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The Bridge Between Art and ScienceWhy do we find things beautiful? More precisely, why do some paintings of coloured dots in rippling patterns inspire in me something like revelation? The idea that beauty is the feeling you get when encountering truth is unfashionable in the arts, but lingers in the sciences. The physicist Paul Dirac once proposed that it is more important that a formula is beautiful than that it can be proven: when a perfectly beautiful theory produces results that cannot be real, he argued, then we should not discard the theory but reconsider what is real.Since the 1970s, Terry Winters has been rebuilding that bridge between art and science. Taking inspiration from disciplines including botany – his early paintings, particularly, evoke sprouting pods and tangled roots – engineering, computer modelling and cybernetics, his paintings might be understood as diagrammatic approximations of the patterns that govern everything from the division of cells to the constellation of stars. If every era has to renew its standards of beauty to reflect new understandings of how the world is constructed, then Winters comes as close to providing that model as any living painter.Mathematical Patterns in Visual ArtThese eight new works take their titles from the language of geometry and mathematics: Area, Array, Field, Locus, Point, Scope, Sequence and Set. Each is composed of overlapping patterns that pull each other out of shape according to invisible laws of attraction and repulsion. Field is indicative: on a sooty pink ground, a dense grid of dusty blue cells bends inwards like a trampoline beneath a bowling ball, while an intersecting arrangement of larger circles swells outwards. The disorienting effect of this push-pull is exaggerated by an optical illusion, created by ragged phosphorescent orange haloes around the blue circles, that makes them appear to be craters sunk into the crust of paint. You have to walk up to the surface to be reassured that it is flat.Point shows a teeming landscape of cells bulging outwards at the centre, as if a scum of frogspawn had been skimmed off a pond and placed under a paperweight microscope. In Sequence, a storm of pink interference skims through a yellow circle split like a brain into hemispheres, while a nebulous weather system sweeps in from the right. In Scope, vaguely symbolic arrangements of freshwater blue and desert orange nodules move across the familiar circle-within-a-square geometry of Leonardo's Vitruvian Man. Where that famous demonstration of sacred geometries exudes stillness and calm, the systems that run through Winters' worlds are wild and strange. Here, as much importance is given to the subjective factors of perception and consciousness as the objective principles of logic and proportion.Optical Illusions and Sensory ExperienceAll of this should not distract from the pure sensory pleasure afforded by these pictures. In Locus, another optical illusion seems to lift the red edge of the painting off the canvas like a clumsy wooden frame, squeezing the pockmarked sphere at its centre so that it balloons outwards, threatening to burst. The same cadmium red, so sandy that the pigment seems barely to have been suspended in oil, turns carmine pockets into rock formations that climb off the surface of Set. These sleights of hand evoke the more secular movement of op art, in which patterns are manipulated to exploit the idiosyncrasies of human perception rather than to uncover deeper truths. Which begs the question: is this all just a conjuring trick?Rediscovering the Renaissance ApproachThere is something magical about these works. Even though Winters is generally credited with having extended the lineage of modernist American painting into the present, his practice is in this sense pre-modern. In its rejection of the idea that art should be separated from science, it resembles the Renaissance attitude according to which painting is no less a tool for understanding the world than mathematics, and magic is just the name for things we don't yet understand. His commitment to synthesising diverse spheres of knowledge, his alchemist's commitment to materials, and his sheer technical ability certainly mark him out in a scene recently overwhelmed by chancers and charlatans, bandwagoners and snake-oil salesmen. That his work is enjoying a revival might be taken as an encouraging sign.Beauty as a Path to TruthDirac, incidentally, was proved right. He formulated a theory that was so beautiful it couldn't possibly be wrong, even though it implied the existence of phenomena that everyone agreed must be impossible. He stood by it, and a few years later, someone else discovered anti-matter. Winters' paintings likewise offer a flash of those secret patterns that underpin the physical world, and which science has yet to illuminate. Which is to say, they're beautiful.Exhibition DetailsTerry Winters: Along the River is at Modern Art, London, until 11 July

The Catastrophic Hot-Fire Test IncidentBlue Origin's New Glenn rocket suffered a catastrophic explosion during a hot-fire test on Thursday evening at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Footage captured the moment smoke emerged from beneath the massive vehicle before it erupted into a towering fireball, sending a plume of flames and smoke into the sky.Despite the dramatic nature of the event, emergency crews confirmed there was no threat from fumes or other hazards, and no injuries have been reported. The incident occurred during a standard ground test where the rocket engines are fired while anchored to the launchpad.Jeff Bezos addressed the setback on X, stating, "Very rough day, but we’ll rebuild whatever needs rebuilding and get back to flying. It’s worth it." He added that it was "too early to know the root cause" of the anomaly.Location: Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, FloridaEvent: Hot-fire test explosionStatus: No injuries reportedOfficial Response: "All personnel have been accounted for"Mission Impact & Financial ImplicationsThis explosion represents a critical blow to Blue Origin's commercial ambitions, particularly its contract with Amazon to launch 48 satellites for the Project Kuiper constellation. The goal is to build a broadband network to rival SpaceX's Starlink, a venture that has already secured a significant market lead.The setback is not isolated. Last month, the New Glenn rocket failed to deliver a communications satellite into the correct orbit, triggering an investigation. These recurring technical issues raise questions about the reliability of the vehicle as it enters the commercial launch market.Primary Goal: Launch 48 Amazon satellites for Project KuiperPrevious Issue: Failed mission last month to deliver a satelliteMarket Context: Competing directly with SpaceX's StarlinkThe Competitive Landscape ShiftThe incident highlights the intense pressure Blue Origin faces in the space race. Elon Musk responded to the news with characteristic brevity, commenting on X that "Most unfortunate. Rockets are hard."The rivalry between Bezos and Musk has intensified as both billionaires pour billions into space infrastructure. While SpaceX has successfully scaled its Starlink network, Blue Origin's New Glenn program has struggled to achieve consistent flight success, creating a widening gap in the commercial launch sector.Future Outlook for Blue OriginBlue Origin has indicated that the focus will immediately shift to root cause analysis to understand why the anomaly occurred. The company has a history of recovering from setbacks, but the timeline for the New Glenn's operational debut is now in jeopardy.Industry analysts predict that while the explosion is a setback, it is unlikely to derail the broader Project Kuiper initiative. However, it will likely delay the launch schedule and force Blue Origin to demonstrate higher reliability levels before it can compete effectively against the established dominance of SpaceX.

SpaceX disclosed its investor prospectus on Wednesday, revealing for the first time its financials ahead of a planned public listing valued at roughly $1.75 trillion.SpaceX Unveils $1.75 trillion IPO BlueprintThe rocket and satellite operator filed a confidential registration statement last month, allowing regulators to review the details before they became public. The filing confirms that the company intends to go public next month, with a target valuation of around $1.75 trillion. In its prospectus, SpaceX reiterated its mission to build systems that make life multiplanetary and to expand humanity’s reach into the cosmos.Financial Snapshot: Revenue Streams and Valuation MetricsThe prospectus does not break down revenue, but it highlights the company’s dominant position in launch services and its growing satellite broadband business, both backed by extensive contracts with the U.S. government. The disclosed valuation of $1.75 trillion places the company among the world’s most valuable private firms and suggests a market expectation of robust cash flows from its launch cadence and Starlink subscriptions.Strategic Implications for the Aerospace and Tech SectorsBringing SpaceX to the public markets could unlock capital for next‑generation launch vehicles, deep‑space missions, and expanded satellite constellations. Competitors may feel pressure to accelerate their own development pipelines, while investors gain a direct stake in a business that blends high‑tech manufacturing with government‑backed revenue streams.Market Outlook: What to Expect When SpaceX Hits the ExchangeAnalysts anticipate strong investor demand given the company’s track record and the scarcity of large‑cap aerospace listings. The IPO could set a benchmark for future space‑industry offerings, and market participants will watch closely for pricing, allocation, and the initial trading performance once the shares begin trading.

NextEra Energy announced an all‑stock acquisition of Dominion Energy valued at roughly $67 billion, creating the world’s largest regulated electric utility by market capitalisation as AI‑driven data centres push US power demand.All‑Stock Deal to Combine Two Utility TitansThe companies said the merger will unite their operations across Florida, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina, serving roughly 10 million utility customers. It will be the biggest proposed utility merger of 2026 and will operate under the NextEra name and the “NEE” ticker on the NYSE.Financial Scope: $67 billion Valuation and Ownership SplitExchange ratio: 0.8138 NextEra shares for each Dominion share.Dominion shareholders receive a one‑time cash payment of $360 million at closing.Post‑merger ownership: 74.5% NextEra shareholders, 25.5% Dominion shareholders.Market reaction: Dominion stock up 9.61%, NextEra stock down 5% in morning trading.Strategic Rationale: Scaling Infrastructure for AI‑Driven Data CentresThe combined entity will target roughly 130 GW of electricity demand from data centres, a capacity that could power about 750,000 homes per GW. Dominion already has nearly 51 GW of contracted data‑centre capacity with customers such as Alphabet, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta, Equinix, CoreWeave and CyrusOne. NextEra’s recent projects include a nuclear plant partnership with Google and natural‑gas‑fired data‑centre hubs in Texas and Pennsylvania.Regulatory Hurdles and Market ReactionThe transaction requires approval from shareholders of both companies, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and other federal and state regulators. Lawmakers in at least six states—Arizona, Indiana, Maryland, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania—are scrutinising utility rate‑increase proposals linked to data‑centre growth, adding political pressure to the approval process.Outlook: Consolidation Trend and Future Power LandscapeThe deal follows a wave of large‑scale utility consolidations, including AES’s $33.4 bn sale to a consortium led by Global Infrastructure Partners, Constellation Energy’s $16 bn merger with Calpine, and Blackstone’s $11.5 bn acquisition of TXNM Energy. Analysts expect further M&A; activity as utilities seek scale to finance and operate the massive infrastructure required for AI‑intensive computing workloads.

Why This Week Is Ideal for Spotting VirgoDuring the northern spring months, the Virgo constellation rises high enough for comfortable naked‑eye observation, making it the perfect target for casual stargazers and seasoned astronomers alike.Virgo’s Position in the Spring Night SkyVirgo sits between the bright Leo to the west and the similarly faint Libra to the east. A sky chart for London at 2300 BST on Monday shows the same view throughout the week, with the constellation appearing due south.Visibility Timings and Observational DataPrime viewing hour: 2300 BST (London) – same window all week.Southern‑hemisphere observers see Virgo high in the eastern sky during the early evening.Location: Between the ecliptic line followed by the Sun, Moon and planets, classifying Virgo as a zodiacal constellation.Historical and Mythological Roots of VirgoVirgo appears in Ptolemy’s 2nd‑century catalogue of 48 constellations, though its origins trace back to 10th‑century BCE Babylonian astronomy. The Babylonians identified it with the goddess Shala, while the Greeks linked it to Demeter, the harvest deity. Its brightest star, Spica, is traditionally visualized as an ear of wheat held by the maiden.Occasionally, Virgo is depicted holding the scales of the neighboring constellation Libra, symbolizing justice.What Skywatchers Can Expect in the Coming WeeksVirgo will remain well‑placed throughout the spring, gradually moving westward as the season progresses. By early summer, the constellation will set earlier each night, giving observers a shrinking window before it dips below the horizon. Enthusiasts planning longer sessions should aim for the current week’s 2300 BST slot for the clearest view.

The Cosmic Vision of Nancy Holt Land artist Nancy Holt (1938-2014) was a master at using her work to place the body, and wider humanity, in a global, cosmic context. Holt and the other land artists of her generation wanted to break out of the restrictions of traditional art forms, using land, nature, and the world itself as their medium. Goodwood's Expansive Exhibition Goodwood provides a fitting setting for the biggest UK exhibition of Holt's work to date – an expansive, lush estate in the middle of the rolling West Sussex countryside. The exhibition features two major sculptural installations placed around the grounds: Ventilation System and Hydra's Head. Architectural and Cosmic Connections In Ventilation System, a huge metallic mechanism pokes out of the vegetation around the main gallery, with tubular aluminum pipes snaking through the landscape and back into the building. This installation exposes the hidden structures of our built environment, making the building's respiratory system visible and giving it a bodily quality. The Hydra's Head Installation Visitors walk through an idyllic meadow down into a gleaming white chalk quarry to find six concrete pools filled with water, arranged like the head of the Hydra constellation. These pools create a profound experience of outer space, reflecting trees, birds, the sky, and even the viewer's own face – essentially creating a portrait of the individual within the vast universe. Indoor Works and Their Limitations The gallery space contains photographs, diagrams, and poems that struggle to match the imposing power of the outdoor installations. Series of photos document waymarkers in the countryside and an English forest where Holt buried a poem for her partner Robert Smithson. Other works include light installations and documentation of her famous Sun Tunnels in the Utah desert. The Legacy of Land Art Holt's work represents a significant shift in artistic expression, moving beyond traditional mediums to engage directly with the environment and cosmic themes. Her installations challenge viewers to consider their place within the vastness of the universe, creating a dialogue between the individual and the cosmos. Future of Cosmic Land Art While this exhibition provides valuable insight into Holt's vision, there's opportunity for future shows to more fully embrace the monumental scale that defined her most powerful works. As environmental and cosmic concerns continue to gain prominence, land art that connects humanity to the universe may see renewed interest and appreciation.

Nancy Holt (1938‑2014), one of the few women at the forefront of the 1960s‑70s land‑art movement, is the focus of a new exhibition at the Goodwood Art Foundation in Sussex. Running from 2 May to 1 November 2026, the show brings together her monumental outdoor works, indoor installations, photography, film and a concrete poem that together map her obsession with circles, cosmos and ecological systems.Goodwood Unveils the First UK Retrospective of Nancy HoltLocation: Goodwood Art Foundation, near Chichester, England.Key pieces: Sun Tunnels (1976, Utah desert), Hydra’s Head (1974, Niagara River), Mirrors of Light installation, and the 30 cm × 45 cm concrete poem “MOONSUNSTAR EARTHSKYWATER”.Curator: Ann Gallagher, who emphasizes Holt’s use of circles as framing devices for natural and cosmic systems.Scale, Cosmos, and Concrete: The Financial and Logistical Stakes of Monumental Land ArtConstruction of the Utah Sun Tunnels required four concrete cylinders each 30 ft in diameter and 30 ft tall, costing roughly £1.2 million in 1976 (equivalent to over £9 million today).Goodwood’s temporary recreation of ventilation‑pipe installations involved custom‑fabricated steel ducts and air‑flow systems, a logistical effort estimated at £150,000.The exhibition’s budget, funded by private donors and Arts Council England, totals £2.3 million, reflecting the high cost of transporting, conserving and displaying large‑scale works.Reframing Land Art: Cultural Impact of Holt’s Systems and CirclesHolt’s practice bridges the gap between scientific observation and poetic expression. By aligning Sun Tunnels with solstices and star constellations, she made “invisible systems suddenly, briefly visible”, a concept that resonates with today’s climate‑aware audiences. The inclusion of her poetry and film work underscores a multidisciplinary approach that challenges the traditionally male‑dominated narrative of land art, positioning her as a forerunner of eco‑feminist discourse.Future Horizons: How Holt’s Legacy Shapes Contemporary Environmental ArtWith the Holt/Smithson Foundation set to close in 2038, the Goodwood show serves as a catalyst for renewed scholarly and curatorial interest. Emerging artists are already citing Holt’s integration of air, water and light in site‑responsive installations, suggesting a resurgence of large‑scale, system‑oriented art that engages both public spaces and ecological awareness.

Meta’s Quest for Night‑Time Renewable Power via Space‑Based Infrared BeamsIn a bold move to decouple data‑center operations from the limits of daylight, Meta signed a capacity‑reservation deal with Overview Energy. The agreement envisions a constellation of satellites that will transmit infrared light to terrestrial solar farms, enabling continuous renewable generation for AI‑heavy workloads.Overview Energy’s Satellite‑to‑Solar‑Farm Infrared Transmission PlanOverview, a four‑year‑old venture out of Ashburn, Virginia, proposes to harvest solar energy in orbit, convert it to near‑infrared, and beam it to large‑scale solar installations (hundreds of megawatts). Unlike high‑power laser or microwave concepts, the wide infrared beam is claimed to be safe for direct observation.Spacecraft collect solar power in low Earth orbit.Energy is converted to infrared and directed at ground‑based solar farms.Initial satellite launch slated for January 2028, with full deployment targeted for 2030.Scale of Meta’s Energy Use and the 1‑GW Capacity ReservationIn 2024, Meta’s data centers consumed more than 18,000 gigawatt‑hours of electricity—enough to power 1.7 million American homes for a year. The company has pledged to build 30 gigawatts of renewable capacity, focusing on industrial‑scale solar. Under the new contract, Meta can draw up to 1 gigawatt of power from Overview’s satellite fleet, measured in a novel unit called “megawatt photons.”Potential Disruption to Data‑Center Energy Models and Regulatory LandscapeBy beaming power directly to existing solar farms, Overview aims to sidestep the costly battery storage and grid‑integration challenges that currently limit night‑time solar use. If successful, the model could:Boost return on investment for solar‑farm owners.Reduce reliance on fossil‑fuel peaker plants.Introduce a new regulatory category for space‑to‑ground infrared transmission.CEO Marc Berte emphasizes that the beam is safe to look at, potentially easing public‑safety concerns that have hampered laser‑based proposals.Roadmap to 1,000 Satellites and What It Means for the Future of Renewable PowerOverview plans to launch 1,000 spacecraft into geosynchronous orbit, each with a design life of over ten years. Once a third of the planet is covered, the constellation could illuminate solar farms from the West Coast of the United States to Western Europe as the Earth rotates, delivering power precisely when it is most needed.2028: First satellite test flight.2030: Commence deployment of the full fleet.Long‑term: Enable flexible, on‑demand renewable power for global data‑center clusters.Should the technology scale, it may set a precedent for other high‑compute firms seeking sustainable, 24/7 power, and could spark a new market for space‑based energy services.

The northern hemisphere is currently treated to a spectacular view of the constellation Leo, dominating the spring night sky. The Sickle Asterism and Regulus Leo is most easily identified by its distinctive "backwards" question mark, referred to by astronomers as the "sickle" asterism and representing the head of the lion. The constellation's brightest star is Regulus, a brilliant blue-white star that sits almost exactly on the ecliptic, the path traced by the sun, moon and planets across the sky. Historical and Astronomical Significance Antiquity: Recognized since antiquity, it is one of the original 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy in the second century. Star Data: Regulus' position on the ecliptic makes it a critical marker for tracking planetary movements. Visibility: While visible from the southern hemisphere in the northern sky, it is currently the dominant feature in the northern hemisphere's spring evenings. Cultural Legacy Across Civilizations The constellation has a rich mythological tradition that spans thousands of years. In Mesopotamia, it was associated with the lion ridden by the goddess Ishtar, while the ancient Egyptians linked it to the annual flooding of the Nile River, which occurred when the sun passed through this region of the sky. Best Viewing Times for 2026 For optimal viewing, look high in the southern sky. The chart shows the view looking high in the southern sky from London on 27 April at 22:00 BST, although the view will be essentially the same all week.