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The Discovery of a Deep-Sea Whale Graveyard The oldest, deepest and most extensive whale graveyard yet discovered has been found in the south-eastern Indian Ocean, with fossils dating back more than 5m years. Unprecedented Depth and Extent Whale falls – the term for dead whales that sink to the ocean floor – are not uncommon, but most have been found at depths of less than 4km (2.5 miles). By contrast, the newly discovered necropolis reaches depths of more than 7km, and extends hundreds of miles across the sea floor. Teeming with Life What’s more, researchers found decaying carcasses teeming with life. Dr Giovanni Bianucci, a co-author of the study based at the University of Pisa, said: “This discovery demonstrates that these extreme and unexplored environments are home to species and ecosystems still unknown to science, and that we are therefore still far from understanding the true biodiversity of our planet. “Furthermore, it shows us that life can adapt and evolve even in extreme environments where light is absent and pressure is extremely high.” He added that the study also provided unique information on creatures including the “mysterious and elusive” beaked whales. The Research and Findings A team of researchers based in China, Italy and New Zealand used a submersible to explore an area of trenches and ridges in the south-eastern Indian Ocean, known as the Diamantina fracture zone. This formed between 60m and 50m years ago as the Australian and Antarctic continents drew apart. The team, whose study was published in the journal Nature, discovered whale fossils at depths of up to 7,002  metres – near the deepest point of the Diamantina fracture zone. They subsequently carried out 32 dives to the sea floor, finding 485 whale-fossil sites, as well as five modern natural whale falls in an advanced stage of decomposition. Significance and Future Exploration Stephen J Godfrey of the Calvert Marine Museum in the US described the graveyard as “a truly unique discovery”, saying the site could yield many more exciting finds. “[The research] reminded me of a trailer for the first in a series of epic movies,” he wrote. Jon Copley, a professor of ocean exploration and science communication at the University of Southampton, who was not involved in the work, said: “It’s an exciting and rare discovery – not only the world’s deepest known ‘whale-fall’ colony of deep sea animals, but also such an abundance of modern whale skeletons and fossils in this particular location.”

The Birth of Niteshift Niteshift, an AI coding agent startup, has emerged with a $7 million seed round led by Greylock's Jerry Chen. The company, founded by two former early Datadog engineers, Sajid Mehmood and Conor Branagan, aims to challenge the dominance of big AI models like OpenAI and Anthropic in the coding space. The Problem with Big AI Lock-in Mehmood and Branagan argue that companies shouldn't trust their sensitive assets, such as code, directly to model makers like OpenAI and Anthropic, as these companies are constantly launching competing apps. This concern is likened to the 'retail apocalypse' where Amazon's aggressive expansion put many retail stores out of business. The SaaSpocalypse and Niteshift's Solution The AI equivalent of this phenomenon is already underway, with Anthropic, OpenAI, and others moving fast into vertical software markets. Niteshift's solution is to offer a platform that separates the coding model from the orchestration needed to ensure AI-generated code is properly vetted and maintained. This approach allows companies to switch between different models, including GPT and Claude, based on project needs. The Business Model and Market Competition Niteshift sells infrastructure, charging like a cloud provider with per-minute usage rates, rather than selling tokens or labor replacement intelligence. The startup is entering a crowded market, competing with Cursor, Cognition, Amazon Bedrock, and OpenRouter, among others. Mehmood's confidence in Niteshift's success lies in the founding team's depth, having lived through the growing pains of scaling Datadog. The Future Outlook As the AI landscape continues to evolve, Niteshift's bet is that companies will increasingly seek infrastructure that offers model independence and flexibility. With its unique approach and experienced founding team, Niteshift aims to carve out a niche in the AI coding space and challenge the dominance of big AI players.

The Lead SpaceX is set to go public with a $75 billion stock offering that is reportedly deeply over-subscribed. Despite concerns about the company's financials and Elon Musk's erratic behavior, investors are eager to bet on his vision for a future where space data centers enable advanced AI capabilities. SpaceX's Three Hard-Tech Moonshots At the heart of SpaceX's ambitious plans are three significant technical challenges: A reusable rocket, specifically the Starship program, which is crucial for economically putting chips in orbit. A brand-new American chip foundry, known as Terafab, which will be essential for scaling up AI compute production. A sprint to build satellites faster than ever before, with plans to produce 6,666 satellites a year. The Data Analysis Financial analyses by Morningstar and Aswath Damodaran suggest that SpaceX is significantly overvalued at nearly $1.8 trillion. Morningstar assigns a value of about $825 billion, while Damodaran suggests the company is worth $1.2 trillion. The Impact Analysis The company's AI business, which includes enterprise AI and satellite internet, presents both high margins and significant uncertainty. SpaceX's plans to offer compute services to companies like Anthropic and Google raise questions about where value will accrue in the AI tech stack. The Prediction Success in these ambitious projects could make SpaceX a near-monopoly on access to space in the U.S. and Europe, as well as a leader in the AI infrastructure space. However, the challenges are substantial, and the company's ability to deliver on these promises remains to be seen.

Everton Football Club has been ordered by a Premier League Independent Disciplinary Commission to compensate Burnley FC almost £40 million for a profit‑and‑sustainability‑rules breach that contributed to Burnley’s 2021‑22 relegation. Everton Ordered to Pay Nearly £40m to Burnley Over PSR Breach The commission, the same three‑man panel that previously deducted Everton ten points in November 2023, concluded that the breach of Premier League financial rules gave Everton an unlawful sporting advantage. Burnley sued after being relegated to the Championship at the end of the 2021‑22 season. June 2022: Alleged PSR breach period ends. November 2023: Everton initially penalised with a ten‑point deduction. Appeal: Point deduction reduced to six points. June 2026: Independent Disciplinary Commission orders compensation of nearly £40 million. Financial Stakes: The £40m Compensation Figure The ruling mandates a payment “nearly £40 million”, a figure that eclipses typical Premier League fines and reflects the estimated financial loss Burnley suffered from relegation. The amount also underscores the league’s ability to enforce monetary redress under its rules that allow clubs to seek compensation from rule‑breaking rivals. Implications for Premier League Governance and Club Litigation This decision sets a precedent that financial‑rule breaches can trigger direct compensation claims, not just point deductions. It may encourage other relegated clubs to pursue legal action, prompting the Premier League to tighten monitoring of profit‑and‑sustainability compliance and potentially revise its compensation framework. What’s Next? Appeals, Precedent, and Future Club Strategies Everton has announced an appeal, arguing the ruling is “fundamentally flawed in both law and fact”. If the appeal succeeds, the compensation could be reduced or overturned, but a upheld decision would cement a new legal pathway for clubs. In the longer term, clubs are likely to invest more heavily in compliance teams and may lobby for clearer guidance on PSR calculations to avoid similar costly disputes.

The Rise of the Dark Horses Every World Cup needs a dark horse: the team that nobody quite planned for that disrupts the natural order and is remembered more vividly than the finalists. Morocco did it in 2022, beating Spain and Portugal on their way to becoming the first African side to reach the semi-finals. Croatia produced a fairytale run to the final in 2018. Costa Rica topped a group that featured three former champions – England, Italy and Uruguay – in 2014 before eventually losing to the Netherlands on penalties in the quarter-finals. And South Korea, who had never won a match at a World Cup, went all the way to the semi-finals in 2002. Ecuador's Strong Defense A defence featuring two Champions League finalists, a 15-game unbeaten streak, and second place in South American qualifying. Ecuador have a great chance to go further than ever before at the World Cup – their last-16 exit at the 2006 tournament in Germany. A new generation of players – led by Moisés Caicedo, Piero Hincapié and Willian Pacho, under the guidance of manager Sebastián Beccacece – have turned Ecuador into one of the hardest teams to break down in world football. Japan's Growing Belief The round of 16 has haunted Japan at World Cups. Four times they have reached the knockout stages and four times their journey has ended there. Japan hold the record for most World Cup matches played without ever reaching the quarter-finals (25). However, this team has been refined over years. Thirteen players from the squad that topped a group featuring Spain, Germany and Costa Rica in 2022 are back, bringing experience and a shared understanding of what it takes to compete on the big stage. Norway's Formidable Attack When Norway last played at a World Cup, in 1998, only nine of the 26 players in this squad had been born. The current generation have ended the country’s long wait and they are not just making up the numbers. Headlined by Erling Haaland and Martin Ødegaard, Norway arrive in North America with wind in their sails. Ståle Solbakken’s side stormed through qualifying, becoming one of only two European teams – alongside England – to win every match.

The Acquisition Deal Warner Music Group (WMG) announced on Wednesday that it’s acquiring AI attribution startup Sureel AI. Sureel’s patented technology creates “AI DNA” for songs and breaks them down into component parts to trace how AI models use those elements. Enhancing Intellectual Property Protection Through the acquisition, WMG aims to better track when its artists’ and songwriters’ work is used in AI-generated content or for training AI models. “Bringing Sureel into WMG strengthens our capability for protection, control and monetization and ensures that the creative community remains in control of its intellectual property, name, image, likeness, and voice,” said WMG chief executive Robert Kyncl in the press release. Financial Terms and Future Operations The financial terms of the deal were not disclosed. Sureel will continue to operate as a stand-alone platform serving the broader music and AI ecosystem, WMG says. Sureel's Technology and Mission Founded in 2022, Sureel also offers intellectual property provenance, audit and compliance reporting, model optimization, and AI business intelligence. The startup also has a name, image, and likeness (NIL) attribution suite to track how artist voices, likenesses, and performance identities are used in AI training and generation. This includes voice clones, AI-generated avatars, and style replication. Industry Implications and Future Outlook “Rightsholders deserve to know how AI interacts with their work, and to share fairly in the value it creates,” Sureel founder and chief executive Tamay Aykut said in remarks. “Sureel was built to make that possible, and with WMG’s backing, we can deliver on our mission at scale, building a more transparent and fair future and driving value growth for the whole music and entertainment ecosystem.” The Road Ahead for WMG and AI in Music WMG has embraced AI after initially opposing it, as the company originally sued music-generation startup Suno in 2024 and later signed a licensing deal with the company last year. WMG said at the time that artists and songwriters would have full control over whether and how their names, images, likenesses, voices, and compositions are used in new AI-generated music. It’s worth noting that Sony Music Entertainment and Universal Music Group are still pursuing massive copyright infringement claims against the AI music startup. WMG last year also settled its lawsuit against AI music startup Udio and reached a licensing deal with the company.

The Focal Point of USMNT's AttackFolarin Balogun has established himself as the undeniable focal point of the United States Men's National Team (USMNT) ahead of the World Cup, delivering sharp movement and clinical finishing despite inconsistent service.Balogun's Ligue 1 Form and International TransitionThe 24-year-old striker, who was born in New York but raised in London, chose to represent the US over England and Nigeria. This past season, he finished fourth in Ligue 1 scoring with 13 goals, priming him for an emergent World Cup on home soil.Consistent minutes in friendlies against World Cup teams.High marks in movement and hold-up play according to captain Tim Ream.Quantifying the Threat: Touches and EfficiencyBalogun has played at least 45 minutes in six of the United States’ 10 friendlies since last summer's Gold Cup. His data reveals a high level of involvement:26.4 touches per 90 in these games.24.1% of touches occurred in the opposition box.High involvement against Japan (9 touches), Ecuador (8), and Senegal (6).Even in a low-touch game against Paraguay (15 touches in 75 minutes), he made them pay with a crucial goal.Tactical Implications of Balogun's IsolationThe USMNT is experimenting with a left-channel buildup led by Antonee Robinson and Christian Pulisic, which can leave Balogun isolated in the central third against Germany. However, his mobility is a vital asset; he drags center-backs out of position, creating openings for teammates to sprint into wide breaks.World Cup Readiness and Tactical OutlookWhile the team works on central buildup, Balogun backs himself to make the most of the service he receives. His performance against Paraguay demonstrated that he can punish scraps of possession. As the USMNT faces high-stakes games, getting the team's most in-form forward his shooting looks is mandatory.

The Incident and Its Aftermath Ben Stokes, the regular captain of the England cricket team, and Gus Atkinson have been omitted from the squad for the second Test against New Zealand. This decision comes after both players were involved in a nightclub incident that resulted in a breach of the team's curfew following their victory in the first Test of the series on Sunday. Stokes' Future Under Scrutiny Stokes, who is also the team's full-time captain, is taking time to consider his future. This incident has reignited discussions about the perceived unprofessional culture within the England cricket team. On Wednesday, Stokes was in meetings with his agent and advisers to discuss the implications of this incident. The Data Analysis Ben Stokes and Gus Atkinson will miss the second Test. Joe Root will lead the team as interim captain. England will be without three of their four leading wicket-takers over the last two years. The Impact Analysis The absence of Stokes and Atkinson, combined with Brydon Carse's ongoing hand injury, poses a significant challenge for England. The team is likely to include two seamers, with potential debutants Sonny Baker and Jofra Archer being strong contenders. Surrey's Matthew Fisher is also part of the squad. The Prediction England's coach, Brendon McCullum, faces a dilemma in deciding whether to bolster the batting or the bowling. This might involve leaving out Shoaib Bashir, who played in the first Test but did not bowl. Somerset's James Rew and Essex's Jordan Cox are likely to be considered for the team.

The Summer Reading ChallengeSummer is here, which means lazy days at the beach or the pool with a great book by your side. The Guardian is inviting readers to share their favorite beach reads for the upcoming season, creating a collective guide to perfect holiday reading.What Makes a Great Beach Read?We would love to hear from people about their favourite beach reads. What books have you loved reading on holiday? What are the page turners that you keep returning to every summer and always recommend to friends? We would love to hear what books these are and why they make a great beach read.Share Your RecommendationsYou can tell us your favourite beach reads using this form. The Guardian is collecting responses from readers across the country to create a comprehensive guide to summer reading. Your responses, which can be anonymous, are secure as the form is encrypted and only The Guardian has access to your contributions.How to ParticipateTo share your beach read recommendations, simply fill out the form provided. You'll need to share your name, location, and tell us about yourself. Most importantly, you'll need to describe your favorite books to take on holiday and explain why they make perfect beach reads. You can also choose to upload a photo of yourself and indicate whether you're comfortable with your response being published.The Guardian's Summer Reading InitiativeBy collecting these recommendations, The Guardian aims to create a diverse collection of beach reads that cater to different tastes and preferences. Whether you enjoy light fiction, gripping thrillers, informative non-fiction, or poetry that captures the essence of summer, your recommendations will help fellow readers discover their perfect holiday companion.