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East Darfur, Sudan — Hawa Adam did not expect a childhood illness to kill her son. Ali was two years old when he fell sick on February 25 in Labado, in Sudan’s East Darfur state. He died two days later.“I thought it was one of the ordinary childhood diseases,” the 37-year-old told Al Jazeera. “I never imagined I would lose my child to this epidemic.”Hawa attributes his death to the absence of basic medical care – no vaccination, no qualified doctors. “Most doctors”, she says, “left the area after the war broke out, forcing those with means to seek treatment abroad, in South Sudan or Uganda.”The Collapse of Routine Immunization in East DarfurA measles outbreak has struck several Labado districts since March, killing approximately 70 people and infecting about 1,000 others across 12 residential neighbourhoods, in a population of roughly 12,000, which includes displaced people who arrived during the war, according to Mohamed Abdel Aziz, 32, coordinator of the Labado crisis unit.Those numbers were disputed by East Darfur’s health director, Dr Jabir al-Nadeef, who confirmed to Al Jazeera that measles has struck four districts of the state, but only reported 300 cases and 26 deaths, figures that diverge substantially from those documented by the Labado emergency room.“Vaccines only arrived on April 11 from Chad via UNICEF [United Nations Children’s Fund ], after a prolonged period with no supply, and a vaccination campaign is scheduled to run from April 18 to 24 across the state,” he said.Measles is one of the world’s most contagious diseases, spread by contact with infected nasal or throat secretions or breathing in air that was breathed out by someone with measles, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Outbreaks can result in severe complications and deaths, especially among young, malnourished children.Transmission: Contact with infected secretions or airborne particles.Current Coverage: Measles vaccination has fallen to 46 percent.Routine Immunization: First dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis dropped to 48 percent in 2024.Quantifying the Human Cost: Disputed Death Toll and Economic BarriersThe first measles cases in Darfur in the current outbreak were recorded in January, according to UNICEF. It is unfolding against the backdrop of a near-total collapse of public health infrastructure across Darfur, where war has gutted facilities, halted routine vaccination and driven out medical personnel.“We discovered the outbreak by accident,” Abdel Aziz, the coordinator, told Al Jazeera. The teams had been conducting home visits for a fire-prevention workshop when they saw the scale of the outbreak, with almost half of the homes visited having measles cases.In the al-Nil neighbourhood, Ismail Issa, 38, lost his two-year-old daughter Makarem on March 11. His brother Ahmed lost an 18-month-old son, Issa, on March 25. Then Hasan, the three-year-old son of Ismail’s sister Medeeha, died on March 23. All three families live in adjoining homes, and the infection passed between them.Abdel Aziz traced much of the death toll directly to a supply failure. Medicines ran out at the government health centre on February 23. Drugs remain available at private pharmacies, but most residents cannot afford them.Intravenous fluids: 8,000 Sudanese pounds ($20.50).Antibiotics: 10,000 to 15,000 pounds ($25.60 to 38.40).A Public Health Catastrophe UnfoldingAsmaa Jalaluddin, 28, lives in the Dar al-Naim West neighbourhood of Labado with her three children. Her three-year-old daughter, Mashaer Rajab al-Sheikh, fell ill on April 5 with fever, diarrhoea and persistent vomiting. She stopped eating and kept her eyes shut for four days.On April 8, Asmaa took her to the Labado health centre, where she was told her daughter had measles. With no medicines available, she was directed to travel to Shuairiya, 40 kilometres north. There, on April 10, Mashaer received fever reducers and vitamins and slowly began to open her eyes again. She was discharged two days later.Local doctors are now calling for intervention from international health organisations, noting that diseases that had been eliminated are returning.UNICEF spokesperson for Sudan, Eva Hinds, told Al Jazeera that “measles cases continue to be reported across Darfur, with insecurity, displacement, damaged health facilities, and prolonged disruption to routine immunisation all constraining the response.”UNICEF says that a measles-rubella vaccine catch-up campaign has been completed across all localities in Central Darfur and West Darfur, as well as parts of North and South Darfur, reaching approximately 2.1 million children aged nine to 14. Vaccination in remaining areas, including East Darfur, is scheduled for mid to end of April, aiming to reach close to 750,000 children across all nine of the state’s localities.The Long Road to RecoveryFor the families of Labado, the calendar offers little comfort. In the al-Nil neighbourhood, three siblings buried their children within days of one another over the Eid holiday. In Dar al-Naim West, a mother counts the days until her daughter’s 14-day isolation ends. In the Safaa neighbourhood, Hawa Adam has already buried hers.“They could have still been alive,” Hawa Adam said. “Those without money die in Darfur.”

The Guardian of the Sahara’s 'Sorbonne' In the arid heart of Mauritania, a solitary librarian is battling the dual forces of climate change and economic migration to save the fading legacy of Chinguetti, once known as the 'Sorbonne of the Sahara.' For bookkeeper Muhammad Gholam el-Habot, the responsibility of preserving his family's 1,400 manuscripts is not just a job, but a sacred duty passed down through generations. As the medieval fortress town faces existential threats from the desert, el-Habot’s quiet struggle represents the broader fight to protect human history from the ravages of a changing climate. The Crisis of the Medieval Library The el-Habot family library is one of the few remaining operational strongholds of knowledge in Chinguetti, a ksar (fortress town) that once served as a vital crossroads for trans-Saharan trade. The manuscripts, collected by ancestors who traveled from Egypt to Andalusia, cover a vast array of disciplines including Islamic jurisprudence, mathematics, medicine, and poetry. However, the physical environment of Chinguetti has become increasingly hostile to these fragile texts. The town, which follows traditional Moorish architecture with a mosque at its center, is now largely abandoned as residents seek opportunities in cities like Nouakchott, leaving the preservation of this intellectual heritage to a dwindling number of custodians. Quantifying the Threat to Heritage The threat to Chinguetti’s legacy is not merely anecdotal; it is driven by measurable environmental shifts. Mauritania is 90 percent desert, and climate change is acting as an accelerant for desertification. Researchers note that extreme heat and unpredictable rainfall are damaging texts beyond repair, while the mudbrick structures of the ksar are ill-equipped to handle sudden storms or prolonged heatwaves exceeding 40 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, annual rainfall has decreased by 35 percent since 1970, making it harder for date palms to grow and herders to sustain their livelihoods, which in turn accelerates the migration of the younger generation who are essential for the library's maintenance. The Erosion of the Sahel’s Intellectual Legacy The decline of Chinguetti marks a significant loss for the global community. Historically referred to as Islam’s seventh holiest city and the 'Sorbonne of the Sahara,' the town was a beacon of learning that attracted pilgrims and scholars from across the Muslim world. The loss of these manuscripts represents a gap in human knowledge, as many texts contain unique interpretations of Islamic law and scientific understanding that may no longer exist elsewhere. The challenge is compounded by the lack of capacity among the youth, who view the dusty, labor-intensive work of preservation as unattractive compared to modern economic opportunities. The Future of the Manuscripts The outlook for Chinguetti’s manuscripts is precarious but not entirely hopeless. Recent interventions, such as a $100,000 UNESCO restoration project in 2024 that provided air-conditioning, shelving, and storage boxes to 13 family libraries, offer a temporary reprieve. However, the long-term survival of these texts will likely depend on a hybrid approach: combining local stewardship with international digitization efforts. Without urgent action to secure the physical environment and incentivize the younger generation to return, the sands of the Sahara may eventually reclaim not just the abandoned buildings, but the history they once held.

The Sudden End of a Promising Season for Xavi SimonsTottenham Hotspur and Netherlands midfielder Xavi Simons has faced a cruel twist of fate, announcing that his football season has come to an abrupt end. The 23-year-old has been ruled out of the FIFA World Cup 2026 after sustaining a serious knee injury during a Premier League match. This setback not only ends his international aspirations for the summer but also casts a shadow over Tottenham's fight against relegation.The Incident and Immediate FalloutSimons was forced to leave the pitch on a stretcher in the 63rd minute of Tottenham's 1-0 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers. Early reports confirm a tear to his right ACL, leaving the player visibly in agony as he clutched his knee. In a poignant Instagram post, Simons expressed his heartbreak, stating, “They say life can be cruel and today it feels that way. My season has come to an abrupt end and I’m just trying to process it.”Match Context: Sustained injury during a crucial Premier League match against Wolverhampton Wanderers.Severity: Right ACL tear, ruling him out for the remainder of the season and the World Cup.International Status: Ruled out of Ronald Koeman's squad for his second World Cup appearance.Impact on Tottenham Hotspur's Survival BidThe injury is a significant tactical blow for Tottenham, who are currently struggling in the Premier League. The North London club sits 18th on 34 points, just two points away from the safety zone. Simons has been a creative spark for the team, and his absence deprives manager Ange Postecoglou (or whoever takes over) of a key playmaker during a critical period of the season.A Growing List of World Cup AbsenteesSimons joins an alarming trend of star players missing the 2026 tournament due to fitness issues. The injury crisis is affecting top-tier clubs and national teams alike, creating a void in the attacking talent pool for the upcoming global event.Lamine Yamal: Barcelona and Spain star sidelined.Mohamed Salah: Liverpool and Egypt forward ruled out.Hugo Ekitike: French forward injured.Future Outlook for the Dutch SquadFor Ronald Koeman, the loss of Simons is a headache for his midfield construction. With the World Cup approaching, the Dutch coach must now reassess his squad depth and tactical options. For Simons, the focus shifts to a lengthy rehabilitation process, with a return to top-flight action expected to take 6 to 9 months, leaving fans to wonder if he will be fit for the start of the 2026-27 season.

Rockets routed the Lakers 115-96, keeping their playoff hopes alive, while Victor Wembanyama returned to the Spurs with a 27‑point performance that pushes San Antonio toward a series clinch.Rockets' Dominant 115-96 Victory Over LakersHouston erased a 19‑point deficit and forced 24 turnovers, with Amen Thompson contributing 23 points and Alperen Sengun adding 19. LeBron James managed only 10 points on 2‑of‑9 shooting and turned the ball over eight times.Statistical Breakdown of the Playoff GamesFinal Score: Rockets 115, Lakers 96Turnovers: Lakers 24, Rockets 8Key Performers: Amen Thompson 23 pts, Alperen Sengun 19 pts, LeBron James 10 pts, Tari Eason 20 ptsWembanyama Return: 27 pts, 11 reb, 3 ast, 4 stl, 7 blkSpurs vs Trail Blazers: Spurs 73‑35 second‑half advantageImplications for the Western Conference Playoff LandscapeThe Rockets remain the only team in NBA history still chasing a comeback from a 0‑3 series hole. A win in Game 5 would force a decisive Game 6, keeping Houston’s improbable run alive. The Lakers, despite missing Luka Doncic and Austin Reaves, still have a chance to close the series at home.San Antonio’s Spurs sit at a 3‑1 series lead. Wembanyama’s return restores their interior dominance and gives them a clear path to clinch the series in Game 5.What to Expect in the Upcoming GamesGame 5 in Houston: Rockets must limit turnovers and capitalize on fast‑break opportunities to stay alive.Game 5 in San Antonio: Expect the Spurs to lean on Wembanyama’s defensive presence and De’Aaron Fox’s scoring to seal the series.Eastern Conference: Celtics aim to finish off the 76ers, while Raptors will try to rebound from a tight win over Cleveland.

Harvey Fierstein’s Return to the Spotlight Through Quilting and Kinky BootsHarvey Fierstein, 73, welcomes visitors to a Connecticut quilt shop where he spends 10‑hour days stitching panels that blend LGBTQ+ symbols, Jewish motifs, and personal humor. In a candid conversation he links his new hobby to the revival of Kinky Boots in London and his ongoing fight for queer rights. From Broadway to the Quilt Store: How Fierstein Found a New Creative OutletFierstein took up quilting in 2009 after being inspired by the TV series *Simply Quilts* and the Names Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. He creates pieces such as:an LGBTQ+ rights quilt featuring pink triangles and yellow Stars of Davida humorous “horny” tree seriespersonal portraits of his two dogsHe donates the quilts, refusing to sell them, and even jokes about turning a casting director’s request into a job interview. Numbers Behind the Narrative: Age, Awards, and the Longevity of Kinky BootsAge: 73 years oldTony Awards: 5 wins, including for *La Cage aux Folles* and *Kinky Boots*Kinky Boots debut: 2012 (Chicago), 6 Tony Awards, still touring worldwide in 2026Sobriety milestone: 5 years to “get your marbles back” Why Fierstein’s Story Resonates in Today’s LGBTQ+ and Theatre LandscapeHis reflections on Kinky Boots highlight the show’s cross‑gender appeal: “women love it, but it’s for men,” he says, noting the musical’s focus on father‑son dynamics and acceptance. Fierstein also connects his personal healing to broader cultural battles, recalling his activism against recent anti‑LGBTQ+ rhetoric and emphasizing that self‑judgment, not just queer shame, hampers many. What Lies Ahead: Future Projects and the Ongoing Fight for Queer VisibilityFierstein is drafting a book about quilting while awaiting the off‑Broadway revival of La Cage aux Folles (June) and watching the London run of Kinky Boots starring Johannes Radebe. He predicts that “as long as there are stories about fathers, sons, and the courage to be yourself, the stage will keep echoing our struggles,” and he remains committed to using both theatre and textile art as platforms for queer advocacy.

Oil Prices Surge Amid Diplomatic StandoffOil prices have climbed higher amid stalled peace talks between the United States and Iran, with global markets reacting to the escalating geopolitical tensions. The breakdown in negotiations has created uncertainty in energy markets, causing Brent crude to rise more than 2 percent as hopes for a second round of ceasefire negotiations between Washington and Tehran unraveled over the weekend.Breakdown in US-Iran NegotiationsThe diplomatic impasse deepened when US President Donald Trump canceled a planned trip to Pakistan by his envoys, Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner, after Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs Abbas Araghchi departed Islamabad before any direct engagement could take place between the sides. Araghchi has since arrived in Russia's Saint Petersburg for talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin and other officials as Tehran seeks a way out of the diplomatic deadlock.Market Response and Price FluctuationsAfter initial easing, Brent crude, the primary benchmark for global prices, stood at $106.99 as of 1:30 GMT. Despite the oil price surge, stock markets in Asia shrugged off the impasse to open higher on Monday, with Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 and South Korea's KOSPI gaining 0.9 percent and 1.5 percent, respectively, in morning trading.Geopolitical Tensions Threaten Global Energy SecurityAs US and Iranian negotiators struggle to break the deadlock, Tehran's threats against commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz have reduced traffic to a trickle, paralysing a large portion of the world's supply of oil and natural gas. On Saturday, only 19 commercial vessels transited the strait, which normally carries about one-fifth of global oil and natural gas supplies, according to maritime intelligence platform Windward. Before the US and Israel launched their war on Iran in late February, the waterway saw an average of 129 daily transits, according to the United Nations Trade and Development.Future Outlook for Oil Markets and Regional StabilityTrump announced an extension to their two-week truce last week, without specifying a deadline for reaching a deal to end the war. The prolonged uncertainty in the Strait of Hormuz, a critical chokepoint for global energy supplies, suggests that oil prices may remain volatile in the coming weeks. The situation underscores the delicate balance between diplomatic efforts and market reactions in regions where geopolitical tensions directly impact global economic stability.

The Growing Crisis in Children's Foot HealthParents should care for their children's feet in the same way as their eyes and teeth, according to footwear specialists who are seeing more young people with painful conditions such as bunions. As specialist shoe shops continue to close across Britain, experts warn that a generation of children may face lifelong foot problems due to improper footwear fitting.The Decline of Specialist Shoe Fitting ServicesThe not-for-profit organisation Footwear Hub, formed by 40 specialist shops, has launched the "fit well, grow well" campaign to combat what they describe as a "decline in children's foot health." Nadia Arden-Scott, a co-founder of Footwear Hub, stated: "Parents have been led to believe that fitting shoes is simple and can be done at home, when the reality is that do-it-yourself shoe fitting is potentially causing long-term damage to their child's feet."The campaign's website offers free advice and links to services around the UK, with some parents reportedly having to drive up to 50 miles to access a proper fitting service. "We want parents to value their children's feet the way they value their teeth and eyes," said Arden-Scott, who runs a children's shoe shop in Farnborough called ShuZu. "They would not skip a dentist appointment because they thought they could check their own child's teeth at home."The Scale of Shop Closures Across BritainData from property analysts Green Street reveals that more than 1,000 shoe shops have closed in Great Britain since 2020. With big names reducing their store numbers and independent shops closing, many parents are now ordering shoes for their children online without proper fitting. This trend has accelerated as the high street continues to transform, leaving fewer options for professional shoe fitting services.Health Consequences of Improperly Fitted FootwearWhile there is no scientific data showing that poor footwear choices directly cause disfigurement, podiatrists confirm that ill-fitting shoes can cause lifelong foot problems and lead to issues in the ankles, knees and back. They list fallen arches, hammer and claw toes, bunions and muscular problems as potential risks.Jill Ferrari, a podiatrist and academic, explains: "Young people's feet continue to grow until mid-teens and poorly fitting footwear can lead to toe deformities, poor foot function and reduced gait efficiency. In younger children, poor footwear choices can increase the risk of tripping and falling."Shoe fitters involved in the campaign report seeing a pattern of children wearing shoes that are too small or narrow. Tanya Marriott, a co-founder of Footwear Hub who has worked as a professional shoe fitter for 22 years, said she was seeing more children with bunions. "What we are seeing is deeply concerning. Unlike other clothing, shoes directly affect how children move, develop and grow, and the consequences of a poor fit can last a lifetime."The Future of Children's Foot Health in BritainAs the retail landscape continues to change, the challenge remains how to ensure children have access to proper shoe fitting services. Footwear Hub's researchers frequently encounter children with existing foot conditions – including toe deformities and structural differences – who are not receiving the specialist fitting support they need.The long-term impact of this trend could be significant, potentially leading to increased healthcare costs and reduced quality of life for affected children. The success of the "fit well, grow well" campaign may depend on raising public awareness about the importance of professional shoe fitting and potentially influencing policy to protect access to these specialized services as the retail sector continues to evolve.

The Historic Two-Hour BarrierThe London Marathon's 45-year history was rewritten on Sunday as Sabastian Sawe achieved what many thought impossible: becoming the first man to officially break the two-hour barrier in a marathon. The Kenyan runner completed the 26.2-mile course in an astonishing one hour, 59 minutes and 30 seconds, with Ethiopian Yomif Kejelcha also going under two hours in the same race. This historic feat has been compared to Sir Roger Bannister's sub-four-minute mile in 1954, with race director Hugh Brasher suggesting it might be 'the greatest sporting moment of the 21st century.' Meanwhile, Ethiopian Tigst Assefa set a women's-only world record for races involving only female pace setters, although it remained five minutes behind the outright women's world record.Record-Breaking ParticipationThe event shattered multiple records beyond just the times. Organizers confirmed a world record tally of more than 60,000 runners started the race, with hopes of exceeding the previous record of 59,226 finishers set by the New York Marathon in 2025. An estimated 800,000 supporters lined the streets to witness the historic men's race, creating an electric atmosphere that runners credited with helping them achieve their remarkable times. The day also featured 36 Guinness World Records being set, including James Dowsett's time for the fastest marathon dressed as a knight (4:21:10). Despite Gill Punt's unsuccessful attempt to set the fastest marathon in a polar bear suit, the event showcased the incredible diversity of participants, from elite athletes to celebrities like Olympian Laura Kenny (3:45:05) and even fictional characters like Daddy Pig (5:51:53).Financial and Charitable ImpactBeyond the athletic achievements, the marathon continued its tradition of massive charitable fundraising. Race director Hugh Brasher highlighted that the event raised £87 million for charity the previous year, with expectations of surpassing that amount in 2026. The combination of record participation and unprecedented public enthusiasm created an economic boost for London, with hotels, restaurants, and local businesses benefiting from the influx of runners and spectators. The event also demonstrated the power of mass participation sports to unite communities and inspire charitable giving, with individual runners like Gill Punt raising over £2m for various causes through their participation.The Evolution of Marathon RunningThe breaking of the two-hour barrier represents a paradigm shift in marathon running. Former women's record holder Paula Radcliffe noted that 'the goalposts literally just moved for marathon running and where you benchmark yourself as being world-class.' This achievement comes after years of incremental improvements in training techniques, nutrition, and pacing strategies. Sawe's simple pre-race meal of two slices of bread and honey, combined with the strategic pacing that allowed two runners to break the two-hour mark, suggests that the barrier was overcome through a combination of athletic talent and scientific preparation. The presence of both Sawe and Kejelcha under two hours indicates that this was not an isolated performance but potentially the beginning of a new era in marathon running where sub-two-hour times become more common.Future of Elite Marathon PerformanceAs the dust settles on this historic day, questions arise about the future direction of elite marathon running. Will we see more athletes targeting sub-two-hour times? How will this achievement affect training regimens and race strategies? The London Marathon's success in hosting this historic event positions it as a premier destination for future attempts at breaking barriers. Meanwhile, the event's organizers face the challenge of maintaining the delicate balance between supporting elite performance while preserving the inclusive, mass-participation spirit that makes the marathon special. With the two-hour barrier now broken, attention will turn to how much further human endurance can push the limits of what's possible in marathon running, and whether the women's event will see similar breakthroughs in the coming years.

Deadly Highway Bomb Shatters Calm Ahead of Colombia's ElectionA massive explosion ripped through the Pan‑American Highway in southwestern Colombia on Saturday, leaving buses and vans mangled and killing 19 people. The attack arrives less than a month before the nation’s May 31 presidential vote, intensifying fears of political violence.Details of the Pan‑American Highway ExplosionAccording to military chief Hugo Lopez, assailants blocked the road with a bus and another vehicle before detonating a bomb that created a large crater and flipped several cars. The blast occurred in the restive Cauca department, a hotspot for armed‑group activity.Location: Pan‑American Highway, Cauca departmentMethod: Road blockage followed by improvised explosive deviceImmediate aftermath: Crater in roadway, multiple vehicles destroyedCasualty Figures and Attack Frequency in CaucaThe National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences confirmed 19 bodies, while the governor initially reported 14 deaths. Injuries total at least 38.Deaths: 19Injured: 38Recorded attacks in Cauca & Valle del Cauca over the past two days: 26The day before, a bomb hit a military base in Cali, injuring two, underscoring a surge in coordinated violence.Implications for Election Security and Political LandscapeSecurity has become a central theme of the upcoming election. President Gustavo Petro linked the bombing to Ivan Mordisco, the country’s most‑wanted criminal, likening him to the late drug lord Pablo Escobar. All leading candidates—leftist Senator Ivan Cepeda, right‑wing hopefuls Abelardo de la Espriella and Paloma Valencia—have reported death threats and are campaigning under heightened police protection.Key issue: Public safety and rebel‑group activityCandidate reactions: Calls for tougher security measuresGovernment response: Boosted military and police presence, announced by Defence Minister Pedro SanchezWhat the Next Weeks May Hold for Colombia's VoteAnalysts warn that continued attacks could depress voter turnout in affected regions and pressure candidates to adopt harder‑line security platforms. The government’s ability to contain the violence will likely shape public perception of Petro’s leadership and influence the electoral narrative.Monitoring will focus on:Further incidents in Cauca and neighboring departmentsChanges in security deployments ahead of May 31Potential shifts in poll numbers for candidates linked to security policies