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The West's relentless pursuit of oil has been a driving force behind its involvement in the Middle East for over a century. This greed for oil has led to numerous conflicts, coups, and interventions, shaping the region's politics and economies.The 1953 coup against Iran's democratically elected government, led by Mohammad Mossadegh, is a prime example. The UK and US orchestrated the coup to prevent Iran from nationalizing its oil industry, which was controlled by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (now BP). This event set the stage for decades of repression under the shah's dictatorship and ultimately contributed to the 1979 revolution, which was hijacked by the ayatollahs.The article argues that capitalism and 'free markets' are often misconstrued. The pursuit of profit has led to the plunder of resources, exploitation of labor, and intimidation of communities. The fossil fuel industry, in particular, has extended and empowered capitalist systems, often at the expense of human lives and the environment.The world's military power exists largely to ensure the flow of oil and other resources to banks, shareholders, and commodity traders. This has led to a concentration of power in the hands of a few, undermining democracy and fueling autocratic regimes.To address these issues, the article calls for a reduction in oil dependency and a transition to greener, cleaner energy sources. This would help to defuel dictatorships, war machines, and climate breakdown. The author argues that an emergency program to phase out fossil fuels is necessary, with the same urgency and mobilization as wartime efforts.

Lemi Limbu, a woman with severe intellectual disabilities in Tanzania, has had her conviction and death sentence quashed after spending more than a decade in prison awaiting execution. Limbu, now in her early 30s, was convicted of the murder of her daughter in 2015.On 4 March, a court in Shinyanga, northern Tanzania, declared she can appeal. She will face a retrial, but a date has yet to be set. Lawyers and activists have condemned her sentence, saying she should not be in prison at all. Limbu, who remains incarcerated, is a survivor of brutal and repeated sexual and domestic violence and has the developmental age of a child.Under Tanzanian and international law, Limbu should not be held criminally liable, given her intellectual disability. “She was not supposed to be in prison in the first place,” said Anna Henga, executive director of Legal and Human Rights Centre, a Tanzanian human rights advocacy organisation.At her first trial, Limbu pleaded not guilty. Unable to read or write, she said she did not know the contents of a statement that police claimed she had made admitting to the murder. Her original conviction in 2015 was nullified in 2019 due to procedural errors. In 2022, she was retried and sentenced to death a second time.The court did not allow evidence to be heard from medical professionals about her intellectual disabilities or history of abuse. A clinical psychologist who evaluated her had concluded she had a severe intellectual disability and the developmental age of a 10-year-old child or younger.A coalition of 24 African and international human rights groups last year condemned Limbu’s sentence as part of an appeal to the African court on human and peoples’ rights to look at the plight of women on death row throughout Africa. In Tanzania, the death penalty is the mandatory sentence for murder, although no executions have been carried out since 1995.