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A new large‑scale randomized trial presented at the European Congress on Obesity in Istanbul indicates that the oral GLP‑1 antagonist orforglipron can help patients retain the majority of weight lost with injectable therapies such as tirzepatide (Mounjaro) and semaglutide (Wegovy).Trial Shows Oral Orforglipron Preserves Most Weight After Switching from InjectablesThe study, funded by Eli Lilly, followed 376 US patients who had been on tirzepatide or semaglutide injections for 72 weeks and then randomized them to a daily orforglipron tablet or placebo for an additional year.Participants were previously on weekly GLP‑1 jabs that typically produce 15‑20% body‑weight loss.After the injection phase, subjects were switched to oral therapy or placebo for 12 months.Primary endpoint: proportion of weight loss retained at 12 months.Quantitative Outcomes: 75% vs 49% Retention for Tirzepatide Users, 80% vs 38% for Semaglutide UsersWeight‑loss maintenance differed markedly between the pill and placebo groups:Tirzepatide cohort: 75% of lost weight retained with orforglipron vs 49% with placebo.Semaglutide cohort: 80% retained with the pill vs 38% with placebo.Secondary benefits—blood pressure, cholesterol, and glycaemic control—were also sustained in the pill arm.Implications for Obesity Management and Healthcare CostsExperts highlighted the broader significance:Dr Louis Aronne (Weill Cornell Medicine) emphasized that treating obesity directly can simultaneously improve glucose, lipid, and blood‑pressure metrics.Dr Marie Spreckley (University of Cambridge) noted patient preference for oral therapy due to convenience, storage, and lower cost.Dr Simon Cork (Anglia Ruskin University) warned that injectable GLP‑1 drugs, while highly effective, are expensive and limit long‑term accessibility for both private payers and the NHS.The findings suggest a potential shift toward oral agents that maintain efficacy while reducing financial and logistical burdens.Future Outlook: Oral GLP‑1 Therapies Could Redefine Chronic Obesity CareIf further trials confirm these results, orforglipron could become a cornerstone of chronic obesity management, enabling earlier intervention (BMI 25‑27) and possibly preventing progression to severe obesity.Regulators and payers will likely scrutinize cost‑effectiveness models, but the prospect of a cheap, daily tablet that sustains weight loss may reshape treatment algorithms worldwide.

The Clash Over AI in Garden Design The Chelsea Flower Show, a prestigious event in the gardening world, has become a platform for a heated debate over the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in garden design. This year's show, held at the Royal Hospital gardens in Chelsea, London, features a garden designed entirely by AI, sparking concerns among horticulturalists that their work could be automated. The Role of AI in Garden Design Matt Keightley, an award-winning designer who has created gardens for figures including Prince Harry, is using AI to design his garden for the show. He is launching a new app, Spacelift, which can replicate the work of garden designers and create spaces from scratch. Keightley believes that AI can give people a starting point and the confidence to create their own gardens. The Concerns of Horticulturalists Horticulturalists have expressed alarm that their work could be automated in this way. Andrew Duff, the chair of the Society of Garden and Landscape Designers, argues that successful garden design is an art form that requires creativity, collaboration, experience, and human connection. He believes that AI cannot replicate the insight, empathy, and personal engagement that comes from working with a skilled garden designer. The Future of Garden Design The use of AI in garden design raises questions about the future of the industry. While some designers see AI as a useful tool, others are concerned that it could replace human designers. Tom Massey, a Chelsea gold medallist, believes that AI-designed gardens would be inferior because they lack the physical body and interaction with a natural space that a human designer can provide. The Impact on the Industry The debate over AI in garden design has significant implications for the industry. As AI technology continues to evolve, it is likely to change the way gardens are designed and created. While some designers see AI as a threat, others believe that it could be a valuable tool that expands the market for garden design. The Prediction As the use of AI in garden design becomes more prevalent, it is likely that we will see a shift in the way gardens are designed and created. While AI may not replace human designers entirely, it is likely to play an increasingly important role in the design process. The industry will need to adapt to these changes and find ways to work with AI in a way that benefits both designers and clients.

Overview: Racing Faces Green Party PressureThe Green Party’s record-breaking results in the latest elections have prompted leader Zack Polanski to declare two-party politics “dead and buried”, while betting firm Ladbrokes cut odds on a Green majority to 28-1. This political momentum is now being directed at horse racing, the UK’s second-biggest spectator sport.Green Party’s Electoral Surge Fuels Calls for Racing ReformMP Hannah Spencer (Gorton and Denton) called for “a conversation about racing” after two fatal injuries at the Grand National meeting, echoing Polanski’s 2024 proposal to remove “all animals involved in sport”.Betting Odds Highlight Political MomentumOdds for Greens winning most seats: 12-1Odds for a Green overall majority: 28-1Economic and Cultural Stakes of Horse RacingIndustry value: £4 bn per year (British Horse Racing Authority)Employment: about 80,000 jobsAnnual ticket sales: nearly 5 m ticketsFatal injury rate on the Flat: 1 in 1,000 startsFatal injury rate over jumps: 5 in 1,000 startsThese figures contrast with the millions of mammals killed for meat annually, underscoring the sport’s relatively low animal-loss rate.Future Outlook for Racing Amid Political ScrutinyThe author argues that racing will likely persist for centuries, but stresses the need for the sport to continuously demonstrate welfare improvements. A pre-election “conversation” could clarify the Greens’ policy stance, allowing fans and professionals to assess voting decisions.

Executive Overview: Syringe‑Smuggled Ants in NairobiThe Guardian article reveals that Nairobi is emerging as a nexus for the illegal trade of giant harvester ants, which are being hidden inside medical syringes to evade detection. This unconventional smuggling method highlights a growing challenge at the intersection of wildlife trafficking and public‑health safety.How Syringes Enable the Giant Harvester Ant TradeAccording to the report, traffickers exploit the small, sealed nature of syringes to conceal live ants during transport. The method allows large numbers of insects to be moved discreetly through customs and local markets, bypassing traditional inspection procedures.Scale of the Illicit Ant MarketWhile precise figures are not disclosed, the article notes a noticeable increase in seizures and police investigations related to ant smuggling in Nairobi.Local markets are reportedly offering the insects for purposes ranging from traditional medicine to exotic pet trade.Implications for Public Health and BiodiversityThe practice poses dual risks: the potential spread of ant‑borne pathogens to humans, and the ecological impact of removing a keystone species from its native habitats. Kenyan authorities are urged to strengthen bio‑security protocols to mitigate these threats.Future Outlook: Regulation and EnforcementExperts cited in the Guardian piece suggest that tighter customs inspections, public awareness campaigns, and regional cooperation will be essential to curb the syringe‑based trafficking network. Ongoing monitoring will determine whether Nairobi can shift from a trafficking hub to a model for effective wildlife‑trade enforcement.

First Ascent: The Allure of Carn Ffoi’s Jagged EdgeThe Guardian’s Country Diary captures a solitary climber’s obsession with a dark, looming rock outcrop on the brow of a Pembrokeshire hill. From a modest “home away from home,” the author watches the storm‑washed landscape settle, the wind drying the volcanic stone and setting the stage for a daring bouldering session.On‑Ground Details: Route‑Finding Without a GuidebookWithout a phone or detailed topos, the climber relies on a hand‑drawn booklet of routes that proves indecipherable. Instead, he scouts a potential line on the lee side of the boulder, warms his fingers, and visualises the climb in his mind before committing to the overhanging block.Physical Metrics: Climb Length, Elevation Gain, and Weather ConditionsClimb height: approximately 4‑5 metres of vertical gain.Elevation gain from base to summit: ~12 m above sea level.Wind: post‑storm gusts around 15‑20 km/h, drying the rock surface.Temperature: mild coastal chill, roughly 12 °C.Why This Matters: Highlighting Remote Coastal Climbing in WalesThe piece underscores a growing niche of climbers seeking untouched tors along the Welsh coast. The volcanic geology offers a texture “rough as old bark,” while the surrounding landscape—sandy Trefdraeth Bay, gorse scrub, and distant fishing boats—provides a dramatic backdrop that differentiates these sites from inland crags.Looking Ahead: Future Exploration of Pembrokeshire’s TorsAfter topping the boulder, the author spots a freshly‑moulted adder, a reminder of the area’s rich biodiversity. The encounter, combined with the panoramic sea view, suggests that Pembrokeshire’s tors will continue to attract adventurous climbers and nature enthusiasts alike, encouraging more detailed route documentation and sustainable access initiatives.

The World's Longest Football DerbyCarlisle and Barrow will play each other next season in the Cumbrian derby in the National League. The clubs are located at opposite ends of Cumbria and the distance between the two grounds is some 78 miles by car. But this is not the greatest distance between two teams involved in a 'derby'.When considering derbies, we are looking for matches between teams that are linked based upon their proximity or geography, rather than simply historical rivalries like the 'clásico' between Real Madrid and Barcelona.UK Derbies: The Cumbrian ContenderWithin the UK, the Cumbrian derby certainly looks the furthest derby by distance. If we are staying in England, the closest we can get to 78 miles is the A49 derby between Shrewsbury Town and Hereford United, separated by 51 miles, although it should be said that the two teams have not met since the latter was dissolved in 2014.In England, thoughts immediately go to Crystal Palace and Brighton, dubbed the M23 derby, but a quick search reveals that Selhurst Park is a mere 46 miles from the Amex Stadium. It is also 46 miles that separate the stadiums of Plymouth Argyle and Exeter City, the Devon derby. Just behind are Ipswich and Norwich – the East Anglian derby (AKA El Tractico or the Old Farm) – with Portman Road and Carrow Road 45 miles apart.International Long-Distance DerbiesFarther afield, we must mention the derby between Persib Bandung and Persija Jakarta, who take part in the Indonesia derby, or Laga Klasikal as it is locally known, with Persib's Gelora Bandung Lautan Api Stadium lying 108 miles away from Persija's Jakarta International Stadium in Indonesia's capital.Italy is fertile ground for a host of famous derbies, and it is here that we find some of the longest-distance derbies. Of course there is the Derby d'Italia between Milan and Juventus, with 85 miles separating San Siro and Juve's Allianz Arena in Italy's north-west. The Derby di Sicilia between Palermo and Catania spans a whopping 134 miles across the breadth of Sicily, while the Derby delle Isole (Derby of the Islands) between Palermo and Sardinian club Cagliari goes even further – a full 250 miles across the Tyrrhenian Sea.The Champion: New Zealand's 386-Mile DerbyOur winner, though, comes from New Zealand's North Island. With Auckland FC only entering the A-League Men in 2024-25, the New Zealand derby between themselves and Wellington Phoenix is still very much in its infancy but has already blossomed into something substantial. In February, just the sixth edition of the derby, a comical own goal from Wellington goalkeeper Josh Oluwayemi sparked a 5-0 thrashing by Auckland, prompting Phoenix coach Giancarlo Italiano to resign immediately after the defeat. With 386 miles between the two grounds, the NZD is our clear winner.The Evolution of Geographic DerbiesThe existence of such long-distance derbies challenges our traditional understanding of what constitutes a local rivalry. In an era where football has become increasingly globalized, these geographic matchups represent unique connections between communities separated by vast distances. The New Zealand derby, in particular, showcases how even in a country with a relatively small population, football can create intense rivalries across significant geographical divides.The Future of Long-Distance DerbiesAs football continues to evolve, we may see more long-distance derbies emerge, particularly in regions with expanding leagues or where new clubs are formed to serve underserved areas. The New Zealand derby between Auckland and Wellington Phoenix is a prime example of how modern football infrastructure and scheduling can create meaningful rivalries regardless of distance. With the increasing popularity of travel and fan engagement, these long-distance derbies may become even more significant in the future of football culture.Double Winners in FootballDeji Elerewe has won the title with both Bromley (League Two) and Lincoln (League One) this season. Has any other player managed the same feat?We covered this answer 10 years ago in a previous Knowledge, but regular contributor Dirk Maas has come in clutch with some additions, although he does clarify that he has limited his search to the top five leagues in Europe in this century.There are several examples of players winning titles with different teams in the same season, including:Jonas Urbig with Köln (2. Bundesliga) and Bayern Munich (Bundesliga) in 2024-25Leigh Griffiths with Celtic (Scottish Premiership) and Wolverhampton (League One) in 2013-14Urby Emanuelson with Ajax and Milan in 2010-11Daniel Amartey with Leicester City and FC Copenhagen in 2015-16Timothy Weah with Paris Saint-Germain and Celtic in 2018-19Khvicha Kvaratskhelia with Napoli and PSG in 2024-25There are also alternative cases where seasons happen at different times of year, such as David Beckham achieving this by picking up an MLS winner's medal with LA Galaxy and a Ligue 1 winner's medal with Paris Saint-Germain in 2012-13.

The Diplomatic Visit Former US President Donald Trump has embarked on a diplomatic visit to China with a group of tech leaders. The trip has garnered significant attention and sparked interest in a potential new era of US-China relations. The Implications of the Trip The visit has raised questions about the implications for global politics and technology. As the world grapples with issues of trade, security, and innovation, the interactions between the US and China will have far-reaching consequences. The Future of US-China Relations The trip has set the stage for a new chapter in US-China relations. As both nations navigate complex issues, the world will be watching closely to see how their relationship evolves. The Role of Technology The involvement of tech leaders in the trip has highlighted the critical role of technology in shaping global politics and economies. The intersection of technology and diplomacy will likely continue to be a key area of focus in the years to come. The Global Impact The implications of Trump's trip to China will extend far beyond the US and China. As the global community grapples with issues of trade, security, and innovation, the interactions between these two nations will have a profound impact on the world order.

A Novel of Female Defiance"Yes, you will leave this place," the chorus of child protagonists in a community of sex workers say at the start of Tahmima Anam's incantatory and fiery new novel of female defiance, Uprising. "This story will save your life," we were told three times in Deepa Anappara's 2020 debut, also featuring precarious children dwelling in the margins. What is the distance between imagination and action, lived realities and dreams? How can solidarities be forged in such circumstances? Uprising holds within its pages some answers and a deep conviction – for a better life, a more just world – and then reaches out and fights for it.The Island Community and Its OppressionAs a journalist, Anam visited the infamous "floating brothel" Banishanta in Bangladesh; her new novel, set on an isolated island "at the end of the country, in the middle of a river that emptied into the sea", fictionalises the island's community and ecological precarity. Here, a generation of daughters grow up watching their mothers trapped in sex work – "we knew that the work was something that was paid for in money, and also in bodies" – and wish a different life for themselves. The women are controlled by the cruel Amma, who was once herself sold into sex trafficking. The victim becomes the perpetrator – and the children are discerning enough to know that their mothers are "not here because they had done something bad, but because something bad had been done to them". The first lesson of the island? No one is coming to save you – and living here changes you, as inexorably as the rising tides.The island is a prison. The mothers are ghosts of their former selves. The children, witnessing the "sexing", are all too grown up, stripped of their innocence. By the time they are born, their mothers' memories have faded "like paint in the sun"; they live on the island "tied to" their daughters. What, or who, will it take to break free from these chains?Feminism and Climate Crisis in LiteratureWhen the waters rise, customers stay away. The mothers speculate: "the swirling river was keeping the smaller boats from making the journey"; "the land was cursed". In a last-ditch attempt to lure men back for business, Amma sends for a new girl. Little does she know that Kusum Khan's arrival will signal the beginning of the end. A girl from the city with a history of participating in protests against the Dictator, she doesn't acquiesce to the island's rules, as the others have been conditioned to; instead, she sows the seeds for what will grow into a life-altering act of resistance. The children start to believe that she is their saviour – maybe even Bon Bibi, a legendary guardian of the forest. A different life seems graspable, just beyond the island's shore. When the titular uprising at last arrives, it summons an all-consuming storm, washing over the island. And the reader, too, is ready to join the revolution – their fist in the open air.Uprising is a feminist novel ("here they were: a wall of women") and a protest novel ("The moment Kusum entered the protest, she felt as if she was becoming a small organ in a living, breathing thing"). It is a coming-of-age novel, and a response to the climate crisis; a story of sisterhood protecting, and failing to protect; of structural inequality and the rotten core of patriarchal corruption; of unlucky women in an unfair world. "When the men came to reclaim the island, we stood rooted in place with our eyes closed, unable to watch. We stood rooted in place with our eyes open, unable to stop watching." While the mothers and daughters in Anam's fictional world are victims of specific generational violence, this observation can be applied to humanity at large: we are all watching – frozen, complicit – as injustices rise the world over.The Power of Rage and Radical HopeThrough her unwaveringly political and unflinchingly forthright novel, Anam shows the power of rage and radical hope. A new world can burn bright from the fires of injustice – and here, it's the mothers that hold the match.

Executive Summary: Labour’s Leadership Crisis DeepensThe Guardian column highlights how recent local election defeats have pushed Labour MPs toward demanding Keir Starmer's removal, yet the author insists the party needs a robust battle of ideas rather than a frantic scramble for the premiership.Local Election Fallout Triggers Backbench DissentCatastrophic results in the May 2026 local and devolved ballots provided concrete evidence that Labour is heading toward "electoral oblivion." A growing cohort of MPs believes the trajectory will not improve without a change in leadership, intensifying calls for a challenge to Starmer.Absence of Quantitative Data Limits Financial Impact AssessmentThe article does not present specific polling numbers or fiscal figures, so a precise financial impact cannot be calculated. The lack of hard data underscores the reliance on qualitative judgments about voter sentiment and party morale.Implications for Labour’s Electoral Prospects and Party UnityPolicy vacuum: Starmer’s pragmatic but vague messaging has left the party without a clear programme, eroding voter confidence.Factional tension: Efforts to purge the "Corbyn legacy" have been perceived as monolithic, alienating the party’s left wing.Communication breakdown: Repeated U‑turns and unclear immigration and fiscal policies have weakened the party’s narrative.These factors combine to threaten Labour’s ability to present a coherent alternative to the Conservatives, risking further electoral decline.Outlook: Potential Leadership Contest and Strategic ReorientationIf Starmer refuses to acknowledge his role in the party’s malaise, pressure for a leadership contest will likely intensify. A credible challenger would need to articulate a detailed policy platform that moves beyond incremental change, offering voters a distinct vision for post‑Brexit Britain.