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The Rise of Middle-earth: Tolkien's Triumph Over Literary ClassicsIn a remarkable shift from established literary canon, JRR Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings has topped The Guardian's readers' poll of the 100 greatest novels published in English, displacing George Eliot's Middlemarch from its previous position. The trilogy, which didn't even feature when authors, critics and academics made their selection, has resonated deeply with readers across the globe, from Uruguay to the Isle of Skye, Albuquerque to Sydney.The Enduring Appeal of Epic FantasyThe Lord of the Rings' victory speaks to its unique ability to connect with readers on a fundamental level. As one Alabama voter noted, the novel contains "profound meaning about the importance of life, sacrifice, the natural world, corruption of power, the evils of war, generosity of spirit." Its influence extends across generations and cultures, with readers from various backgrounds citing its immersive world-building, complex themes, and emotional resonance as reasons for its enduring popularity.The novel's journey to the top is particularly noteworthy given its unconventional publication history. Originally conceived as a single work but published as a trilogy after negotiations between Tolkien and his publisher, the series has transcended its format to become a cultural touchstone. Readers have been drawn to its blend of ancient mythological elements with modern storytelling techniques, creating what one voter described as a world that "still persists in my memory."Notable Shifts in Literary RankingsReaders exercised their power to significantly reshape the literary landscape compared to the previous critics' list. Joseph Heller's Catch-22, which "just squeaked into the first list," has now jumped to the eighth position, ranked higher than established classics like Ulysses, Anna Karenina, and The Great Gatsby. Similarly, David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest, absent from the original list, now sits in 31st position, sharing its ranking with The Master and Margarita, The Poisonwood Bible, and The Remains of the Day.The list also reveals interesting patterns in reader preferences compared to critics. While Victorian literature maintains a strong presence, with Middlemarch's "consistent showing" and other works by Eliot, Dickens, and Hardy, readers have elevated contemporary works that critics may have overlooked. The enduring popularity of Jane Austen, readers' most nominated writer overall, demonstrates the continued relevance of classic literature in modern reading culture.The Absence of Literary Giants and Changing TastesStaggeringly, the list shows no recognition for work by several male titans of recent American literature—no Bellow, no Roth, no Updike, no DeLillo. This absence highlights the "waxing and waning of reputation" and the "speed with which literary fashion forms and reforms." Similarly, some English novelists who were once central to cultural life—no Iris Murdoch, or CP Snow, or Angus Wilson—failed to make the cut.The list also reveals a notable absence of lighter, humorous works. While Terry Pratchett and Douglas Adams secured places with their respective series, other comedic authors like PG Wodehouse, Nancy Mitford, and Jerome K Jerome were overlooked. This raises questions about how "best" often equates to "serious" or "weighty" literature in critical assessments, despite the inherent value of humor in storytelling.The Future of Literary Canons and Reader InfluenceThis readers' poll demonstrates the power of audience participation in shaping cultural narratives. Unlike previous lists compiled by critics and academics, this one reflects the genuine preferences of a diverse readership, leading to a more eclectic and contemporary selection of works. The inclusion of newer entries like John Kennedy Toole's A Confederacy of Dunces—published posthumously and now sharing the 32nd position—suggests that readers are more willing to embrace overlooked or rediscovered literary gems.As literary tastes continue to evolve, we can expect similar shifts in how we value and rank literature. The enduring popularity of works like The Lord of the Rings, which combines epic storytelling with universal themes, suggests that readers continue to seek narratives that transcend time and place. While established classics will always have their place, the growing influence of reader preferences may lead to a more diverse and inclusive literary canon in the future.

The Enduring Magic of Baseball Baseball's relationship with superstitions and curses stretches back to its earliest days, with the infamous Curse of the Billy Goat being just one example. When Chicago bar owner William Sianis was denied entry to the 1945 World Series with his pet goat Murphy, he allegedly cursed the team, which then went 71 years without winning another championship. This story, along with countless other rituals and beliefs, forms the foundation of baseball's unique relationship with the magical and supernatural. A New Book Explores Baseball's Mystical Side Author, journalist, and New York Mets fan Addy Baird has chronicled baseball's rich tradition of superstitions in her new book, "The Magical Game: The Spirit and History of Baseball's Superstitions, Rituals, and Curses." Baird became fascinated with baseball's magical elements while cheering for the Mets, finding herself becoming increasingly superstitious as the team had successful stretches. "I changed the way I acted, things I did, wore, watched, said, ate," she admits, trying to influence the team's performance through her own rituals. Legendary Superstitions and Rituals The book documents numerous baseball superstitions throughout history. Turn-of-the-century managers like Connie Mack and John McGraw relied on human mascots to bring their teams good luck. Wade Boggs famously ate chicken before every game during his career in the 1980s and 1990s. More recently, a Seattle Mariners fan believes that holding a pair of slippers somehow negatively affected his team's performance, while a Tampa Bay Rays fan plays Middle Earth music during difficult innings despite having no interest in Lord of the Rings. Even in softball, superstitions persist—this week it was revealed that a top college player eats ladybugs in the dugout for good luck. The Psychology Behind Baseball's Magic When asked what makes baseball particularly prone to magical thinking, Baird identifies several factors: the presence of luck, the game's unique structure, and its repetitive nature. "Basically, when a sport has fewer instances of scoring, luck is a bigger factor," she explains. Baseball's structure is also distinctive as "one of the only games we play, and the only major North American sport, where the defense has the ball," creating an uncertain environment. The repetitive nature of the game—with batters facing dozens of pitches over a 162-game season—further compounds the uncertainty, creating what Baird calls "a perfect environment for magic to thrive." Baseball's Mythological Foundations Baird connects baseball's structure to ancient mythological patterns, noting that MLB's official historian John Thorn observed that "the form of the game itself mirrors that of the Odyssey." The nine innings represent the hero's journey: starting at home, facing potential failure, and embarking on a journey with the goal of returning home. "The story of this myth is embedded in the game itself. Magic is in its very structure," Baird concludes. This connection helps explain why baseball has developed such rich traditions and superstitions throughout its history. Evolution of Baseball's Magic The book also examines how recent changes to baseball, including sabermetrics and new rules like the pitch clock, might affect the game's magical elements. Initially, Baird believed these changes were killing baseball's magic, but her research revealed a long tradition of people claiming "baseball is dying" since the 1860s. She now believes "the game should evolve, an unchanging thing is a dead thing." Interestingly, she finds that sabermetrics actually "help us to see what makes [baseball] unique, what makes it special, what makes players exceptionally good... Those numbers reveal to us the magic." Baseball's Appeal Beyond the Field Through her research, Baird not only completed a manuscript but also discovered a new career path. In addition to her journalism work, she has become a practicing astrologer. "It was one of my really interesting side quests," she says. "I do readings for people, reading charts." Whether you're a baseball enthusiast or someone interested in magic and ritual, "The Magical Game" offers something for everyone. As Baird explains, "it's a book for people who love baseball, also for those who do not care about baseball at all" and "for the people who love magic, looking at it through a lens they may never have considered before."

The Pixelate Phenomenon Pixelate, a rave currently touring the UK, is a hyperactive fever dream celebrating the 00s era of 'internet cringe'. The events are filled with high-octane versions of 00s memes, video games, cartoons, and dancefloor hits. The Internet-Culture Rave Scene Themed nights have been around for decades, but today's immersive raves go beyond generic themes and deploy hyper-specific memes and pop-cultural references. Examples include Shrek Rave, Lord of the Rings rave, and Dubtendo, a video game-themed rave with over 100,000 followers on Instagram. The Founder's Vision Pixelate's 22-year-old founder, DJ Compulsive Leia, started raving in early 2024 and fell in love with the scene after attending a Sonic the Hedgehog-themed rave. She began Pixelate in December 2024 with a small venue event that drew 100 people, which has since grown into sellout events across the UK. The Cultural Significance Patrick Hinton, editor of dance music magazine Mixmag, notes that online culture's reach has made dance music 'a lot less tribal.' People are less strict about their tastes due to the internet's expansive influence, softening cultural boundaries. The Future of Rave Culture The UK's cost-of-living crisis and changing nighttime economy have driven the growth of immersive raves like Pixelate. These events offer a space for people to indulge in their interests without judgment, creating a sense of community and fun.

The Actor's Stand for EqualityLord of the Rings star and prominent activist Ian McKellen has joined a march against the criminalisation of LGBTQ+ people in Commonwealth countries, calling it an "appalling situation." The renowned actor lent his voice and visibility to protesters in central London, highlighting the ongoing legal persecution of LGBTQ+ individuals across nations that were once part of the British Empire.The Commonwealth Walk of ShameThe demonstration, officially billed as the "Commonwealth Walk of Shame," was organized by the Peter Tatchell Foundation and the Out and Proud African LGBTI Network. After being addressed by Sir Ian and Nigerian activist Babatunde Akanwale Osunseyi, marchers set off to protest outside the high commissions of eight Commonwealth countries that criminalize LGBTQ+ people. They began at the Nigerian High Commission before proceeding to those of Uganda, Papua New Guinea, Trinidad and Tobago, Ghana, Jamaica, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.Global Scale of Anti-LGBTQ+ LegislationThe protest specifically highlighted laws in 29 Commonwealth countries where same-sex relationships remain illegal. In six of those nations, LGBTQ+ people face life imprisonment, while Uganda and Nigeria still carry the death penalty for same-sex relationships. Despite the march not being a "huge" gathering, Sir Ian hoped that "word will get back" to people in those countries that they are supported by international voices.Colonial Legacy of DiscriminationBefore addressing the crowd, Sir Ian explained the historical context of these laws: "When Britain had an empire, it introduced into countries far away from here the laws that we had in this country, including the laws against gay people." He noted that while these laws have been repealed in Britain, they "remain stuck in the remnants of the British empire now known as the Commonwealth." The actor emphasized that much of the anti-LGBTQ+ hatred seen across Africa and Asia was "exported there" by "cruel" colonial laws.Call for Commonwealth ActionSir Ian urged Commonwealth countries to "live up to the standards and declaration of the Commonwealth and repeal" these outdated laws. He pointed out that the Commonwealth never discusses this problem on its agenda, and hoped that events like this demonstration would "nudge politicians into talking about something which is of such concern." The crowd held up signs calling for King Charles to "apologise for previous monarchs" and highlighting "75 years" of homophobic persecution within the Commonwealth.The actor stressed that this demonstration was "not about hatred" but about "a love of justice, a love of equality." As a prominent figure with global recognition, Sir Ian's participation brought significant attention to the ongoing human rights issues facing LGBTQ+ individuals in many Commonwealth nations.

The Final Episode of The Late Show Celebrities, politicians, and New Yorkers paid their respects to Stephen Colbert as the Late Show aired its final episode on Thursday. The long-running chat show, which started back in 2015, was cancelled last year by CBS, purportedly because of a financial decision. But many believed it was a result of the network's increasing closeness with Donald Trump, who Colbert regularly criticised. A Bittersweet Goodbye Last night's episode saw the host bid an emotional farewell with the help of celebrity guests including Paul McCartney, Paul Rudd, Ryan Reynolds, and Bryan Cranston. "We love doing the show for you but what we really love is doing the show with you," he said to the audience at home. Colbert hosted more than 1,800 episodes of the Late Show, taking over the mantle from David Letterman. Tributes from Around the World Former president Joe Biden, who had previously guested on the show, also joined the chorus this week with a tribute on Instagram. "There aren't many who can make people think and laugh at the same time," he wrote. "For years, Stephen brought wit, heart, and honesty to late night television. America could always count on a laugh – and sometimes a needed reality check. Congrats on an incredible run, my friend." The Impact of Colbert's Comedy Jane Fonda was among celebrities featured in a video put together by her newly relaunched Committee for the First Amendment. "He made us laugh and he never flinched," the Oscar-winning actor said. "We've watched this administration suppress dissent repeatedly." Colbert already has his next gig lined up with the long-term JRR Tolkien fan set to co-write a new Peter Jackson-produced film tentatively titled The Lord of the Rings: Shadow of the Past. The Future of Late-Night Television The Late Show is being replaced by Comics Unleashed, an unscripted comedy series from comedian and media mogul Byron Allen. The entire set from the show is being donated to the Museum of Broadcast Communications in Chicago.

The Final Curtain: Colbert’s Farewell and the Countdown of Iconic SegmentsThe week of 21 May 2026 marks the end of two eras in network television: the original Late Show format created by David Letterman in 1993 and Stephen Colbert’s 11‑year stewardship. To commemorate the departure, the Guardian compiled the ten standout moments that defined Colbert’s tenure, ranging from political takedowns to whimsical pop‑culture tributes. 2016 – The Hungry for Power Games Recap: A satirical deep‑dive into both the Republican and Democratic conventions, complete with a purple wig and a pet ferret. 2017 – Goodbye to Bill O’Reilly: Colbert resurrected his on‑air alter‑ego to lampoon the former Fox News pundit. 2019 – Alex Jones in Court: A gag that turned Jones’s courtroom testimony into a comedic sketch. 2017 – Sending a Message to Trump: A razor‑sharp monologue that sparked #FireColbert trends. 2019 – Liv Tyler’s LOTR Fantasy: The actress handed Colbert an Elven sword for a reenactment of an iconic scene. 2019 – Conan Takes Over: A role‑swap that gave viewers a glimpse of a parallel late‑night universe. 2020 – Grief Talk with Joe Biden: A heartfelt Skype interview during the pandemic’s peak. 2022 – Faith & Comedy with Dua Lipa: A spiritually‑tinged conversation that broke the typical pop‑star interview mold. 2026 – Strike Force Five Reunion: Colbert joined fellow hosts to support writers during the 2023 WGA strike. 2026 – Letterman & Colbert Destroy CBS Property: A chaotic finale stunt with former host David Letterman. The Numbers Behind the Late Show’s DominanceDespite the announced cancellation, the show maintained the highest ratings among late‑night talk shows for nine consecutive years. Executives framed the decision as a purely financial move, yet the timing coincided with an $8 billion merger between Paramount (CBS’s parent) and Skydance, fueling speculation of political motivations linked to the Trump era. Why Colbert’s Exit Reshapes Late‑Night CultureColbert’s blend of political satire and genuine human moments cultivated a distinct brand that resonated with both partisan and non‑partisan audiences. His willingness to tackle controversial figures—Trump, O’Reilly, Alex Jones—while also embracing pop‑culture fandom (Lord of the Rings, Dua Lipa) broadened the genre’s appeal. The show’s collaborative spirit, exemplified by the Strike Force Five podcast, set a precedent for solidarity among competing hosts. Looking Ahead: The Future Landscape of Late‑Night TelevisionWith the Late Show ending, CBS faces a strategic crossroads: replace the flagship with a new format or double‑down on streaming‑first content. Competitors may seize the ratings vacuum, while Colbert’s legacy suggests that future hosts will need to balance sharp political commentary with authentic, human‑interest storytelling to retain audience loyalty.

The Rise of Louis Mosley as Palantir's Public Face The hall was packed with rightwing radicals when Louis Mosley heralded a coming revolution. Just as Oliver Cromwell – that “crusader for Christ and liberty” – routed King Charles I’s royalists, “a similar revolution is brewing today”, said the UK and Europe boss of Palantir. Globalism’s “twilight” was upon us, he said in a speech dotted with admiring mentions of the podcaster Joe Rogan and “Elon’s Doge”. Palantir's Controversial Stance and Mosley's Role It was not a typical peroration for a big UK government contractor with more than £600m in deals with the NHS, the Ministry of Defence and police. But Palantir, the world’s most controversial tech company, is no typical contractor. In recent years it has gained firm footholds across Britain’s public sector while appalling critics with its leadership’s rightwing rhetoric and its work for the US and Israeli militaries and Donald Trump’s ICE immigration crackdown. Mosley's Background and Connection to Palantir Mosley is an important figure at Palantir. He is not trained as a technologist, but worked in Tory politics, including spells as an assistant to Rory Stewart and as a councillor in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. He read history at Oxford where he met his wife, Nura Khan, a fashion editor, with whom he has four children. He is more likely to be seen reading biographies – Aneurin Bevan and Stalin have been recent subjects – than coding manuals. The Challenges Facing Mosley and Palantir Calls are growing for Keir Starmer’s government to cut its ties with the company that was co-founded by the Trump-backing tech billionaire Peter Thiel. It means Mosley has become a lightning rod for public fear of a US tech takeover of the British state. It has fallen to him to fight back. Almost daily his boyish features can be seen defending Palantir against its critics on X.com, on podcasts and on BBC News sofas. The Future of Palantir and Mosley's Role Mosley has embraced the foundational idea of Palantir, launched after 9/11 to help the US win the war on terror. It was named after the all-seeing crystal stones from The Lord of the Rings, which, as Mosley later explained, “are made by the goodies – by elves – but they fall into the hands of the baddies – the wizards – and they get used for evil purposes”. It is, said Mosley, a constant reminder that “you’re building a very, very powerful tool, and in the wrong hands, very powerful tools can be extremely dangerous. But in the right hands, they can be used to do extraordinarily good things.”

The Lead: Europe's Defense AwakeningIn a small workshop in England's East Midlands, engineers at the British startup Skycutter are designing weapons for Ukraine. The swarms of cheap, deadly and often autonomous drones deployed in that war have already changed combat completely, forcing European militaries to scramble to catch up in a drive to spend billions on weaponry. This push comes with added pressure from Donald Trump's wavering on the Nato alliance and the US president's insistence that members increase defence budgets.The New Arms Race: Survivable vs. Attritable WeaponsMilitaries do not believe they can totally dispense with people or heavier machinery such as tanks, artillery and ships. But a big chunk of the planned spending will go on drones of various sizes, whether for the air, land, sea or below the waves. Gen Sir Roly Walker, the UK's chief of the general staff, last year said he wanted the forces' equipment to be 20% "survivable" (because they have people inside), 40% "attritable" (you aren't too worried if they're destroyed), and 40% "consumable" (single use).The growing feeling across Europe is that "we should be able to stand up on our own two feet," according to one person at a fast-growing weapons startup. "Sovereignty is about control. If you buy things off the shelf from elsewhere you are always ceding some control." That applies to parts and materials as well. The UK is consulting on how much needs to come from Britain for a product to be sovereign. Manufacturers cannot necessarily rely on parts and materials from various countries who could become adversaries – notably China.The Financial Surge: €800 Billion and CountingThe EU has responded by promising to spend €800bn on defence over four years. The UK has also pledged to put aside more, with Keir Starmer likely to come under pressure to show progress after Labour's heavy losses in recent elections. A crop of well-funded startups are gaining momentum and expanding production, making big promises – many still unproven – that they can do a better job than traditional manufacturers and Silicon Valley rivals.European defence tech unicorns include Helsing, a German company backed by the Spotify founder Daniel Ek, and the German drone makers Quantum Systems and Stark Defence. Stark and Helsing recently won orders from Germany's military for attack drones, while all but Quantum are investing in UK factories. The British missile maker Cambridge Aerospace – controversially chaired by the former defence secretary Grant Shapps – is reportedly also close to joining the billion-dollar ranks.Geopolitical Shifts: Redefining European Defence PostureThe unsettling combination of Trump and war on the doorstep has sharpened long-running criticism that the continent has relied too much on US weapons makers. "A lot of supply chain diversification dreams have evaporated," says Kusti Salm, a former Estonian defence mandarin turned chief executive of the anti-drone missile startup Frankenburg. "I think it's natural if Europe wants to sustain its prosperity and freedom."Ricardo Mendes, chief executive of the drone maker Tekever, says the advent of unmanned aerial vehicles has prompted "a radical transformation in how defence technology is built", with companies betting on future demand for kit rather than locking in long-term contracts before starting. Tekever, which Mendes co-founded in Portugal in 2001, reached a billion-dollar "unicorn" valuation last year, and has 1,200 people, including new factories in the UK's drone cluster in Swindon, Wiltshire, and another in Cahors, south-west France.The Future Outlook: European Defence Innovation EcosystemUS rival unicorns include the drone maker Shield AI, the autonomous boat company Saronic Technologies, and the anti-drone weapons company Epirus. But two companies with names taken from JRR Tolkien's Lord of the Rings lead the American pack: the software company Palantir and the autonomous weapons maker Anduril. Both are making significant inroads into Europe, particularly the UK, but that expansion is coming under scrutiny as European politicians balk at their stridently pro-Trump backers.Palantir was backed by the billionaire Trump donor Peter Thiel. Thiel, a vocal critic of liberal democracies, has also backed Stark, which has raised concerns in Germany, though Stark says Thiel has no direct operational or strategic influence. Palantir's chief executive, Alex Karp, has repeatedly extolled American dominance, while Anduril is run by 33-year-old Palmer Luckey, who has personally hosted a Trump fundraiser and has cultivated close ties with the administration.As Europe pours billions into defense technology and sovereignty, the landscape of global defense manufacturing is being reshaped. The coming years will determine whether European startups can deliver on their promises and establish a sustainable defense ecosystem independent of traditional suppliers and geopolitical dependencies.

The Ultimate Wizard Showdown When asked who would win a fight between Gandalf and Dumbledore, the iconic actor who portrayed both legendary wizards didn't hesitate with his answer. "Why on earth would they be fighting? But Gandy, of course, would win. The original wizard," McKellen declared, settling the debate that has captivated fantasy fans for years. A Life in Theater Reflecting on his more than six decades in acting, McKellen lamented the decline of repertory theater in the UK. "My first job, in 1961, was at the Belgrade theatre in Coventry," he recalled. "Every city of similar size had a repertory company, presenting a new production every two weeks, and crucially providing employment for tyro actors in need of a prolonged apprenticeship." Today, he noted, there is not a single rep company in the UK, a system he credits with helping develop new talent. Personal Reflections McKellen shared insights into his personal beliefs, explaining that while he was raised with gospel stories, he stopped worshipping in his teens. "Since then, Quakers are the religious society I most admire, for their adherence to the sixth commandment and for being the first Christians to support gay rights in the UK." He also discussed how his father's preaching style influenced him, though it was actors who first captivated him rather than religious figures. Behind the Scenes of Middle-earth The actor revealed that Peter Jackson never confirmed which stars turned down the role of Gandalf in Lord of the Rings. "I've never managed to persuade Peter to confirm who turned down the wizard part of a lifetime," McKellen shared. He speculated that David Bowie's striking looks and voice might have emphasized the supernatural side of Gandalf rather than the character's humanity that attracted him to the role. Beyond Middle-earth Beyond his iconic fantasy roles, McKellen discussed his appreciation for pantomime as a uniquely theatrical art form. "Pantomime uses every possible theatrical device to tell its moral tales – slapstick, sentiment, song, dance, verse, cross-dressing, community singing, extravagant costumes and scenery, audience participation," he explained. "My patriotism is rooted in Shakespeare and panto." He also mentioned his recent Glastonbury performance with the Scissor Sisters, describing the experience as "heady stuff, parading in front of a band's enthusiastic fans."