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The Bridge Between Art and ScienceWhy do we find things beautiful? More precisely, why do some paintings of coloured dots in rippling patterns inspire in me something like revelation? The idea that beauty is the feeling you get when encountering truth is unfashionable in the arts, but lingers in the sciences. The physicist Paul Dirac once proposed that it is more important that a formula is beautiful than that it can be proven: when a perfectly beautiful theory produces results that cannot be real, he argued, then we should not discard the theory but reconsider what is real.Since the 1970s, Terry Winters has been rebuilding that bridge between art and science. Taking inspiration from disciplines including botany – his early paintings, particularly, evoke sprouting pods and tangled roots – engineering, computer modelling and cybernetics, his paintings might be understood as diagrammatic approximations of the patterns that govern everything from the division of cells to the constellation of stars. If every era has to renew its standards of beauty to reflect new understandings of how the world is constructed, then Winters comes as close to providing that model as any living painter.Mathematical Patterns in Visual ArtThese eight new works take their titles from the language of geometry and mathematics: Area, Array, Field, Locus, Point, Scope, Sequence and Set. Each is composed of overlapping patterns that pull each other out of shape according to invisible laws of attraction and repulsion. Field is indicative: on a sooty pink ground, a dense grid of dusty blue cells bends inwards like a trampoline beneath a bowling ball, while an intersecting arrangement of larger circles swells outwards. The disorienting effect of this push-pull is exaggerated by an optical illusion, created by ragged phosphorescent orange haloes around the blue circles, that makes them appear to be craters sunk into the crust of paint. You have to walk up to the surface to be reassured that it is flat.Point shows a teeming landscape of cells bulging outwards at the centre, as if a scum of frogspawn had been skimmed off a pond and placed under a paperweight microscope. In Sequence, a storm of pink interference skims through a yellow circle split like a brain into hemispheres, while a nebulous weather system sweeps in from the right. In Scope, vaguely symbolic arrangements of freshwater blue and desert orange nodules move across the familiar circle-within-a-square geometry of Leonardo's Vitruvian Man. Where that famous demonstration of sacred geometries exudes stillness and calm, the systems that run through Winters' worlds are wild and strange. Here, as much importance is given to the subjective factors of perception and consciousness as the objective principles of logic and proportion.Optical Illusions and Sensory ExperienceAll of this should not distract from the pure sensory pleasure afforded by these pictures. In Locus, another optical illusion seems to lift the red edge of the painting off the canvas like a clumsy wooden frame, squeezing the pockmarked sphere at its centre so that it balloons outwards, threatening to burst. The same cadmium red, so sandy that the pigment seems barely to have been suspended in oil, turns carmine pockets into rock formations that climb off the surface of Set. These sleights of hand evoke the more secular movement of op art, in which patterns are manipulated to exploit the idiosyncrasies of human perception rather than to uncover deeper truths. Which begs the question: is this all just a conjuring trick?Rediscovering the Renaissance ApproachThere is something magical about these works. Even though Winters is generally credited with having extended the lineage of modernist American painting into the present, his practice is in this sense pre-modern. In its rejection of the idea that art should be separated from science, it resembles the Renaissance attitude according to which painting is no less a tool for understanding the world than mathematics, and magic is just the name for things we don't yet understand. His commitment to synthesising diverse spheres of knowledge, his alchemist's commitment to materials, and his sheer technical ability certainly mark him out in a scene recently overwhelmed by chancers and charlatans, bandwagoners and snake-oil salesmen. That his work is enjoying a revival might be taken as an encouraging sign.Beauty as a Path to TruthDirac, incidentally, was proved right. He formulated a theory that was so beautiful it couldn't possibly be wrong, even though it implied the existence of phenomena that everyone agreed must be impossible. He stood by it, and a few years later, someone else discovered anti-matter. Winters' paintings likewise offer a flash of those secret patterns that underpin the physical world, and which science has yet to illuminate. Which is to say, they're beautiful.Exhibition DetailsTerry Winters: Along the River is at Modern Art, London, until 11 July

The Energy Advantage In the race against China for AI supremacy, the United States dominates when it comes to access to the most cutting-edge semiconductors. But when it comes to powering the huge data centres that run on AI chips, China holds the clear advantage. That's because data centres, the sprawling computing facilities needed to train and run AI models, require vast amounts of energy. A typical data centre can consume as much electricity as 100,000 households, while next-generation “hyperscale” facilities can gobble up as much power as two million homes, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). China's Renewable Energy Boom China already generates more than twice as much electricity as the US, a lead that is expected to widen amid an aggressive state-led investment in the country’s energy grid. BloombergNEF, a research provider, estimates that China will add more than six times as much electricity generation capacity as the US over the next five years. Much of that extra capacity will be in the form of renewables such as solar and wind. In 2025 alone, China increased its wind and solar power capacity by more than 430 gigawatts, accounting for more than half of the additional capacity in the renewables added globally that year. The Impact on Data Centres A key element of China’s AI strategy involves integrating its data centres into its rapidly expanding renewables sector. Under the “East Data, West Computing” initiative, China’s government is concentrating the construction of new data centres in the country’s sparsely populated interior, where land and renewable energy sources are abundant compared with the heavily built-up eastern seaboard. Earlier this month, Beijing announced the start of operations at the country’s first “large-scale” renewable energy project to be linked directly to a data centre. Narrowing the Gap For now, the US still has the largest data centre footprint by a wide margin. According to Stanford University’s AI Index, the US had an estimated 5,427 data centres in 2025, compared with 449 in China. But as China constructs data centres at a blistering pace – its number of data centre racks grew 30 percent annually from 2016 to 2023, according to the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology – the gap between the superpowers is rapidly narrowing. The Future Outlook “In the long run, the country that can provide cheap, stable, low-carbon electricity will have a major advantage in AI infrastructure,” Qiyang Xiong, a PhD candidate at Renmin University of China who specialises in AI and energy policy, told Al Jazeera. “China is a global leader in solar, wind and ultra-high-voltage transmission,” Xiong said. “This gives it an advantage in supplying western data centre clusters with large volumes of relatively cheap, clean electricity.”

Escalating El Niño Probability and UN WarningThe United Nations has warned that the world must prepare for the imminent return of El Niño, a powerful weather pattern that raises global temperatures and drives extreme weather. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) reported an 80% chance of El Niño forming before September and a 90% chance before November.Projected Climate Impacts Across Key Asian RegionsIndia: Expected below‑average monsoon rainfall, extending the current heatwave and threatening wheat and mustard crops.China: Anticipated 20% higher rainfall in southern regions, with some areas forecast to receive over 200 mm of rain; the Qinghai‑Tibetan plateau warned of “unpredictable and extreme” conditions.General: Intensifying heat and drought could stress agriculture, power grids, and water supplies across the continent.Sectoral Vulnerabilities: Agriculture, Power Grids, and Water SuppliesExperts highlight a “deadly combination” for India, where delayed monsoon rains could exacerbate the ongoing energy crisis and jeopardise food security. In Mumbai, the city’s seven rain‑fed lakes hold only enough water for 45 days, raising the risk of a severe water shortage if rains are delayed. In China, flood‑prone regions face heightened storm risk, while drought‑sensitive areas worry about power‑grid strain.Looking Ahead: Preparedness Measures and Uncertain OutlookNational climate agencies in both India and China are urging stockpiling of emergency supplies and issuing weather warnings. The UN stresses that El Niño’s impacts will be “super‑charged” by human‑driven climate change, making the upcoming summer and autumn seasons especially unpredictable for the region.

The Climate Policy Reversal in Blue States Democratic-led states are eroding their climate policies, as red states are scaling up their clean energy deployment. California on Friday scaled back its cap-and-invest program, offering more than $3bn in free pollution allowances to polluting companies. Earlier the same week, New York weakened its groundbreaking climate law, delaying a plan to regulate carbon from 2024 until 2028 and reducing emissions-slashing targets. Rhode Island's governor, meanwhile, is attempting to roll back aggressive clean-energy programs. The Economic Justification vs. Climate Imperative The moves come as Donald Trump's administration withdraws clean energy incentives and energy savings programs, and as energy prices spike across the country amid trade disruptions stemming from the US-Israeli war on Iran. Proponents have said the changes are necessary to suppress electricity costs, but climate advocates say that view is short-sighted and misguided. "Using affordability as a cudgel to weaken climate policy is a major error that will not solve either crisis, ultimately amplifying both," said Johanna Bozuwa, executive director of the Climate and Community Institute, a left-leaning thinktank. "Extreme weather and fossil-fuel dependency directly inflate costs – for food, energy, transportation, housing, and health – across the economy for working people." American Public Opinion on Climate Change Polls show most Americans are concerned about the climate crisis. An annual poll from Gallup, published in April, shows that 44% of American adults say they worry "a great deal" about global warming – one of the highest levels of concern since 1989, when the poll was first conducted, behind only 2020 and 2017. About 65% of registered voters in the US also think global heating is driving up the cost of living, according to a report published in December by Yale University and George Mason University. Red States Lead Clean Energy Buildout In contrast to many Democratic-led jurisdictions, red states have tended to dominate renewable energy deployment in recent years. In terms of growth of utility-scale renewables, states that voted for Donald Trump in the 2024 presidential election made up eight of the top 10 in the year to March, according to Energy Information Administration data. Indiana tops the list of states with the most clean energy capacity growth in that timeframe, followed by Kentucky and Utah. More broadly, though, it is Texas that has emerged as the country's leading clean energy superpower, despite its strong ties to the oil and gas industry and unsuccessful attempts within the Republican-led legislature to curb the growth of wind and solar. Texas leads the country in wind energy production, followed by fellow red states Iowa, Oklahoma and Kansas, and in March overtook California in utility-scale solar, too. The Paradox of Climate Leadership Meanwhile, the states scaling back their emissions-cutting policies have long called themselves climate leaders. When Governor Gavin Newsom of California extended his state's cap-and-invest program last year, he said: "We're doubling down on our best tool to combat Trump's assaults on clean air … by making polluters pay for projects that support our most impacted communities." The changes could end up giving more money to the fossil fuel producers and distributors who have been increasing consumers' energy prices amid the Iran war, said Bahram Fazeli, Policy Director with Communities for a Better Environment, a grassroots organization in California. "There's no reason to think that giving them more free allowances will actually help motivate them to lower gas prices more," he said. Long-Term Economic Implications New York advocates are also skeptical about whether the weakening of the 2019 Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act – which the state touted as among the strongest climate laws the country – will deliver long-term benefits. The state legislature last week reached a deal with Governor Kathy Hochul to remove a 2030 mandate to cut planet-warming pollution by 40% from 1990 levels, instead including language to aim for a 60% by 2040 if it is "feasible and cost effective" to do so. "Even though you might see bill savings initially, that's going to come at the cost of locked-in, higher energy costs in the future, as the grid has to procure more energy that would otherwise have been saved," Anna Johnson, a senior policy manager State at American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, told Baltimore's NPR affiliate WYPR; she estimates that the moves could ultimately increase households' electricity costs by $592m. The True Cost of Inaction The climate crisis itself also costs for working people, said Mar Zepeda Salazar, legislative director of the national environmental justice coalition Climate Justice Alliance. "You can lower costs on paper by weakening protections, but the bill still comes due," she said. "It just shows up in emergency rooms, insurance premiums, utility bills, lost wages, and disaster recovery – that families pay, not industry."

Meta's Tent‑Based AI Data Centers: The Quick TakeMeta is rolling out a fleet of weather‑proof tents in New Albany, Ohio, to host multi‑gigawatt AI hardware, a strategy that mirrors Tesla’s fast‑track factory shelters and xAI’s off‑grid turbine power. The rapid‑deployment approach is designed to cut construction time by 50% and help curb the company’s $145 billion data‑center budget.Rapid‑Deployment Tent Structures in OhioAccording to Michael Thomas of Cleanview, Meta erected six "rapid deployment structures" between April and June 2026. The permits show five tents, each covering 125,000 sq ft, have already been completed, with satellite imagery confirming their presence.Location: New Albany, OhioNumber of tents: 6 (5 confirmed by permits)Size per tent: 125,000 sq ftConstruction window: April–June 2026Cost and Capacity Numbers Behind the TentsMeta plans to power the sites with 200 MW of modular gas turbines, a setup also used by competitor xAI. The company has pledged up to $145 billion for data‑center and related capital expenditures, while its stock has slipped 5 % year‑to‑date.Power source: 200 MW modular gas turbinesCapital spend target: $145 billionStock impact: down 5 % YTDStrategic Implications for the AI Infrastructure RaceThe tent model reflects Meta’s urgency to deliver its AI models, especially after delays in releasing the Muse Spark APIs. By reducing build time and leveraging off‑grid power, Meta hopes to stay competitive against rivals that are scaling traditional brick‑and‑mortar facilities.What the Tent Trend Means for Meta’s FutureIf the Ohio pilot proves successful, Meta is expected to replicate the tent strategy at dozens of campuses across the United States, potentially reshaping how large‑scale AI hardware is deployed industry‑wide. Analysts will watch for cost savings, speed of rollout, and any regulatory pushback as the “Mad Max” phase of the AI race unfolds.

What’s on the board: Four new chess‑inspired puzzlesToday’s article presents a quartet of quirky chess problems curated by We Solve Problems. The puzzles are designed for maths‑loving readers and aim to spark discussion rather than reveal solutions.Odd‑game parity proof – why the count of odd‑play participants is evenIn a tournament where not every player faces every other, some competitors play an odd number of games. The task is to prove that the number of such players must be even, a classic graph‑theoretic result.Knight’s tour from bottom‑right to top‑left – is a full tour possible?Starting from the bottom‑right corner of an 8×8 board, can a knight visit every square exactly once and finish in the top‑left corner? This asks for a Hamiltonian path in the knight‑move graph.Pawn promotion round‑trip – minimal moves to return homeWith both sides cooperating, determine the fewest moves for a pawn to leave its starting square, promote to a queen, and then travel back to its original position.Swapping knights on an irregular grid – the abstract solutionA strangely‑shaped grid holds two pairs of knights. The challenge is to exchange the positions of the black knights with the white knights using only legal knight moves.Why these puzzles matter – boosting maths circles and chess cultureThey promote logical thinking and problem‑solving among secondary‑school students.The article references recent documentaries on Judit Polgár and Hans Niemann, linking popular chess media to educational outreach.We Solve Problems runs free maths circles across the UK, using puzzles like these to engage young learners.Looking ahead – more weekly challenges from the charityThe author will return at 5 pm UK time with solutions and promises future puzzles every alternate Monday. Readers are encouraged to discuss the problems but avoid spoilers.

A team of researchers from Princeton and Oxford has uncovered a decades‑old handwritten note by Richard Feynman that formulates a mathematical solution to the classic “restaurant‑stopping” problem faced by travelers.Decoding Feynman's Hidden Stopping ProblemThe study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reconstructs Feynman's original equation, which advises diners to keep trying new venues until a quality threshold is met. That threshold is not static; it declines more rapidly as the remaining nights in a city decrease, reflecting the diminishing value of future visits to a discovered gem.Feynman's notes were handwritten in the 1970s after a lunch with friend Ralph Leighton.The model assumes a fixed range of restaurant quality and equal probability of encountering any quality level.When the distribution of restaurant quality is uneven, the optimal threshold shifts—higher when few gems exist, lower when most venues are above average.Experimental Findings from 2,520 ParticipantsTo test human behaviour, the authors recruited 2,520 volunteers for an online simulation where participants imagined staying in a city for varying lengths of time and chose restaurants from a grid.Participants’ thresholds fell linearly with the proportion of nights remaining, rather than the rapid decline predicted by Feynman's formula.Despite its simplicity, the linear rule performed comparably to the original solution in the simulated environment.Implications for Decision‑Making and Tourism BehaviourThe findings bridge theoretical optimal‑stopping theory with everyday intuition, suggesting that people naturally adopt a decreasing‑threshold strategy when faced with limited opportunities. This insight could inform:Tourism recommendation engines that adapt suggestions as a trip progresses.Behavioral economics models of consumer search in other domains (e.g., housing, job hunting).Design of AI assistants that balance exploration and exploitation in real‑time.Future Directions for Adaptive Choice ModelsThe authors propose extending the model to dynamic environments where restaurant quality distributions change over time, and to incorporate personal preference heterogeneity. Real‑world field trials in travel apps could validate whether a linear decreasing threshold improves user satisfaction and discovery rates.

The High-Stakes Conflict Off the TrackWhile drivers Alex Albon and Carlos Sainz, alongside Team Principal James Vowles, push for a competitive revival on the asphalt, the Williams boardroom is embroiled in chaos. Parent company Dorilton and former Chief Marketing Officer Claudia Schwarz are locked in a multi-jurisdictional legal war involving defamation, fraud, and explosive cultural claims that reach the highest levels of the organization's ownership.Allegations of Discrimination and Hidden ControlSchwarz asserts she was terminated in November 2022 for pushing back against discriminatory directives. She alleges that Peter de Putron, a billionaire Conservative party donor, is the secret controlling force behind the team. Furthermore, her filings claim De Putron explicitly ordered that the team not be marketed to African Americans or the LGBTQ community, and blocked charitable support for Ukraine. Dorilton maintains De Putron is merely a passive investor and vehemently denies all discrimination claims.The $6.9 Million Financial DisputeThe financial core of Dorilton's lawsuit revolves around a staggering $6.9 million (£5.13 million). Dorilton claims Schwarz and former holding company CEO Darren Fultz colluded to defraud the company through inflated agency fees and illicit expenses. Schwarz vehemently denies this, framing the fraud allegation as a retaliatory smear campaign that ultimately destroyed her 25-year-old business.Dorilton's Claim: Schwarz illicitly took $6.9m via inflated fees from her agency, Stilus, and inappropriate expense reports.Schwarz's Defense: The charges only emerged after she sued for breach of contract and are entirely fabricated.Personal Allegations: Dorilton executives, including Chair Matthew Savage, alleged an inappropriate relationship between Schwarz and Fultz based on hotel dinners and text emojis, which both parties deny.Reputational Damage in the PaddockThe fallout has spilled into specialized motorsport media, notably involving a controversial article in Business F1 magazine that described Schwarz using deeply sexist tropes. Schwarz alleges Dorilton leadership maliciously leaked false information to the publication to destroy her credibility. This public mudslinging introduces severe reputational risk, potentially alienating sponsors and tarnishing the historic Williams brand just as it attempts to modernize.A Prolonged Legal Gridlock Looming Over 2027With multiple cases active in New York and Florida, the legal proceedings show no signs of a swift resolution. A standalone libel lawsuit in Florida is already scheduled for a trial date in June 2027. As discovery continues and motions to dismiss are filed, the ultimate ownership structure and internal culture of Williams F1 will remain under intense public and legal scrutiny, creating a long-term distraction for the racing franchise.

Ferrari announced that Charles Leclerc has signed a long‑term contract extension ahead of the Monaco Grand Prix, securing the 28‑year‑old driver for the "coming seasons" and reinforcing the Scuderia’s driver lineup for the crucial second half of the 2026 Formula One campaign. Leclerc Signs Multi‑Year Extension Before Home Race The Italian team revealed the deal on Wednesday, quoting a statement from Leclerc: "I couldn’t be happier to continue this journey with Scuderia Ferrari HP. It has always been so much more than just a team to me." Team principal Fred Vasseur added that the renewal felt "natural" after years of mutual growth. Contract Numbers and Championship Standings 155 Grand Prix starts for Ferrari – second only to Michael Schumacher in team history. 8 race victories since joining in 2019. Current position: 3rd in the 2026 drivers’ championship. Points gap: 56 points behind Mercedes driver Kimi Antonelli, who leads the standings. Leclerc is 3 points ahead of teammate Lewis Hamilton, who sits fourth. Season podiums: 2 (Australia and Japan). What the Extension Means for Ferrari’s 2026 Campaign Keeping Leclerc provides Ferrari with continuity at a time when the team is striving to end a title drought that dates back to 2008. The driver’s deep familiarity with the car, the team’s culture, and his proven performance on low‑speed circuits like Monaco give the Scuderia a strategic edge as the calendar shifts toward tracks where grid position and tyre management dominate. Moreover, the contract signals confidence to sponsors and shareholders, potentially stabilising the financial outlook after a winless season since 2024. Outlook for Leclerc and Ferrari at Monaco and Beyond Leclerc’s home‑race advantage, combined with his three pole positions at Monaco in the last five years, makes him a strong contender for victory. A podium finish would boost morale and could narrow the points gap to Mercedes. Looking ahead, the extension suggests Ferrari will continue to develop a car that maximises cornering speed, a trait that aligns with Leclerc’s driving style. If the team can translate that into consistent race‑pace, the championship battle could tighten dramatically in the latter half of the season.