreams have evaporated," says Kusti Salm, a former Estonian defence mandarin turned chief executive of the anti-drone missile startup Frankenburg. "I think it's natural if Europe wants to sustain its prosperity and freedom."Ricardo Mendes, chief executive of the drone maker Tekever, says the advent of unmanned aerial vehicles has prompted "a radical transformation in how defence technology is built", with companies betting on future demand for kit rather than locking in long-term contracts before starting. Tekever, which Mendes co-founded in Portugal in 2001, reached a billion-dollar "unicorn" valuation last year, and has 1,200 people, including new factories in the UK's drone cluster in Swindon, Wiltshire, and another in Cahors, south-west France.The Future Outlook: European Defence Innovation EcosystemUS rival unicorns include the drone maker Shield AI, the autonomous boat company Saronic Technologies, and the anti-drone weapons company Epirus. But two companies with names taken from JRR Tolkien's Lord of the Rings lead the American pack: the software company Palantir and the autonomous weapons maker Anduril. Both are making significant inroads into Europe, particularly the UK, but that expansion is coming under scrutiny as European politicians balk at their stridently pro-Trump backers.Palantir was backed by the billionaire Trump donor Peter Thiel. Thiel, a vocal critic of liberal democracies, has also backed Stark, which has raised concerns in Germany, though Stark says Thiel has no direct operational or strategic influence. Palantir's chief executive, Alex Karp, has repeatedly extolled American dominance, while Anduril is run by 33-year-old Palmer Luckey, who has personally hosted a Trump fundraiser and has cultivated close ties with the administration.As Europe pours billions into defense technology and sovereignty, the landscape of global defense manufacturing is being reshaped. The coming years will determine whether European startups can deliver on their promises and establish a sustainable defense ecosystem independent of traditional suppliers and geopolitical dependencies.