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The Rise of Nigeria's Digital Herbal Marketplace In Abuja, Nigeria, Oke Bola thought a fertility supplement she found online might help her conceive. Instead, within days of taking it, she struggled to breathe. Her experience reflects a growing online trade in unverified herbal remedies promoted across social media platforms. Bola, who is in her early 40s and has never had children, bought the supplement earlier this year and increased the recommended dosage, hoping for quicker results after hearing about it from friends and family. "I recognised the symptoms of asthma; the wheezing sound at night was familiar," she told Al Jazeera. "When I checked online, I realised it could be from the herbal medication." Her experience is not isolated. Across Nigeria, doctors and pharmacists report a surge in social media-driven self-medication, particularly involving unverified herbal products. This trend is worsening health outcomes, delaying treatment, and adding pressure to an already strained healthcare system serving about 230 million people. Nigeria's young, hyperconnected population increasingly uses digital platforms for health information and advice. But that access has also created what Dr Isaac Kolawole and Dr Fidelis describe as an "algorithmic apothecary" – an unregulated online marketplace where influencers and anonymous sellers promote remedies directly to consumers with little or no scientific backing. Health Impacts of Unverified Herbal Remedies Within this ecosystem, herbal remedies, long part of Nigeria's medical and cultural landscape, are increasingly repackaged as miracle cures, sometimes with dangerous consequences. Doctors report more patients arriving at hospitals only when their conditions have significantly worsened, often after prolonged use of unverified treatments. A consultant nephrologist at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Dr Yemi Raji, said herbal medicine continues to play a role in kidney disease cases in Nigeria. "When you take herbal medication, you are taking both the good and the bad," he said. "Patients often arrive late, when treatment is more difficult and expensive." Dialysis alone can cost between 50,000 and 100,000 naira ($36-72) per session, several times a week. Studies link herbal use to kidney and liver disease cases across Africa, including findings that about 46 percent of liver disease admissions in one Nigerian hospital involved herbs or roots. A 2022 study found that 76.65 percent of participants had used herbal medicine, with more than a third combining herbal and conventional treatments while 82.44 percent did not inform their doctors. The Algorithmic Amplification Effect On a smartphone screen, relief is just a click away: fertility tonics, eye drops promising restored vision, syrups claiming to "flush out" disease. The advertisements are polished, persuasive and constant, woven into TikTok, Facebook, Instagram and X feeds. "The platforms themselves amplify this effect," said Dr Egemba Chinonso Fidelis, a public health advocate known online as Aproko Doctor. "Their algorithms reward engaging content and push it to wider audiences." Even users who try to avoid such content often encounter it repeatedly, shaped by emotional storytelling, music and urgency-driven messaging. A 2025 Nigeria-based study on Jinja Herbal Mixture found it appeared safe for short-term use within tested dosage ranges, but researchers recorded biochemical changes at higher doses, including altered creatinine and sodium levels in test subjects, signs of possible kidney and liver stress. The study called for further research into long-term effects and interactions with conventional medicines. Regulatory Challenges in the Digital Age The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) says it is working to track unregistered manufacturers, but enforcement remains difficult, especially online. "With the sheer volume of products online, enforcement has limited reach," said Isaac Kolawole, the southwest zonal director of NAFDAC. Many sellers use fake or incomplete addresses, making them difficult to trace. NAFDAC requires strict registration, testing and approval before herbal products can be sold or advertised, but regulation has not kept pace with online commerce. Fidelis argued that stronger regulation alone is not enough. "If there are no consequences for lying about healthcare online, people will keep doing it," he said. He noted that scammers have even used AI-generated versions of his image to promote fake products. "Real medicine does not promise to cure everything, and it does not rely on countdowns," he added. "Scammers do." Path Forward for Safer Digital Health As Nigeria's digital economy expands, the intersection of technology and healthcare will only grow more complex. Fidelis stressed that access to affordable healthcare must improve, public trust must be rebuilt, and digital platforms must take responsibility for the health content they amplify. Pharmacist Akinade Akinlolu noted that while conditions like diabetes and hypertension can be managed, online claims often suggest cures. "Economic pressure is also pushing people towards cheaper or 'miracle' alternatives," he added. "Without stronger safeguards," Fidelis warned, "the algorithmic apothecary will continue to grow and put more people at risk." The challenge for Nigeria's healthcare system is to harness the power of digital platforms while ensuring they promote evidence-based care rather than potentially harmful alternatives.

The Government's Response to the Youth Employment CrisisA former chief executive of Marks & Spencer has been appointed as a government jobs adviser in its latest attempt to tackle the growing youth unemployment crisis. Marc Bolland, who oversaw the retail chain from 2010 to 2016, will lead a summit of business leaders, amid warnings that the country risks a "lost generation" without urgent intervention.The Scale of the Youth Unemployment ChallengeAbout 1 million people aged 16 to 24 – about one in eight – are not in education, employment or training. An interim report published by the former health secretary Alan Milburn warned that this cohort – known as Neets – could increase to 1.25 million by the 2030s without radical action. The proportion of Neets in the UK is significantly higher than in many other developed countries. In the Netherlands, about 5% of 16 to 24-year-olds are not in education or work, while it is about 12.5% in Britain.Bolland's Role and StrategyIn light of Milburn's findings, Bolland has been appointed as lead non-executive director at the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), Downing Street said. Bolland, who also led supermarket Morrisons, is understood to have been chosen for the role thanks to his existing involvement with the DWP via his charity Movement to Work. The government said a collaboration with Movement to Work had already helped more than 200,000 unemployed young people find jobs.Economic Impact of Youth UnemploymentThe economic cost of the crisis is estimated to be about £125bn. Milburn's report found that six in 10 young people have never had a job, compared with four in 10 in 2005. He said that an increasing number of young people were being ruled as unfit to work due to health conditions including anxiety, depression and neurodevelopmental conditions. However, it is estimated that for every £25 the government spends on benefits for young people, it devotes just £1 to helping them find work.Focus on Vulnerable GroupsA central part of Bolland's role will be to work with charities supporting disabled young people to ensure they have access to training and employment opportunities. Almost half of those who claim a health or disability benefit before the age of 24 are still unemployed or not in education a decade later.Future Outlook and CollaborationThe government said Bolland would work with "leading chief executives across sectors" to "create clear routes into work and tackle the longstanding challenge of youth unemployment." It added that he would also advise the work and pensions secretary, Pat McFadden, on how the government should respond to Milburn's findings. McFadden said that Bolland's appointment sent a "clear signal" that the government was "serious about tackling that challenge" of youth unemployment. Bolland said he was "honoured and passionate" about working with the government, adding: "I know that working hand in hand with business to support young people gives them the best possible chance of success."

The Lead: A Darkly Bright Review of Shaffer’s FarceThe Guardian’s latest stage review celebrates the Orange Tree Theatre’s revival of Peter Shaffer’s *Black Comedy*, highlighting how the production’s inventive lighting turns darkness into the show’s main character.Lighting as the Star: How the Play Turns Darkness into ComedyInspired by a Chinese‑theatre lamp gag, the production stages a power cut with blinding brightness to represent total darkness, and vice‑versa. When a match is struck the lights dim; a switch flicked on triggers an instant blackout, forcing actors to navigate the tiny stage blind and then stumble about as if they can’t see each other while the audience watches the chaos unfold.Key Production DetailsVenue: Orange Tree Theatre, Richmond, LondonRun: Until 11 July 2026Director: Caroline SteinbeisLighting Designer: Elliot GriggsPhysical Comedy Consultant: John NicholsonCritical Reception and Box‑Office SnapshotWhile the review does not provide hard numbers, the production’s limited 75‑minute run and its pairing with the Menier Chocolate Factory revival of *Equus* suggest a strategic centenary push that is likely to attract both Shaffer enthusiasts and farce lovers, bolstering ticket sales during the summer season.Reviving Shaffer: The Play’s Relevance in Modern TheatreThe piece, set in a post‑World‑War‑II context, unintentionally resonates with today’s fragile power‑supply anxieties. Historical touches—Directory Enquiries, antique fuse boxes, and two “comedy Germans”—are balanced by contemporary direction, such as a Caribbean‑styled cleaning‑lady routine that updates Maggie Smith’s original mockney lines.Looking Ahead: The Future of Farce on Post‑Pandemic StagesWith *Black Comedy* proving its staying power alongside the high‑brow *Equus*, the Guardian predicts a renewed appetite for technically inventive farces that blend physical comedy with modern staging tricks. Directors may increasingly lean on lighting and set design to create immersive, laugh‑inducing spectacles that compensate for smaller venue capacities.

The LeadCorridors have long been more than just passageways in cinema—they are narrative spaces that build tension, create atmosphere, and advance storytelling. The Guardian has compiled a definitive ranking of the 20 most memorable corridors in film history, showcasing how these seemingly simple spaces have become iconic elements of cinematic language.The Art of Cinematic CorridorsFrom the claustrophobic hallways of horror films to the dystopian passageways of science fiction, corridors have served as powerful storytelling devices across genres. The ranking includes entries from 1979 to 2011, with films like "The Thing" (1982), "Brazil" (1985), and "The Raid: Redemption" (2011) demonstrating how directors use these spaces to create memorable sequences.Ranking Criteria and Notable MentionsThe selection process appears to prioritize corridors that have become iconic through their visual impact, narrative significance, and ability to evoke emotion. Notable mentions include:The marble corridor in "Phantasm" (1979), which became a source of nightmares for viewersThe endless grey passageway in "Brazil" (1985), created using forced perspective in a disused flour millThe baroque corridors of "Last Year at Marienbad" (1961), which create a uniquely spooky ambienceThe modern corridor chase in "The Red Queen Kills Seven Times" (1972), featuring a figure in a red cloakThe Impact of Corridors on FilmmakingThese cinematic corridors have influenced generations of filmmakers and continue to be referenced in contemporary cinema. The ranking reveals how directors have mastered the use of confined spaces to build suspense, create visual symbolism, and advance character development. Horror filmmakers, in particular, have long recognized the corridor's potential for terror, using its linear nature to create anticipation and dread.The Future of Corridor Scenes in CinemaAs filmmaking techniques evolve, the corridor continues to be a vital space for cinematic storytelling. With advances in virtual production and immersive technologies, future corridor scenes may push the boundaries of visual storytelling even further. The enduring appeal of these spaces suggests that corridors will remain essential tools for filmmakers seeking to create memorable, tension-filled sequences that resonate with audiences.

The Collaboration Behind 'Fairyland' Sofia Coppola and Andrew Durham are no strangers to each other. They've worked together on various projects, including Coppola's TV show 'Hi-Octane' and her short film 'Lick the Star'. So when Coppola optioned Alysia Abbott's memoir 'Fairyland: A Memoir of My Father', she knew Durham would be the perfect director for the film. Personal Connections to the Story Both Coppola and Durham have personal connections to the story. Durham grew up in the Bay Area of San Francisco in the 1970s with a gay dad, Jerry, who died of AIDS in 1992. Coppola's own experiences growing up with a famous father, Francis Ford Coppola, also inform her perspective on the film. The Film's Themes and Inspiration The film explores themes of family, identity, and coming-of-age. It's a bittersweet father-daughter story that continues a pattern in Coppola's filmography. Durham notes that he and Coppola share a similar sensibility and taste, which made her the perfect producer for the film. The Future of 'Fairyland' 'Fairyland' is set to release in cinemas on May 29. With its talented cast, including Emilia Jones and Scoot McNairy, and its unique perspective on the LGBTQ+ experience, the film is sure to resonate with audiences. As Coppola says, it's in the tradition of championing things you love and believe in – just like her father did at his production company, Zoetrope.

The World Health Organization (WHO) is deploying its highest leadership to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as the nation grapples with its 17th Ebola outbreak, a crisis exacerbated by the absence of approved vaccines for the specific viral strain. The Strain of Survival: Lack of Vaccines for Bundibugyo The current outbreak is caused by the Bundibugyo strain, a distinct variant from the more common Zaire strain. This distinction is critical because while previous DRC outbreaks had established vaccines and treatments, the Bundibugyo strain currently has no approved vaccines or treatments. WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus emphasized the critical role of health workers in Bunia, the capital of Ituri province, stating they are the "backbone of this response." As of the latest reports, one patient has recovered, offering a glimmer of hope amidst the challenges. Quantifying the Crisis: Confirmed Cases and Regional Spread The scale of the outbreak is significant, with latest government figures revealing a total of 1,077 suspected cases and 246 suspected fatalities. The confirmed data shows 121 confirmed cases and 17 confirmed deaths, though authorities estimate the true number of casualties may be higher. The crisis has not been contained within DRC borders; Uganda has confirmed eight cases, including one death, prompting the government to close its borders for at least four weeks. Confirmed Cases: 121 Confirmed Deaths: 17 Suspected Cases: 1,077 Suspected Fatalities: 246 Ugandan Cases: 8 Geopolitical and Logistical Barriers to Containment Containment efforts are severely hampered by logistical shortages and regional instability. Health workers are operating with scant supplies, resorting to wearing expired medical masks in some areas. Furthermore, the volatile security situation in eastern DRC, where armed groups vie for power, has led to attacks on health centers and public distrust of authorities. The WHO chief made a direct appeal to these armed groups, urging a brief ceasefire to allow health workers to operate safely. The Race for a Vaccine and a Ceasefire The global community is mobilizing resources to combat the spread. The DRC government has released $20m to fund the response, while the United States has allocated an additional $80m, bringing total US aid to $112m. On the scientific front, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has pledged to have a vaccine and medicine ready against the Bundibugyo strain by the end of 2026. Until then, experimental treatments will be used strictly in clinical trials, highlighting the urgent need for scientific breakthroughs to match the speed of the virus's spread.

The Lead The recent visit by the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General to Bunia represents a pivotal moment in the ongoing battle against the Ebola virus in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This high-level intervention signals a shift from standard containment protocols to an urgent, hands-on crisis management strategy aimed at halting the virus's spread in a volatile region. High-Level Engagement in the Epicentre The WHO chief's presence in Bunia is not merely symbolic; it is a tactical move to bolster morale among local health workers and to directly address the logistical bottlenecks hindering the response. By engaging with community leaders and medical staff on the ground, the WHO aims to bridge the gap between international policy and local implementation. Direct Oversight: The visit ensures that international resources are being deployed exactly where they are needed most. Community Mobilization: Strengthening trust is essential for encouraging safe burials and contact tracing. Security Coordination: Bunia's complex security environment requires high-level diplomatic intervention to protect health workers. Operational Challenges in Bunia Bunia, as the epicentre, faces unique hurdles that standard protocols often fail to address. The region's instability and the stigma surrounding Ebola make containment difficult. The WHO's intervention highlights the need for a multi-faceted approach that combines medical treatment with social support systems. Global Health Security Implications This outbreak serves as a stark reminder of the fragility of global health security. The WHO's proactive stance in Bunia sets a precedent for how international organizations must respond to emerging infectious diseases in conflict zones. It emphasizes that effective health responses cannot be separated from political and social stability. Future Outlook The coming weeks will be critical. The WHO's increased visibility in Bunia is expected to accelerate the rollout of vaccines and therapeutics. However, long-term containment will depend on sustained funding and the ability of local health systems to absorb international support without collapsing under the weight of the crisis.

The Failure of US Garbage Incinerators The nation's garbage incinerators are largely failing to eliminate Pfas 'forever chemicals' air pollution, and are putting people in largely low-income neighborhoods at risk, public health advocates and independent experts warn. The Industry's Misleading Claims A new industry trade group report alleges Minnesota's incinerators are reducing their forever chemical emissions by 99.6%. However, experts say the report is full of bad assumptions, incomplete data, and misleading language. The Health Risks of Pfas Pollution Pfas are a class of at least 16,000 compounds that have been linked to cancer, birth defects, decreased immunity, high cholesterol, kidney disease, and a range of other serious health problems. They are dubbed 'forever chemicals' because they do not naturally break down in the environment. The Impact on Low-Income Neighborhoods The incinerators are often located in low-income neighborhoods, putting vulnerable populations at risk. 'This trash becomes the problem of the poor and marginalized to deal with in their bodies,' said Nazir Khan, executive director of the Minnesota Environmental Justice Table. The Need for Stricter Regulations Experts say that stricter regulations are needed to address the issue of Pfas pollution. 'I'm not aware of any industrial-scale commercial incinerator that solves this problem,' said Michael Youhana, an attorney with the non-profit Earthjustice.

Opening the Pig & Swill: A Community‑Driven Taphouse in CardiffOn a hot Thursday evening in Canton, Cardiff, locals streamed between the bar and garden of the newly launched Pig & Swill. Co‑founders Lewis Dwyer and Andy Aston reported an immediate surge of customers, crediting the neighbourhood’s appetite for a quality night‑cap spot.Numbers Behind the National Pub Decline and Welsh Counter‑Trend161 pubs closed in the UK during Q1 2026 – roughly two per day.Closures were 26% higher than the same period in 2025.The shutdowns represent the loss of about 2,400 jobs, according to the British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA).In contrast, Wales saw three new pubs open, including the Pig & Swill, Vicino (Cardiff) and The Nelson (Rhyl).The Pig & Swill’s Kickstarter campaign raised £29,000 for the refit.Why Wales Is Holding Its Own Amid Economic HeadwindsIndustry observers note that Welsh hospitality still faces pressure, with more restaurant and hotel closures than openings. However, strong local patronage, the proximity to the popular Michelin‑listed restaurant Hiraeth, and a cultural love for the “sesh” are helping new venues thrive. David Chapman, executive director of UK Hospitality Cymru, stresses that supportive policies – such as reforming business rates – are crucial for sustaining this momentum.Looking Ahead: Policy, Community Support, and the Future of Welsh PubsWith the new Welsh government signalling a commitment to hospitality in its manifesto, the next steps will determine whether the current optimism can scale. Continued community funding, eased cost pressures, and targeted government action could turn Wales into a blueprint for reversing the broader UK pub‑closure trend.