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Why does the war in Sudan persist three years after it began? According to the latest episode of Al Jazeera’s podcast The Take, the answer lies in the network of external actors that continue to fund and arm the warring factions – the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The episode, hosted by journalist Malika Bilal and featuring political analyst Dallia Abdelmoniem, explores how regional and global rivalries have turned Sudan into a proxy battleground. With the United States and Israel engaged in a broader confrontation with Iran, and tensions in the Strait of Hormuz inflating oil prices, the cost of fuel and food in Sudan has surged, worsening an already dire famine situation. Key insights from the discussion include: Foreign financing and arms supplies keep both the SAF and RSF operational, preventing a decisive military outcome. US‑Israel‑Iran dynamics divert international attention and resources, allowing the Sudanese conflict to fester. Rising global fuel prices driven by Strait of Hormuz instability increase transport costs, making humanitarian aid more expensive and less accessible. Food price spikes exacerbate famine risk for millions of displaced Sudanese, deepening the humanitarian crisis. The podcast also notes that without a coordinated diplomatic push to address the external backers and the broader geopolitical tensions, a sustainable cease‑fire remains unlikely. Production credits go to Tamara Khandaker (producer), with contributions from Noor Wazwaz, Sari el‑Khalili, Spencer Cline, Chloe K Li, and Tuleen Barakat. Editing was handled by Alexandra Locke, while Alex Roldan provided sound design and Hisham Abu Salah and Mohannad al‑Melhem managed video editing. Listeners can follow the conversation and future episodes on X, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube.

Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif recently engaged in high-stakes diplomacy, hosting United States Vice President JD Vance for talks on the sidelines of direct negotiations between Washington and Tehran, marking the highest-level engagement between the two nations since the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Simultaneously, Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Defense announced the arrival of a Pakistani military force at King Abdulaziz Air Base in the kingdom's Eastern Province, under the Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) signed last year. The SMDA commits both countries to treating any act of aggression against one as an act against both, strengthening joint military coordination and raising operational readiness. This development has underscored Pakistan's delicate balancing act in the midst of a war that has destabilized the global economy and led to attacks and deaths in multiple countries. Pakistan has been a central mediator between the US and Iran, hosting their teams and driving attempts to continue talks after a breakdown in negotiations. However, its commitment to militarily assist Saudi Arabia, a key ally repeatedly hit by Iran, poses significant challenges. Analysts suggest that Pakistan's approach carries both logic and risk, as it attempts to sustain both roles using its commitments under the SMDA to create leverage over Iran and deter further strikes on Saudi installations. The continuation of US-Iran talks is crucial for Pakistan, as hostilities restarting could collapse its strategy and force deeper involvement in the conflict. Experts emphasize that Pakistan's window for playing both mediator and Saudi military ally is narrow, and its military deployment must remain strictly defensive, time-bound, and transparently limited to avoid jeopardizing its relationships with both Iran and Saudi Arabia.

The stage is set for a thrilling encounter at the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany, as Bayern Munich hosts Real Madrid in the second leg of their UEFA Champions League quarterfinal matchup. The German side holds a 2-1 aggregate lead, making Real Madrid's task even more daunting.Real Madrid's season has been a rollercoaster, with the team struggling to find consistency. Despite their recent 1-1 draw against Girona in La Liga, which has effectively ended their title hopes, they must now focus on overcoming Bayern Munich. The Spanish giants have had a remarkable history in the Champions League, having won the competition 14 times, a record in the tournament.Bayern Munich, on the other hand, has been in stellar form, extending their lead to 12 points at the top of the Bundesliga table with a 5-0 win over St Pauli on Saturday. Their star striker, Harry Kane, is expected to return after sitting out the league match due to a minor injury.The most pressing concern for Real Madrid is the facial injury sustained by Kylian Mbappe in training. However, given his importance to the team and the significance of the match, it's likely that he will be patched up to play. Mbappe has been in exceptional form, leading the Champions League scorers' list with 14 goals this season.In terms of team news, Bayern Munich will be without Lennart Karl and Sven Ulreich due to injuries, while Serge Gnabry has a minor knee problem but is expected to be available. Real Madrid will be without Thibaut Courtois, Rodrygo, and Aurelien Tchouameni due to injuries and suspensions.This matchup between two European giants is the most played fixture in Champions League history, with 29 meetings between the sides. Real Madrid has won 13 matches, while Bayern Munich has emerged victorious on 12 occasions.

Sergey Lavrov touched down in Beijing as Washington intensified its pressure on Iran by attempting to block the Strait of Hormuz, a waterway that carries roughly one‑third of China’s oil imports. The Russian foreign minister was greeted with a red‑carpet reception, according to photos released by Russia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Both Beijing and Moscow condemned the United States and Israel over their involvement in the ongoing war on Iran, noting that the conflict has already strained China’s energy supplies. China, a major purchaser of Iranian crude, denounced a newly announced U.S. plan to prohibit vessels from entering or leaving Iranian ports and coastal waters, calling the measure an unjustified interference with international trade. “The Strait of Hormuz is a vital international trade route for goods and energy, and its security and uninterrupted flow serve the common interest of the global community,” Chinese MFA spokesman Guo Jiakun said on Monday. According to Al Jazeera’s Alan Fisher, the U.S. hopes that by choking Iran’s trade it can force China to pressure Tehran into returning to negotiations, given that Beijing imports about a third of its oil from Iran. Lavrov also held a telephone conversation with Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, emphasizing the need to prevent any resurgence of hostilities in the Middle East and reiterating Russia’s “unwavering readiness” to assist in a diplomatic settlement. Araghchi relayed details of recent U.S.–Iran talks in Pakistan, which ended without a breakthrough, underscoring the limited diplomatic progress on the issue. The visit comes as China‑Russia relations have deepened since Russia’s full‑scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Earlier in the week, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi spoke with Lavrov, agreeing that the two capitals would cooperate to de‑escalate tensions in the region. Beijing’s diplomatic calendar this week also featured meetings with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez, United Arab Emirates President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, and an upcoming visit by Vietnamese President To Lam, highlighting China’s active role in global diplomacy despite its low‑profile stance on the Iran conflict. Analysts note that China’s restrained approach allows it to position itself as a “reliable, stable and predictable partner” for states seeking alternatives to U.S. influence, especially given its extensive trade ties with Tehran. Former U.S. President Donald Trump, slated to visit Beijing next month, warned he would impose a 50 percent tariff on Chinese goods if China provides military assistance to Iran. The claim followed a CNN report citing U.S. intelligence that China might deliver new air‑defence systems to Tehran. Chinese officials dismissed the report as “completely fabricated” and warned of “resolute counter‑measures” should the United States use it as a pretext for additional tariffs.

President Donald Trump asserted that a diplomatic path remains open for Tehran, even as the United States enforces a naval blockade of Iranian ports and Israel deepens its ground offensive in southern Lebanon. Iran’s leadership denounced the blockade as "piracy" and thousands gathered in Tehran to demonstrate against the restriction on maritime traffic through the strategic Strait of Hormuz. The Associated Press reported that diplomatic channels are still active; Pakistan has volunteered to host a second round of negotiations in Islamabad later this week. US blockade and protests: The enforcement of the maritime restrictions has provoked Iranian accusations of illegal action and sparked street protests in the capital. Tehran’s legal stance: Iran’s armed forces labeled the blockade unlawful, warning that targeting its ports could jeopardize broader Gulf shipping. IRGC warning: A Revolutionary Guard spokesperson hinted that Iran retains "unused capabilities" and may adopt new tactics if the confrontation escalates. Parliamentary support for the Pope: Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf praised Pope Leo XIV’s condemnation of the war, describing it as courageous. Russian nuclear staff pull‑out: Moscow has withdrawn most of its personnel from Iran’s sole nuclear power plant, a project built with Russian assistance. Qatar’s mediation call: Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani urged both Washington and Tehran to engage constructively in mediation. Pakistan’s ceasefire assessment: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said the US‑Iran truce is holding, even as weekend talks failed to produce a breakthrough. Shipping disruption: A UN spokesperson warned that there is no military solution and noted that roughly 20,000 vessels are stranded, straining global supply chains, especially for fertiliser. UK push for Lebanese inclusion: London advocated adding Lebanon to the US‑Iran ceasefire framework, which currently omits Hezbollah‑related fighting. US‑Lebanon diplomatic talks: Israeli and Lebanese ambassadors are slated to meet in Washington to discuss halting hostilities. Hezbollah’s rejection: Leader Naim Qassem urged Lebanon to cancel the planned Washington meeting, reaffirming the group’s opposition to any direct dialogue with Israel. Russia’s uranium offer: The Kremlin reiterated its willingness to accept Iran’s enriched uranium as part of a broader US‑Iran settlement, echoing President Vladimir Putin’s statements. Trump on Iranian outreach: The former president claimed Iranian officials have expressed a strong desire to negotiate, though he did not identify the interlocutors. Trump’s stance on the Pope: He dismissed criticism of Pope Leo XIV as unwarranted, labeling the pontiff "weak" on key issues, including Iran. Threat to Iranian vessels: Trump warned that U.S. forces will neutralise any Iranian fast‑attack ships that approach the blockade zone. Domestic political pressure: Senate Democrats, led by Chuck Schumer, are pushing for a new vote to limit the president’s war‑making powers, citing rising U.S. fuel prices. Protester arrests in New York: Approximately 90 demonstrators, including whistleblower Chelsea Manning and actor Hari Nef, were detained during a Manhattan traffic‑stop protest against the war and U.S. arms sales to Israel. Israel’s buffer‑zone push: Israeli forces continue ground and air operations in southern Lebanon, razing structures in border towns such as Naqoura to create a security buffer. Hezbollah retaliation: The group has intensified rocket and drone attacks on Israeli positions in locations like Bint Jbeil and Biyyada. Accusations of a "Greater Israel": Hezbollah chief Hassan Qassem accused Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of pursuing an expansionist agenda backed by the United States. Diplomatic tension with Italy: Israel summoned the Italian ambassador after Italy’s foreign minister condemned Israeli attacks on Beirut as "unacceptable". Casualties in Lebanon: Israeli operations have raised the death toll in southern Lebanon since March 2 to at least 2,089, including a recent drone strike that killed two civilians near Nabatieh. Public opinion in Lebanon: Lebanese citizens are divided, with some weary of the conflict and hopeful for diplomacy, while others distrust Israel’s intentions. Canadian casualty: Canada’s foreign minister confirmed that a Canadian national died in southern Lebanon, though details remain scarce. Energy implications: Reuters reported that a Chinese‑owned tanker, sanctioned by the United States, successfully navigated the Strait of Hormuz despite the blockade, underscoring the challenges of enforcement. Oil market outlook: U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright warned that oil prices could keep climbing until "meaningful ship traffic" resumes through the strait.

In a decisive statement, Hezbollah announced its refusal to support Lebanon’s plan for direct negotiations with Israel. The Lebanese political faction, which wields considerable influence over the country’s security and foreign policy, warned that any such talks would contradict its stance on resistance against Israeli policies. The rejection underscores deep‑seated divisions within Lebanon’s political landscape, where Hezbollah’s position often counters moves toward rapprochement with Israel. Analysts note that the group’s opposition could delay or derail potential diplomatic initiatives aimed at easing long‑standing hostilities in the region. By dismissing the prospect of direct dialogue, Hezbollah signals that any future peace‑building efforts will likely need to navigate around its strategic priorities. This development adds another layer of complexity to an already volatile Middle‑East environment, where external actors and internal factions continuously shape the prospects for stability.

Southampton have moved just three points off automatic promotion after a 3-0 victory over Blackburn, coupled with Ipswich’s 2-0 defeat at Portsmouth. The hosts extended their unbeaten run to 18 games in all competitions with a comprehensive victory at St Mary’s, secured by first-half goals from Cyle Larin and Ryan Manning and a late strike from Cameron Archer. The Southampton manager, Tonda Eckert, made five changes to the team which beat Derby 2-1 on Saturday but there was no disruption to the relentless rhythm which has catapulted the club up the Championship table and earned an FA Cup semi-final spot. Saints made the breakthrough in the 24th minute when Kuryu Matsuki set Archer free down the left, and he squared the ball perfectly for Larin to slot home. Shea Charles then went close with a rampaging run and shot, before Manning’s low shot deflected in past Blackburn keeper Balazs Toth two minutes from half-time. Matsuki missed a glorious chance to add a third after brilliant work from Taylor Harwood-Bellis and Larin left him with the goal at his mercy, and substitute Leo Scienza went close at the near post before Blackburn finally threatened. Daniel Peretz beat away Yuki Ohashi’s shot before Ryoya Morishita struck the post on the rebound. Archer completed the scoring late on to secure Southampton’s seventh win in a row, moving them up to fourth with a home fixture against second-placed Ipswich to come, after they head to Wembley and face Manchester City in the FA Cup. “I think no matter who we put on at the moment, they’re all ready to perform. It’s quite an easy decision at the moment to pick a team, because they’re all ready to go,” Eckert said after the game. Ipswich missed the chance to tighten their grip on second place as they slipped to defeat at Fratton Park. Conor Shaughnessy and Colby Bishop claimed quickfire goals as Portsmouth boosted their survival hopes with a crucial victory.

Atlético Madrid have secured a spot in the Champions League semi-finals for the first time in a decade, overcoming a spirited Barcelona side 3-2 on aggregate. The victory was sealed with a crucial goal from Ademola Lookman just seven minutes after Barcelona had levelled the tie.The win marked a significant moment for Diego Simeone's side, who had been waiting 10 years for this achievement. Simeone expressed his pride in his team's performance, stating, 'We give everything to win the cup.' The coach also praised his players, saying, 'I've been here 14 years and never stop feeling emotional.'Barcelona, led by Lamine Yamal, fought hard to mount a comeback but ultimately fell short. Despite being down to 10 men for 10 minutes after Eric García was sent off, they continued to push for a goal that would have taken the tie to extra time. However, Ronald Araújo's header in the 96th minute went over the bar, securing Atlético's victory.The win sets up a thrilling semi-final matchup for Atlético, who are eager to return to the final and exorcise the ghosts of past defeats. Simeone's side will look to build on this momentum as they pursue European glory.

The recent conflict in the Gulf has served as a harsh wake-up call for the British public regarding the state of the UK's armed forces. While air defence systems and fighter jets were swiftly deployed, the delayed arrival of a single destroyer, HMS Dragon, to Cyprus underscored concerns about Britain's military preparedness. Former Nato secretary general George Robertson criticised Keir Starmer for showing a 'corrosive complacency towards defence', warning that this put the UK in peril. In response, ministers pointed to 'decades of underinvestment' by previous governments and announced plans for the largest sustained increase in defence spending since the Cold War. The Ministry of Defence aims to spend 3.5% of GDP on defence by 2035. However, defence analysts argue that the UK's military has suffered from a 'lethal combination' of Treasury hostility to defence spending and the Ministry of Defence prioritising investment in ships and aircraft over the army. The British army has shrunk significantly since 1991, from 155,000 troops to 75,000 troops, with a reduction in armoured and infantry brigades. Defence experts, such as Ben Barry of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, blame this decline on inadequate resource allocation. Matthew Savill, director of military sciences at the Royal United Services Institute, notes that the UK has a decent spread of reasonably modern capabilities but faces several problems, including a lack of mass and reliance on allies. 'We've cut a lot of corners and in many cases we rely on our allies. That means we're particularly reliant on the US and others in certain areas and it can come back to bite,' Savill added. Britain's commitment to increase defence spending to 2.5% of GDP from April 2027 is more ambitious than France's, but experts suggest that the UK can learn from France's approach. The UK's plans have been influenced by Poland's military transformation, which has seen defence spending rise to 4.8% of GDP, the highest among Nato countries.